小升初英语语法祈使句、感叹句及there be 句型和现在进行时的讲解(精讲).doc
优质文本黄冈状元私塾教师一对一个性化教案学生姓名教师姓名授课日期授课时段课题祈使句、感慨句及there be 句型和现在进行时的讲解重点难点感慨句的结构和现在进行时的结构和用法教学步骤及教学内容一、 课程的衔接: 了解学生对祈使句和感慨句的掌握情况,并使用现在进行时造句二、教学内容:1.讲解上节课给学生布置的作业,并分析试题中的考点;2.祈使句的定义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子;3.祈使句的类型1以动词原形开头;2以let开头的祈使句;4.感慨句的结构:感慨句常由what/how引导,表示赞美、感慨、喜悦等;5.there be 句型的根本用法:表示“某地或某时存在有某人或某物。其形式为“There be + 代词或名词短语+地点/时间状语6.现在进行时的意义、根本用法和构成三、稳固练习 见学案四、知识总结 祈使句、感慨句、there be句型及现在进行时的结构和用法总结五、知识拓展 There be 句型与 have/has 的使用区别教务处签字: 日 期: 年 月 日 课后评价一、学生对本次课的评价 特别满意 满意 一般 差二、教师评定1、学生上次作业评价:好 较好 一般 差2、学生本次上课情况评价:好 较好 一般 差作业布置老师留言教师签字:家长意见家长签字:日期: 年 月 日祈使句概念 用来表达请求、命令、建议劝告、警告、| 祝愿等句子就叫祈使句。如:Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。命令Be quiet,please./Please be quiet. 请安静。请求Be kind to our sister.对姐妹要和蔼。劝告Watch your steps.走路小心。警告Look out!Danger!小心!危险!强烈警告Keep off the grass.勿践草坪。(禁止祈使句往年真题:1. Lets _ (speak) English in class . _(not speak) Chinese. 2._(not stay) out too late ,Wendy ! 祈使句分类 肯定结构 A Do 型: 动词原形+ 宾语+ 其他成分 Open the window ,please ! 请把窗户翻开 Sit down , please ! 请坐 Please have a seat here . 请这边坐 Have a good weekend ! (祝您)周末愉快 Go and wash your hands .去洗洗你的手 Come on and join us ! 来参加我们的行列吧 Keep quiet ! 请保持安静 Look out ! The bus is coming !留神,车子来了 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please .= Go this way ,please .请这边走B Be型: Be + 表语名词或形容词+ 其他成分 Be careful ! Its dangerous ! 留神/小心,危险 Be quiet , please ! 请安静 Be a good boy ! 要做一个好孩子 Be kind to your little sister ! 对你的小妹妹温和C Let型: Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分 Let me help you .让我来帮你 Lets go to have a picnic .让我们去野炊吧 Let me show you hao to do it .我来告诉你怎么 Let him try . 让他试试 否认结构 Do 型和 Be型 祈使句变否认时,直接在句首加 Dont 例句: 1. Dont forget me ! 不要忘记我 2. Dont speak to others with your mouth full.嘴里有事物时不要和人讲话。那样是没礼貌的3. Dont read in bed .Its bad for your eyes .不要躺在床上看书,那样对眼睛不好4. Dont open the window!不要翻开窗户5 Dont be late for school again !不要再次上学迟到 Let型 祈使句变否认有两种:直接在句首加 DontDont let him go !别让他走 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + not + 其他成分Let him not go ! (同上)有些可用No 开头,以表示禁止性的祈使句。No smoking ! 禁止吸烟 No fishing ! 禁止钓鱼NO parking ! 禁止泊车 NO photos ! 禁止拍照 精讲精练一用所给词的适当形式填空1. _( put )on your coat ! Its cold outside !2. _( not be ) late for school ,please !3. _( not read ) books in the bed !4. Lets_( have ) classes ._ ( not talk ),please !5. _ (not look ) out of the window .Its too dangerous. 6. Please _ ( open ) the door !7. _ ( look ) at the blackboard , please !8. Please _( not watch ) TV so much ,Sam!9. _( let ) me _( have ) a look at you new photos !10. _ let the naughty boy _ ( go ) out at night .11. Let the boy _ ( not go ) out at night .补充讲解:please在祈使句中的应用如果在祈使句中加上please , 可使整句话听起来更有礼貌、更客气、更委婉些。例句: Turn down the radio!把音量调小!语气中显得稍有不满 Turn down the radio , please ! 请将收音机音量调小委婉建议Please可放在谓语之前,不用逗号分开:也可放在句尾,但此时要用逗号号隔开例句: Pass me the ball , please ! 请把球递给我 Please dont forget the meeting ! 请别忘记开会精讲精练二 一、按要求该写句子: 1, Tom is sitting on the desk .(变成否认祈使句) _ 2. Open the window , please .(同上) _ 3. Be standing in the rain . (同上) _ 4. Please dont take down the picture . (变成肯定祈使句) _ 5. Please read the text . (变成否认祈使句) _ 二、英译汉:1.不要在课堂上讲话。 _2. 下次请别迟到了。 _3. 请不要喝太多的水 。 _4. 请不要像这样说。 _5. 不要在墙上画。 _6. 我们去公园吧! _小结:1祈使句的肯定形式 动词原形 + 其他! 动词原形,please!=Please+动词原形 2 否认形式 Dont + 动词原形! Dont + 动词原形, please ! Please + dont +动词原形! 3祈使句中没有does/doesnt 4Let sb. do sh. / Let sb. not do sh.感慨句往年真题: 1. _ cold weather it is ! 09 小六英语竞赛 A.What a B. How C. What D. How a 2.Look ! How _(happy)Kate is laughing ! (09 育才)感慨句的概念用来表示强烈的情感,表示说话人的惊异、喜悦等情绪的句子句末用感慨号它有“两大类型七种句式:一类是由What引导的,3个句式另一类是有How 来引导,4个句式第一局部 What引导的感慨句结构 What 在此是形容词作定语,修饰名词或名词词组 What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语+谓语 ! What a good boy Yongxian is ! Yongxian是个多么好的孩子啊! 形容词 可数名词单 主语 谓语 What an interesting book that is ! 那是一本多么有趣的书啊! 形容词 可数名词单数 主语 谓语 What a fine day it is ! 多么好的一天啊! 形容词 可数名单 主语 谓语 What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语 !What beautiful flowers they are ! 多么漂亮的花啊! 形容词 可数名词复数 主语 谓语What good teachers they are ! 多么好的老师啊! 形容词 可数名词复数 主语 谓语What good children they are ! 多么好的孩子们啊! 形容词 可数名复数 主语 谓语 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语 !What fine weather it is ! 多么好的天气啊! 形容词 不可数名词 主语 谓语What delicious food it is ! 多么可口的食物啊! 形容词 不可数名词 主语 谓语第二局部 How 引导的感慨句结构 How在此是副词,用作状语修饰后面的形容词、副词、动词。 How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语 ! How hot it is today ! 今天的天气多么热啊! 形容词 主语 谓语 How beautiful the flowers are ! 这些花多么美丽啊! 形容词 主语 谓语How tall the boy is ! 那个孩子多么高啊! 形容词 主语 谓语 How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语 !How fast Liuxiang runs ! 刘翔跑得多么快啊! 副词 主语 谓语How hard they work ! 他们工作多么努力啊! 副词 主语 谓语How well he speaks English ! 他英语说得多么好啊! 副词 主语 谓语 How + 主语 + 谓语 ! How time flies ! 光阴似箭!注意:What 或 How 引导的感慨句,在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语、或其他成分。如 : What a good girl ! 多好的一个女孩子啊! 省略了 she is What a good girl she is ! (完整) How cold ! 天气多么冷啊! ( 省略了it is ) How cold it is ! 完整【方法点拨】将陈述句改为感慨句的解题方法 解题时,可以“一判、 二定 、 三移 一判:就是判断出陈述句谓语动词之后的中心词的词性 二定:根据判断的结果来确定引导词中心词是名词引导词就用 What 中心词假设是形容词或副词引导词就用 How 三移:就是将主语和谓语移到后面去精讲精练一 一、单项选择题 1._ delicious the dish is ! (dish 菜) A. What B. How C. What a ( ) 2. _ strange clothes he is wearing ! A.What a B.What C. How a ( ) 3. _ interesting subject it is ! A. What B. How C. What an ( ) 4. _fine weather it is ! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a( ) 5. _ hard he works ! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a( ) 6. _beautiful the flowers are ! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a( ) 7. How _ he played the piano ! A. good B.badly C. bad D. better ( ) 8. _heavy rain it is ! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a( ) 9. _ careless a boy you are ! A. How B. What a C. What ( ) 10. _foggy it was yesterday ! A.What B. What a C. How 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. What a _(boring) film !2. How _(heavy ) it rains !3. What easy _(question)they are !4. How _(late) Ben goes to bed !5. How _ (high) Janet jumps !本次课后练习 一、按要求改写句子(1) You cant play with water .改为否认祈使句 _(2) I can help you .改为肯定祈使句 _(3) Open your books , please .同1 _(4) You must clean your bedroom .同2 _(5) You shouldnt climb the tree .同1 _二、单 项 选 择 1._swimming in the lake ,Mike ! A.Doesnt B. No C. Is D. Does 2. Lets _ listening to the music . A. enjoy B. enjoys C. to enjoy D. enjoying 3. _careful ! There are many snakes in the forest . A. Isnt B. Are C. Be D. Dont 4. Mike and Mary , _play ball here . A. doesnt B.does C. dont D. arent 5._up , or well be late . A. Hurry B.Hurries C. Hurrying D. Dont hurry 三、用what 和how填空 1. _a big horse it is ! 2._ big the horse is !3. _new the books are ! 4._lovely the boy is !5. _well he studies ! 6._delicious moon cakes !7._fat the pigs are ! 8._good students they are !四、用 两 种 方 法 变 感 叹 句1.She is a beautiful girl ._ _ _ _ she is ! _ _the girl is !2.They are big trees ! _ _ the trees are ! _ _ _ they are !五、将 下 列 句 子 改 写 成 感 叹 句1. They stared early . _2. It is a wet day today . _3.The dolphin is playing happily . _4.They waited a long time . _5.The cat is very happy . _6.Mr Wang is a busy man . _7.It is a nice book . _8. We are having a fine day . _9.Your classroom is clean and bright . _There be 句型与have, hasThere be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物或人2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否认句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物或人;have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否认句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否认句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的根本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的根本结构是: Whats + 介词短语?Fill in the blank with “have,hasor “there is , there are1. I_a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk.3. He_a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground.5. She_some dresses. 6. They_a nice garden.7. What do you_? 8. _a reading-room in the building?9. What does Mike_? 10. _any books in the bookcase?11. My father_a story-book. 12. _a story-book on the table.13. _any flowers in the vase?14. How many students_in the classroom?15. My parents_some nice pictures.16. _some maps on the wall.17. _a map of the world on the wall.18. David_a telescope. 19. Davids friends_some tents.20. _many children on the hill.Fill in the blank with “ have, has 1. I_ a nice puppet. 2. He_a good friend.3. They_ some masks. 4. We_some flowers.5. She_ a duck. 6. My father_ a new bike.7. Her mother_a vase. 8. Our teacher_ an English book.9. Our teachers_a basketball.10. Their parents_some blankets11. Nancy_many skirts. 12. David_some jackets.13. My friends_a football. 14. What do you_?15. What does Mike_? 16. What do your friends_?17. What does Helen_? 18. His brother_a basketball.现在进行时一现在进行时态 1.概念: 表示现在正在发生的动作【时态判断的依据:一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing 该句是现在进行时】注意区分将来时的be going to + 动词原形2.结构: be (is, am, are) + doing3.标志语: Look! 、 Listen! 、now二概念: 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语: now, at this time, these days,根本结构: am/is/are + doing否认形式: am/is/are +not+doing一般疑问句: 把be动词放在句首三意义:a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。常与时间状语now, this week, these days 等连用。另外,我们还要注意句中的隐含条件如:look, listen, Its nine oclock等 例: Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom. The student are doing their homework You are working on a farm these days. Who are you waiting for?b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。 例:They are planting trees on the hill these days.c.表示一种重复的动作,带有“厌恶、“赞叹等感情色彩。 例:My brother is always leaving things about注:现在进行时往往与always连用,给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。四、现在分词 动词原形变成现在分词 动词的ing形式有如下方法: A.一般情况在动词后直接加ing: gogoing; washwashing ;flyflying B以不发音的e结尾,去掉e加ing: drivedriving; rideriding C.某些单词要双写词尾的字母: swimswimming; runrunning以下单词要双写:get(得到) forget(忘记) put (放cut切 sit (坐) skip跳绳 shop购物stop停 begin开始 run跑 swim游泳 dig挖一、写出以下动词的现在分词:play_ run_ swim _ make_go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing_ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换:1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否认句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否认答复)_3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线局部进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study.