高中英语语法之代词概述及各类代词用法讲义.docx
高中英语语法之代词概述及各类代词用法归纳代词概述1. 什么是代词?代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的一类词, 它在句中的作用类似于名词。 代词可分为人称代词, 物主代词, 自身代词, 相互代词, 指示代词, 疑问代词, 连接代词, 关系代词和不定代词。2. 代词在句中的作用1) 作主语That's my book. 那是我的书。Both are expensive. 两个都很贵。Who tells you this? 谁告诉你这个?2) 作宾语Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾自己。I will show it to you. 我会展示给你看。I don't believe him. 我不相信他。3) 作表语The car is not mine. 这辆车不是我的。I will be myself again soon. 我过一会儿就会没事了。4) 作同位语The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。They are both in favor of the plan他们两人都赞成这个计划。5) 作呼语You stand here and wait for the bus. 你站在这儿等公车吧。Be patient, everyone. 大家都耐心点吧。6) 作定语That's my glasses. 那是我的眼镜。I'll buy that umbrella.人称代词1. 人称代词的词汇a) 人称代词主格 (在句中作主语)单数第一人称: I (我)单数第二人称: you (你)单数第三人称: he, she, it (他,她,它)复数第一人称: we(我们)复数第二人称: you(你们)复数第三人称: they (他们/她们/它们)b) 人称代词宾格 (在句中作宾语)单数第一人称: me (我)单数第二人称: you (你)单数第三人称: him, her, it(他,她,它)复数第一人称: us(我们)复数第二人称: you(你们)复数第三人称: them (他们/她们/它们)2. 人称代词在句中的作用1) 作主语I am a student. 我是一名学生。She is very beautiful. 她很漂亮。You can't do this. 你不能做这个。2) 作宾语I don't know him. 我不认识他。He gives me money. 他给我钱。Do you like it? 你喜欢它吗?They won't believe us. 他们不会相信我们的。3) 作表语It's me. 是我。(注:笔语中宜用主格,即 It's I.)It's me who broke it. 是我打破的。(注:笔语中宜用主格,如:It was she who gave me the book. 是她给了我那本书。)3. she, he 的特殊用法1) she可以表示雌性动物和温柔的动物, he 可代表凶猛、粗野的动物。I've a lovely cat, and she is my friend. 我有一只可爱的猫,她是我的朋友。The wolf is so hungry that he ate two rabbits in a minute. 狼很饿,不一会就吃了两只免子。2) she可以代表船只,车辆、国家、故乡等What's wrong with the car? She won't start. 车怎么啦?她发动不起来。Australia is the largest Island in the World, but she has a population of just over 20 million people. 澳大利亚是世界上最大的岛国,但是她的人口只有两千多万。3) he 可用于于泛指。常用于习语和谚语等。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。4. we, you, they 可用来泛指一般人。We all make mistakes. 每个人都会犯错误。You can never tell what will happen in the future. 谁都不敢说将来会发生什么事。They say prices are going to increase again. 据说物价又要上涨。5. it 可表示许多事物。1) 天气It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。It's quite warm at the moment. 现在天气很暖和.2)距离It's two miles to the beach. 离海滨有两英里远。How far is it to town hall? 这儿离市政厅多远?3)用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?It's your mother on the phone. 是你母亲来的电话。Who is it? It's me. 是谁(来电话)? 是我。4) 时间、日期What time is it? 现在几点钟?It's ten past twelve. 现在十二点十分。It's too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。5) 表示抽象事物。可以代替一个词、词组或整个句子,以免重复。When the factory closes, it will mean 500 people losing their jobs. 工厂如果关闭,就意味着500人要失业。I love playing football. It keeps me fit. 我喜欢踢足球。它能让我保持健康。物主代词物主代词表示所属关系, 有人称和数的变化, 可分为形容词型物主代词和名词型物主代词两类。1. 形容词型物主代词:形容词型物主代词包括my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their, 在句中作定语。What's your name? 你的名字是?My mother has changed her decision. 我妈妈改变主意了。Those workers have just had their meals. 那些工人刚吃完饭。2. 名词型物主代词:名词型物主代词包括mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs,在句中的作用如下1) 作表语Is all the money yours? 这些钱都是你的吗?These notebooks are his. 这些笔记本是他的。The factory was mine. 这间工厂以前是我的。2) 作主语That is not my computer; mine is pink. 这不是我的电脑。我的是粉红色的。Hers is the most expensive cafe in this town. 她的咖啡店是镇上消费最贵的。Theirs are in the wooden closet. 她们的(服装)在木制的衣橱里。3) 作宾语或介词宾语British life is very different from ours. 英国人的生活和我们的很不同。Their team beat ours at soccer. 他们队在足球比赛中击败了我们。Tom is not in my office; maybe he is in yours. 汤姆不在我办公室里,也许他在你的办公室。4) 和of连用An old friend of mine has just had a child. 我的一位旧友刚生下了孩子。Tom is a great fan of yours. 他是你的骨灰级粉丝。I lent her a shirt of mine. 我把我的一件衬衣借给他。自身代词 (也称反身代词)1) 自身代词的词汇有下面这些:单数:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数: ourselves, yourselves, themselves2) 自身代词的用法:a) 作宾语He blamed himself for the poor marks. 他为考试低分而自责。I hope you enjoy yourselves. 希望你们玩得开心。Let me introduce myself. 请让我介绍一下自己。b) 作介词宾语I am annoyed with myself. 我在生自己的气。Lily was talking to herself. 莉莉当时在自言自语。Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾自己。c) 作同位语I myself wanted to be a novelist. 我自己曾经想要成为一名小说家。The teacher himself is not a responsible man. 那个老师本身不是个负责任的人。She hopes to see the president himself. 她希望见到总统本人。d) 作表语Now I am quite myself again. 我现在身体好多了。That poor girl in my novel is myself. 我小说中的可怜女孩就是我自己。I haven't been myself for days. 我这几天都很不舒服。相互代词相互代词有两个, 一为 one another, 两一个为 each other。 相互代词表示两个或几个人之间的相互关系。 在句中的作用如下:1) 作宾语We should support each other. 我们应该相互支持。This couple can fully understand each other. 这对夫妇能够完全理解对方的想法。We should help one another. 我们应该互相帮助。2) 作介词宾语Students and their teachers should often communicate with each other. 教师与学生要常常相互交流。The boys looked at each other. 那两个男孩互相望了望对方。These spies exchanged messages with one another. 这些间谍互通情报。3) 采用所有格They both appreciate the decoration of each other's room. 他们都喜欢彼此房间的装潢。We have never criticised one another's behavior. 我们从不批评对方的行为表现。Mother and father were holding each other's hands. 爸爸妈妈牵着彼此的手。指示代词和指示形容词指示代词包括: this, that, these, those。这些词当用作定语时也称为指示形容词。指示代词在句中的用法如下。1) 作主语This is my house. 这是我的房子。Those are Mary's clothes. 那些都是玛丽的衣服。That was thirty years ago. 那是三十年前的事了。2) 作宾语Can you carry these? 你能提一下这些(东西)吗?Tom gave me this. 汤姆给了我这个(东西)。I hope you will seriously consider this. 我希望你认真考虑这件事。3) 作介词宾语Look at that! 看那个!What do you think of this? 这个怎么样?We have no doubt about these. 我们对此并不怀疑。4) 作表语What I bought just now are these. 我刚才买的就是这些。The winning numbers are these. 获奖号码是这些。5) 作定语 (也称指示形容词)That internship taught me a lot. 那份实习工作教会我许多。These questions are difficult to answer. 这些问题很难回答。I don't think your car is in that room. 我想你的车不在那个房间里。注a) that 可以代表刚说的事。That's why I love you so much. 这就是为什么我如此爱你。That's the problem! 这就是问题所在!That's the current situation. 这就是现在的情况。b) this 和 that 在电话中可以指人。Who's this? 你是哪位?This is Mary. (电话中)我是玛丽。c) that 和 these 可代表前面提到的名词以避免重复。Life today is much better than that in the old days. 现在的生活比过去好多了。Your designs are more impressive than these. 你的设计作品比这些精彩多了。My questions are similar to these. 我的问题和这些差不多。疑问代词疑问代词表示疑问, 用于构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词可分为形容词性 (what, which, whose) 和名词性( who, whom, whose, which , what)。疑问代词的用法详见特殊疑问句。1) 名词性疑问代词Who's calling? (打电话时)请问你是?Whom did you go to the cinema with? 你和谁一块儿去电影院的?Whose is better, yours or hers? 谁的好一点,你的还是她的?Which did you choose at that time? 当时你选择了哪个?What did you do to him?! 你对他做了什么?!2) 形容词性疑问代词Whose car is this? 这是谁的车?What day is today? 今天星期几?Which car is yours? 哪辆车是你的?连接代词连接代词与疑问代词同形,包括: who, whom, whose, which, what。用来引导各种名词性从句, 即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。连接代词不仅起到连接主句和从句的作用, 而且在从句中充当句子的某个成份。 连接代词的用法详见各种名词性从句(尤其是宾语从句)的相关章节。关系代词关系代词用来引导定语从句。它不仅起到连接主句和从句的作用, 而且在定语从句中充当句子的某个成份。关系代词包括 who, whom, whose, that, which。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司