高考英语语法之动词形式考点难点分析讲义.docx
高中英语语法之动词形式考点难点分析动词的五种形式1) 动词原形: 即词典中词条所给出的动词形式。用于一般现在时和不定式。They know us well. 他们很了解我们。Do you want to go there? 你想去那儿吗?2) 过去式:用于表示过去发生的动作或事情。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。You talked too much. 你讲得太多。3) 过去分词: 用于被动语态和完成时态等。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。Two people were killed in the accident. 有两个人在事故中丧生。4) 现在分词:由动词原形 + ing构与,可用于各种进行时态。They are leaning English. 他们正在学英语。5) 第三人称单数形式:当句子的主语为单数时,句子中的谓语动词需要用第三人称单数,第三人称单数形式通常是在动词后加 s。He likes teaching. 他喜欢教学。过去式和过去分词的构成法1)英语中大部分动词都以加-ed词尾的方法来构成过去式及过去分词。如: 单词work 的过去式或过去分词为 worked。单词talk 的过去式或过去分词为 talked。这类动词也称为规则动词。2)在加-ed 词尾时要注意以下情况:a) 如果单词是以字母e结尾,则只加-d:like liked move movedb) 如果单词以“辅音(字母)y”结尾,则先变y为i再加-ed:study studied try triedc) 如果单词是以“一个元音字母一个辅音字母”结尾,该音节又重读者,末尾字母要双写,然后再加-ed:stop stopped drop dropped3)另外,还有几点值得注意:a) 以“一个元音l”结尾的词,英国人双写l,而美国人则不双写:travel travelled (英),traveled (美)b) l前若有两个元音,l一概不双写(英美都如此):reveal revealed appeal appealedc) 有少数词,尽管末尾音节并不重读,末尾辅音字母在英国仍双写:worship worshipped (英) ,worshiped (美)kidnap kidnapped (英), kidnapped (美)d) 以x结尾的词,x不双写:mix mixed fix fixed现在分词的构成法1) 现在分词一般是在动词原形后直接加-ing。ask asking talk talking2) 以不发音的e 结尾的词,去掉 e,再加-ing.move moving write writing3) 以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾,而又重读该音节时,末尾辅音要双写,再加-ing。set setting begin beginning4) 个别单词的-ing 词尾比较特别.die dying lie lying tie tyingage ageing 或 aging toe toeing dye dyeinghoe hoeing注:以 “一个元音字母加l”结尾的词, 在加-ing时, 英国人要双写l, 而美国人不双写。travel travelling (英), traveling (美)第三人称单数形式在英文句子中,当句子的主语意义上为单数时,句子中的谓语要相应地采用单数形式,即第三人称单数形式。第三人称单数形式的写法规则如下:a. 通常在动词词尾加s, 如: work - works create - createsb. 动词如果以ch, sh, s, x 或 o 结尾时,需加es, 如: teach - teaches fix - fixesc. 动词以辅音加 y 结尾时, 先变 y 为 i, 再加 es, 如: cry - cries reply - repliesd. be(助)动词单数形式在一般现在时和现在进行时中写为 is, 在过去时态写为 was。e. (助)动词have 的单数形式写为 has。f. 当主语为 I 时, be 动词单数形式写为 am,过去时用was。She works hard from morning to night. 她从早到晚辛勤工作。He teaches modern Chinese literature in the university. 他在大学教现代中国文学。When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing at her desk. 幕启时,朱丽叶在办公桌旁写东西。He is a genius. 他是个天才。The water is boiling. 水正开着呢。He was only three years old when his mother died. 他母亲去逝时他才三岁。The river was threatening to overflow its banks. 河水大有决堤之势。The notice was put above the door. 布告贴在门的上方。She has three kids. 她有三个小孩。He has cheated me. 他骗了我。I am afraid of him. 我很怕他。Hearing that news, I was really 持续性动词和瞬间性动词1. 持续性动词持续性动词表示持续的行为或状态,常见的有be, clean, do, drink, drive, eat, fly, have, keep, know, learn, lie, live, play, rain, read, run, sing, sit, sleep, speak, smoke, snow, stand, stay, study, talk, wait, walk, wear, work, write1) 持续性动词可用于现在完成时态,并可与表示一段时间的状语连用。一段时间的状语如: for three years, since last month, how long, during the past two months 等。如:I know her very well because we have been friends for over ten years. 我很了解她,因为我们已是十年的老友。I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2) 持续性动词不能与表示短暂的时间状语(点时间)连用。如: It rained at six yesterday morning. 这句话语法上是有错的。因为 at six 表示“点时间”,而rain 是持续性动词。如果要用持续性动词表示一时短暂的动作,可以在其前加上come to, begin to, start to, get to等。It started to rain at six yesterday morning. 昨天上午6点开始下雨。When did you get to know him? 你什么时候认识他的。2. 瞬间性动词瞬间性动词表示短暂的(不能持续的)动作。常见的有:admit, arrive, become, begin, borrow, buy, break, close, come, die, enter, fall, find, finish, get on, get off, get to, get up, go, hear, happen, hit, join, jump, leave, lend, lose, marry, open, put, reach, start, set out, stop, take away,1) 由于瞬间性动词表示短暂的动作,因而不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。(但这种限制只是对于肯定句而言, 否定句则没有这种限制。)误: She has died for three years.正: She has been dead for three years. 她死了三年了。误: How long have you come here?正: How long have you been here? 你来多久了?注:a) 如果要用瞬间性动词表达上面的“她死了三年了。”这一句,可以采用以下的句式:正: She died three years ago.正: It is three years since she died.正: Three years has passed since she died.b) 当句子是否定句时,瞬间性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用是可以的。如:正: I haven't heard from her for three weeks. 我有三周没收到她的来信了。正: We haven't come here for ages. 我们多年没来这里了。正: We didn't find our seats until the play had begun. 我们直到戏开始才找到位子。2) 瞬间性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中,而宜用于 when 或 as 引导的时间状语从句中。这是因为while表示的是一段较长的时间或过程。误: Please look after my little dog while we left.正: Please look after my little dog while we are away. 我们外出时,请照顾我的小狗。误: While I came home she was cooking dinner.正: When I came home she was cooking dinner. 当我到家时,她在做饭。sad. 听到那个消息后,我真的很伤心。学科网(北京)股份有限公司