中考总复习英语 语法专项复习—非谓语动词课件.pptx

第二部分 语法专项复习非谓语动词1语法知识导览2语法精讲精练3核心素养提升 1 语法知识导览 2 知识知识点点 1 动词不定式动词不定式 1.动词动词不定式的构成。不定式的构成。基本形式：基本形式：to+动词动词原形。原形。否定式：否定式：not to+动词动词原形，原形，有时可以不有时可以不带带 to。动词动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，有语态变化，可以和自己的宾语、状语构成动词不定式短语点，有语态变化，可以和自己的宾语、状语构成动词不定式短语。语法精讲精练 3 2.动词不定式的基本用法。动词不定式的基本用法。动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语（表示目的、结果、原因）动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语（表示目的、结果、原因），以及和疑问词连用构成不定式短语充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语和表语，以及和疑问词连用构成不定式短语充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语和表语。（1）不定式）不定式作主语时，往往用形式作主语时，往往用形式主语主语 it 代替代替，而将真正的主语放在句末，避免句，而将真正的主语放在句末，避免句子头重脚轻子头重脚轻。（2）不定式）不定式一般用在及物动词后作宾语。其后跟补足语时常用一般用在及物动词后作宾语。其后跟补足语时常用it作形式宾语，而将作形式宾语，而将不定式后置不定式后置。常见常见接动词不定式作宾语的接动词不定式作宾语的动词（动词（动词动词to do sth.）：）：agree，afford，would，like，decide，expect，hope/，wish，want，learn，manage，begin，prepare，promise，pretend，plan，refuse 4 知识拓展知识拓展 （3）作）作宾语补足语。宾语补足语。在在“动词宾语不定式动词宾语不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语。变为被动语态时，结构中，不定式作宾语补足语。变为被动语态时，宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语。常见常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词动词（动词动词sb.to do sth.）：）：tell，ask，invite，warn，want，teach，allow，force，expect，help，advise，persuade。使役使役动词动词 let，make，have 和和表示感官的表示感官的动词动词 see，hear，watch，notice，feel等后要用不等后要用不带带 to 的的不定式作宾语补足语。但当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后不定式作宾语补足语。但当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后的的 to 要要补上补上。（4）动词）动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。（5）不定式）不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的和结果等。作状语主要表示原因、目的和结果等。5 小试牛刀小试牛刀知识拓展知识拓展例题例题知识知识点点 2 动名词动名词 1.基本基本形式：动词形式：动词-ing，它与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的，它与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。性质。2.基本基本用法。用法。（1）动名词）动名词作主语，谓语动词用作主语，谓语动词用单数单数 （2）作宾语。）作宾语。动词动词 enjoy，practice，finish，mind 等等后接动名词后接动名词作动词宾语。作动词宾语。短语短语be interested in，be proud of，be worth，give up 等等后接动名词后接动名词作介词宾语。作介词宾语。（3）通常）通常单个动名词位于名词前，作前置定语；动名词短语则作后置定语单个动名词位于名词前，作前置定语；动名词短语则作后置定语。（4）表示）表示主语具有抽象名词主语具有抽象名词特性，特性，作表语作表语。6 3.常见常见接动名词的词汇短语或句型。接动名词的词汇短语或句型。接接动名词的动名词的词汇：词汇：avoid，consider，enjoy，finish，imagine，keep，mind，suggest，practice。接接动名词的动名词的词短语词短语或或句型：句型：be busy(in)doing sth.忙于忙于做某事做某事 be worth doing sth.值得值得做某事做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯习惯于做某事于做某事 cant/couldnt help doing sth.情不自禁情不自禁做某事做某事 keep on doing sth.继续继续做某事做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事期待做某事 7 spend some time(in)doing sth.花费花费时间做某事时间做某事 give up doing sth.放弃放弃做某事做某事 feeling like doing sth.想想做某事做某事 miss doing sth.错过错过做某事做某事 What do you think of doing sth.?你你认为做某事怎么样？认为做某事怎么样？How/What about doing sth.?做做某事怎么样？某事怎么样？Thanks for doing sth.感谢感谢做某事。做某事。Would you mind(sb/ones)doing sth.?你介意（你介意（某人某人）做）做某事吗？某事吗？There is no need/use/harm(in)doing sth.做做某事没有必要某事没有必要/没有用没有用/无妨。无妨。8 小试牛刀小试牛刀例题例题知识拓展知识拓展一、单项选择一、单项选择1.Now the Chinese government has made laws _ wild animals.A.protect B.protects C.to protect D.protected2.My Chinese teacher often asks me _ notes while reading a book.A.take B.takes C.taking D.to take3.What do you think of Hangzhou?Its very beautiful!Many people expect _ it during holidays.A.visit B.visits C.visiting D.to visit核心素养提升 9 CDD4.They want _ a football match.A.not watch B.watch C.to watch D.watching5.Teachers expect all their students _ progress day by day.A.to make B.making C.to take D.take6.Ive just watched a TV programme about space.I hope _ on the moon one day.A.walk B.walked C.walking D.to walk7.During the outbreak of COVID-19,our government do what they can _ us from the virus.A.protect B.to protect C.protecting D.protected 10 CADB8.Wang Lei is looking forward to _ the best high school in September.A.refusing B.playing C.reading D.entering9.We should avoid _ mistakes all the time.A.make B.making C.made D.to make10.Its important for us _ a healthy lifestyle.A.to keep B.keep C.keeping D.kept11.They offered courses _ students know the importance of protecting the Yellow River.A.help B.helped C.helps D.to help 11 DBAD12.He spent two hours _ his mother with housework last Sunday.A.helping B.helped C.to help D.help13._ the project as planned,they need to work two more hours a day.A.To finish B.Finishing C.Finish D.To be finished14.Look!Kangkang,that old man is crossing the crosswalk.Jane,lets _ him.A.helps B.to help C.helping D.help15.Wed better follow the seven-step hand-washing method _ healthy.A.to keep B.keep C.keeping D.keeps 12 AADA16.The doctors and nurses managed _ the lives of patients,though they didnt have enough medicine.A.save B.saving C.to save D.to saving17.We should do what we can _ those people who are in trouble.A.to help B.helping C.helped D.help18.In my opinion,animals shouldnt be kept for fun.I think so.Forests are the best places for animals _.A.live B.living C.to live D.to live in 13 CAD19.Daniel,do you know that bees never get lost?Yes.Bees always remember _ the same way as they went.A.come back B.came back C.coming back D.to come back20.Why do many farmers put their products online these days?_ them more easily.A.To sell B.Sell C.Selling D.Sold 14 DA二、词形变换二、词形变换根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1.I miss my grandfather very much.Im looking forward to _(visit)him soon.2.What are you going to do with the clothes?Some clothes will be given to the poor and the others will be sent to the factories for _(recycle).3.The teacher asked Ben _(answer)a question in class.4.Touched by the doctors and nurses in Wuhan,Li Ming wants _(be)a doctor when he grows up.5.To keep healthy，we should pay attention to _(wear)masks and washing hands.15 visitingrecyclingto answerto bewearing例题例题 1The doctor warns Jack _ stop _ because it is bad for his health.A.to;smoking B.not;to smoke C.to;to smoke D.not to;smokingA分析与分析与解答解答 本题本题考查动词不定式。句意：医生告诫考查动词不定式。句意：医生告诫Jack要戒烟，因为这要戒烟，因为这对他的健康有害。对他的健康有害。smoking，动名词；，动名词；to smoke，动词不定式。第一空考，动词不定式。第一空考查固定用法：查固定用法：warn sb.to do sth.，意为，意为“告诫某人做某事告诫某人做某事”，动词不定式，动词不定式作宾语补足语。根据语境，可知是作宾语补足语。根据语境，可知是“要戒烟要戒烟”，排除，排除B、D选项；第二空选项；第二空考查固定搭配考查固定搭配stop doing sth.，意为，意为“停止做某事停止做某事”，动名词作宾语，若，动名词作宾语，若是是stop to do sth.，动词不定式作宾语，则意为，动词不定式作宾语，则意为“停下来去做某事停下来去做某事”。根据。根据语境，可知此处应是语境，可知此处应是“停止吸烟停止吸烟”。知识点知识点 1 动词不定式动词不定式小试牛刀小试牛刀1.Leonardo DiCaprio,a famous American actor,was always expecting _ an Oscar and finally he made it.A.to win B.winning C.not to win D.not winning2.What does the sign mean?It tells us _ in public.A.didnt smoke B.dont smoke C.not to smoke D.not smokeAC例题例题 2Frank and his friends had great fun _ volleyball on the beach yesterday.A.play B.playing C.to play D.not to playB分析与分析与解答解答 此此题考查动名词。句意：题考查动名词。句意：Frank和他的朋友昨天在沙滩上打和他的朋友昨天在沙滩上打排球打得很开心。排球打得很开心。play玩，动词原形；玩，动词原形；playing动词的动词的ing形式；形式；to play，动，动词不定式；词不定式；not to play，动词不定式的否定形式。，动词不定式的否定形式。have great fun doing sth.意为意为“做某事玩得很高兴做某事玩得很高兴”，其后应接动词，其后应接动词-ing形式故空格处应填形式故空格处应填playing。知识点知识点 2 动名词动名词小试牛刀小试牛刀1.I enjoy _(think)of ways to help people in need.2.When I saw my father _ for me on a cold winter night,I couldnt keep back my tears.A.wait B.waited C.waiting D.to waitCthinking知识拓展知识拓展 it 代替不定式作形式主语的代替不定式作形式主语的句型：句型：It is 形容词形容词of/for sb.to do sth.意为意为“某人做某事某人做某事真是太真是太了了/对对某人来说某人来说做某事怎么样做某事怎么样”。Its ones turn to do sth.意为意为“轮到某人做某事了轮到某人做某事了”。It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.意为意为“某人花某人花(了了)多长时间做某事多长时间做某事”。15 知识拓展知识拓展 动词动词不定式的特殊不定式的特殊句型：句型：tooto 意意为为“太太而不能而不能”。enough to 意意为为“足够足够”。Why dont you 省略省略 to 的的不定式？不定式？/Why not 省略省略to的不定式的不定式+？意为？意为“你为你为什么不什么不？”。had better(not)省略省略 to的不定式，意为的不定式，意为“最好最好(不不)做做”。Will/Could/Would you please 省略省略 to 的的不定式不定式+？意为？意为“请你做请你做好吗？好吗？”。prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.意意为为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。15 知识拓展知识拓展 既既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词可接不定式又可接动名词的动词 15 rememberremember to do sth.记得做某事记得做某事(动作没有发生动作没有发生)remember doing sth.记得做过某事记得做过某事(动作已完成动作已完成)forgetforget to do sth.忘记做某事忘记做某事(动作没有发生动作没有发生)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事忘记做过某事(动作已完成动作已完成)regretregret to do sth.为做某事感到遗憾为做某事感到遗憾regret doing sth.后悔做过某事后悔做过某事续表续表 15 trytry to do sth.尽力做某事尽力做某事try doing sth.试着做某事试着做某事meanmean to do sth.打算做某事打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事意味着做某事go ongo on to do sth.继续做某事继续做某事(另一件事另一件事)go on doing sth.继续做某事继续做某事(同一件事同一件事)stopstop to do sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事(某个动作的开始某个动作的开始)stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事(某个动作的终结某个动作的终结)