考研英语长难句解析2.pdf

考研英语长难句解析(11)His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation ofrevealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him tohis decision.词汇突破：analogous类似于Obligation 义务Manner方式Reason推理Reveal揭示(在这个句子中翻译为 展示)Function在这个语境中应该是 职责句子主干：His function is analogous to that of a judge.(各位在问为什么要有that of;analogous是有比较含义的词，所以比较对象要工整!that=function)其他成分：who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manneras possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.定语从句微观分析：who=judge或者就是前面的he,因为两人的职责是类似的所以指代谁都是一样的。这个部分的难点在于你要识别出revealing的宾语revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.in as obvious a manner as possible做的是状语，回想一下昨天我们是怎么处理的：in a manner as obvious as possible用尽可能明显的方式；（,in the manner of a hero 一种英雄的方式）后面的which led him to his decision修饰过程,你问我为什么不修饰reasoning,你自己翻译就知道不通顺了，这是语法解决不了的二义性，从语法上讲都是可以的时候就只有看语境了。参考译文：他的职责与法官相似，他必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。考研英语长难句解析（20）下面是18个表达，大家在写作中可以适时运用到自己的写作中。l .We are cut from the same cloth.我们是同一类人。2.What youre asking is just shy of treason.注意短语：shy o f几乎你要求我做的几乎就是在叛国。3.1 dont like frank.But I hate being in the minority even more.我不喜欢frank,但我更不喜欢做少数派。4.1 am not the big fan of those odds.我不喜欢这样的机率。5.Nobody on this planet wants to see frank under wood go to jail more than Ido.这个世界上没有谁比我更愿意看到frank underwood入狱了。6.You did this to me.是你让我这样的。（你害了我）7.The political landscape shifted.政治的风向变了8.The truth is a powerful thing.真相往往是最有力的。9.Havent you built a fortune by minimizing risk?难道你没有通过最小化风险来积累你的财富？10.Walker is a junk bond quickly depreciating,whereas I can end the conflictwith China and keep you in the black.注意短语：in the black赚钱Walker就是一个垃圾股而且在迅速贬值。但是我可以让你结束和中国的冲突，让你赚钱。这样可能会让你稍微好受一些。12.Puccinis a downer.Puccin是一个悲观者；13.Compelling reason充分的理由14.Those things have a strong pull on someone like me.这些事情对我这样的人很有吸引力15.No matter how strong the wind blows against us.无论情况对我们有多么的不利16.You will find enclosed on a separate sheet a wish lists for our future.你可以在另外一张纸上看到我对未来的愿望清单。17.1 wanted you to know beyond a shadow of a doubt that I will side with you.注意短语：side w ith 支持我希望你毫不怀疑的相信，我是支持你的。18.1 can never fill your shoes.我永远比不上你考研英语长难句解析（29）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar tohistorical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the variousbranches of historical inquiry.主干识别：There is no agreement其他成分：whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historicalwork in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches ofhistorical inquiry.主语agreement的同位语Whether methodology refers to.or to.the concepts 后面的形容词短语 peculiar to historical work in general 是它的定语;the research techniques 后面的形容词短语 appropriate to the various branchesof historical inquiry 也是作定语。翻译点拨：There is no agreementThere b e 句式的翻译，补充出主语人们，因此可以翻译为：人们对此意见不同位语可以提前翻译;词汇处理：agreement统一的意见，一致看法whether.refers to.or to.是指.还是指.the concepts/peculiar to/historical work/in general（按后置定语的顺序倒译）一般性的历史研究中的特有概念the research techniques 研究手段appropriate t o适用于，合适于the various branches 各个领域historical inquiry 历史探究methodology 方法论参考译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。考研英语长难句解析（68）一、介词（一）好像：They enteredthe building disguised as cleaners.（二）作为，当作：I am tempted to define“journalism“as a term of contempt.我禁不住将新闻业定义为一个蔑视的称谓。（betemptedto直译为 被诱惑，但是用I做主语的时候转译为：禁不住，愿意，会等）He has elected the activity of thinking as his primary duty.他已经选择了思考的行为作为他主要的责任（elect=choose）His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.他作为音乐评论家的声誉一直饱受争议。二、副词（一）l.As（副词）+形容词或副词+as（介词）+名 词（构成比较结构）The dress is twice as expesive as that one.（倍数加在第一个as前）I haven/t known him as long as you.=I havent known him as long as you（have done）.我认识他的时间没有你认识他的时间久。2.AS（副词）+形容词或副词+as（连词）+句子（构成比较结构）（l）He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone.他的样子和他在电话中说话的声音所反映的病情是一样的。（2）His eyes arent quite as blue as they lookin the film.他的眼睛不像在电影里见到的那样蓝。IQ tests are not given as often as theyused to be.智商测试不像以前那样经常被使用了。（三）As（副词）：像，如，和 无不同。As beforehe remained unmoved.和过去一样，他无动于衷。三、连词（一）表时间她梳头的时候我一直看着她（二）表原因（常放在句首）As you werent there I left a message.因为你不在那里，我留了个信儿。（三）表 示 让 步（常放在形容词或者副词后）Simple as the picture is,the symbolic meaningbehind it is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很简单，但是其背后的寓意却非常深刻。（四）表示方式They did as I had asked.他们是按照我的要求做的。四、关 系 代 词（在牛津词典中还是归结在连词中，但是在理解的时候理解为代词更容易，所以一直都用代词词性进行讲解）As（关系代词指代后面的句子）is shown above,+主句如上图所示，现在再来看这个句子：Nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to thescientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to beblamed for discriminating against theodd balls“among researchers in favor of moreconventional thinkers who work well with the team.前半句中的asas.就不再是比较结构了，你识别出来了吗？这里第二个as是关系代词，指代的是：regularity and conformity to a standardpattern;调整一下语序就是:If regularity and conformity to a standard pattern as the writing of scientistspapers would appear to reflect are as desirable to him,As desirable中的a s为副词，如如果，科学家的论文写作中所反映出的对于标准模板的一致性和规则性，（如果，科学家的论文写作中所反映出来的对于标准模板的遵从和一致，）正是他们所想要的话，那么后半句顺便再说一下是个倒装：management is not to be blamed for discriminating against the“odd balls”among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with theteam.考研英语长难句解析（46）But the individualist approach,by attacking gender roles,denying thesignificance of physiological difference,and condemning existing familial institutionsas hopelessly patriarchal,has often simply treated as irrelevant the family rolesimportant to many women.词汇突破：individualist approach个人主义的方法gender roles性别角色physiological difference 生理区别condemn 指责familial institutions 家庭制度irrelevant不相干，无关紧要hopelessly无可救药的，毫无希望的patriarchal父权制度句子解析:句子主干：the individualist approach has often simply treated the family roles asirrelevant这个地方你需要识别出：treat的宾语是the family rolesas irrelevant这里做的是补语，你一定要觉得是状语也无所谓。反正语序就应该是我写的那样的。Treat sth as 把某物当做是；认为某物是；其他成分：by attacking gender roles,(by)denying the significance of physiological difference,and(by)condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal 三个并列的状语，你一定要觉得是定语其实也无所谓，只是你要知道(ing的动作发出者都是 individualist approach)还有一个难点，看好了：important to many women.句子做定语修饰前面的 family rolesfamily roles important to many women对许多妇女而言非常重要的家庭角色参考译文：而个人主义的方法由于(by)攻击性别角色，否定生理差别的重要性，指责现存的家庭体制是不可救药的父权制，进而简单的把对许多妇女而言非常重要的家庭角色视为无关紧要了。考研英语长难句解析（42）The first two industrial revolutions inflicted plenty of pain but ultimatelybenefited everyone.The digital one may prove far more divisive.词汇突破：inflict使.遭受;Divisive 争议参考译文:前两次工业革命曾带来了巨大的痛苦，但是最终使大家都受益了。这次的数字革命可能是最有争议的了。radical change巨大的改变参考译文：大多数人对巨大的改变会感到不安，而且常常有正当的理由。Whether the digital revolution will bring mass job creation to make up for itsmass job destruction remains to be seen.参考译文：数字革命是否能创造出大量的工作机会来弥补其即将毁掉的工作还不得而知。The beneficial effects of the digital revolution参考译文：数字化革命带来的好处来的比较缓慢。词汇突破：Exceptional growth巨大的增长Negligible可忽略的；in other words 换句话讲参考译文：换句话讲，巨大的增长在变得不可管理之前，看起来都是可忽略的。The digital revolution is opening up a great divide between a skilled and wealthyfew and the rest of society.参考译文：数字革命使得有技术的人以及少数的富人与社会中的其他人之间的产生了巨大的鸿沟。考研英语长难句解析(14)词汇突破：A long-held view长久以来的观点Dictated 主导Dominated 主导Imperial policy 帝国政策expansionist militarist objective扩张主义的军事目标（顺便说一下：名词也可以做定语:eligibility age=eligible age）结构分析：主干识别:A long-held view has been that.and that.其他成分：of the history of the English colonies that became the United States（view 的修饰成分）a change to more imperial policy,dominated by expansionist militarist objective,generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.表语从句二彳散观分析：of the history of the English colonies that became the United States后来变成美国的英国殖民地的历史（够饶的）a change to more imperial policy,dominated by expansionist militarist objective,generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.表语从句二主干：a change to more imperial policy generated the tensions thatultimatelyled to the American Revolution.其他成分:,dominated by expansionist militarist objective,（这里主要从语义入手就好了，说其实定语和状语都是可以的）参考译文：对于后来成为了美国的英国殖民地，人们一直以来持有下面的观点：L在1763年之前，英国对于这些殖民地的政策被经济利益所支配。2.之后在扩张主义的军事目标的左右下转向了一种帝国政策，这样形成了一种紧张局势,并最终导致了美国革命。考研英语长难句解析(31)In Europe this process took a little longer,mainly because there were moresmall producers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive,and in other parts ofthe world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to soundproduction for a few more years(though cinemas in major cities may have beenwired in order to play foreign sound films).句子解析：第一个主句：this process took a little longerIn Europe 状语mainly because there were more small producers 状语；for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive 定语修饰 producers;第二个主句：problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift tosound production状语:for a few more years(though cinemas in major cities may have beenwired in order to play foreign sound films).词汇点拨:small producers小型电影公司Right版权access to equipment 获取设备prohibitive和价格和成本连用表示：价格昂贵shift to sound production往有声电影的转变wired接通了声音（根据上下文而来）成分点拨：In Europe this process took a little longer,在欧洲这一过程花的时间会长一些；再翻原因状语：mainly because there were more small producers 主要是因为欧洲有更多的小型的电影公司，接着翻定语从句：for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive对于他们来讲，音效的成本过于昂贵接着翻下一个并列句:in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayedthe shift to sound production for a few more years 在世界的其他地区，版权和获取设备而造成的问题将有声电影的出品推后了好几年。参考译文：在欧洲这一过程花的时间会长一些，主要是因为欧洲有更多的小型的电影公司，对于他们来讲，音效的成本过于昂贵;在世界的其他地区，版权和获取设备而造成的问题将有声电影的出品推后了好几年。考研英语长难句解析（61）If the journalism did notice the essence of this issue,it would open up itsdiversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporterswho differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.词汇突破：diversity多样性differ不同（不及物动词）：不例.Tastes differ.萝卜青菜各有所爱。outlook世界观values价值观长难句解析：主干识另F：it would open up its diversity program and look for reporters.并歹动词（再次强调寻找并列的重要性。）其他成分：If this group did notice the real difference 状语从句;now focused narrowly on race and gender 过去分词短语;还原为句子就是：Now the diversity program is focused narrowly on race andgender.定语从句作后置定语：who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,andclass.难点揭秘：后置定语过长，影响对并列动词的识别造成阅读的难点。参考译文：如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，新闻界应该进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层都大相径庭的各种记者。考研英语长难句解析（24）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around theworld to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dateswhen we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.主干识别：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchersaround the world.其他成分：to produce a unique millennium technology calendar 状语that gives the latest dates 状语中名词 calendar 的定语从句when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to takeplace.前面定语中latest dates的定语从句（通常when之前出现时间名词就是定语从句;有同学疑惑害怕误判定语从句和状语从句，其实不用担心，在考研英语中这两种从句总是要切开独立成句的。主要别切错就好!）词汇突破：Pearson皮尔森（人名音译）pieced together 汇集;综合around the world世界各地，全世界produce 编制a unique millennium technology calendar 个独特的技术千年历the latest dates 最近日期key breakthroughs重大突破，关键性突破定语从句的处理：可以后置单独成句，也可以翻译为前置定语；a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when wecan expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。参考译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。考研英语长难句解析（60）Unlike the east coast,with its party machines and opaque movements of money,California/s love of direct democracy,which weakens parties and allows individuals tobe recalled from office,was supposed to keep politicians honest.词汇突破：opaque不透明的direct democracy直接民主。指公民直接参与、讨论、决定和管理国家与社会事务的民主形式。be recalled from office 被弹劾长难句解析：主干识另：Californias love of direct democracy was supposed to keeppoliticians honest.其他成分：Unlike the east coast,状语with its party machines and opaque movements of money 状语（原因）its=east coast（指代一般是往前指代）which weakens parties and allows individuals to be recalled from office 定语从句修饰主语(Californias love of direct democracy)参考译文：加州与东部沿海各州是不一样的，因为在东部有政党的机器和不透明的资金流动，而加州对于直接民主的挚爱削弱了各党派的力量，使个人能直接被弹劾，进而被认为能使政客们保持诚实。考研英语长难句解析（58）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs hisactivity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to anexploration of rules of conduct in business.词汇点拨：primary首要的moral code道德原则/规范Govern管理，支配，统治dedicate ones energies to sth 致力于某事exploration探索，探究句子解析：还是not.any more than结构，还是把句子拆分：A=But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs hisactivityB=a businessman is(not)expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration ofrules of conduct in business.参考译文：但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同(我们)不能指望商人会致力于探索行业规范一样。KK友情提示：Not.any more than,从结构上我们已经掌握了，再从表意功能上看，我们其实可以知道，这个结构很多时候就是为了把两个表示否定的句子连接起来而已。第二个句子所表述的事实往往是被读者所熟悉的，和接受的,这样能更好的表达第一个句子的意思。再提醒一下，这个结构中的not,可以不是n o t,可以是其他的否定词，n。,few,hardly,never,nobody 都可以；同学们试着看看下面的句子:考研英语长难句解析（43）The United States is the most powerful colossus in the history of the world:Ournuclear warheads could wipe out the globe,our enemies tweet on iPhones,and kidsworldwide bop to Beyonce.Yet lets get real.All this hasn/t benefited all Americans.Anewly released global index finds that America falls short,along with other powerfulcountries,on what matters most:assuring a high quality of life for ordinary citizens.As Porter notes,Americans generally understand that we face economicimpediments such as declining infrastructure,yet were frozen.We appreciate thatour education system is a mess,yet were passive.词汇突破：1.colossus 大国2.tweet（动词）Twitter3.bop舞动身体4.falls short做的不够好5.impediment 障碍6.infrastructure基础设施建设7.passive消极应对8.appreciate 理解;了解到9.mess混乱10.wipe out 消灭句子解析：第一句：The United States is the most powerful colossus in the history of theworld:Our nuclear warheads could wipe out the globe,our enemies tweet oniPhones,and kids worldwide bop to Beyonce.参考译文：美国是有史以来影响力的大国：我们的核弹头能把整个地球夷为平地，我们的敌人用iPhone上Twitter,全世界的孩子都跟随碧昂斯(Beyonc)的音乐舞动身体。第二句：Yet lets get real.参考译文：不过还是认清现实吧。第四句：All this hasnt benefited all Americans.参考译文：这一切并不能让每一个美国人都受益。第五句：A newly released global index finds that America falls short,along withother powerful countries,on what matters most:assuring a high quality of life forordinary citizens.参考译文：最新发布的一项全球指数表明，美国和其他大国一样，在最重要的事情上做得还不够好，即：让普通人过上高品质的生活。第六句：As Porter notes,Americans generally understand that we faceeconomic impediments such as declining infrastructure,yet were frozen.参考译文：正如波特所言，美国人都知道，我们面对着基础设施走下坡路等种种经济障碍，但我们一动不动。第一匕句：We appreciate that our education system is a mess,yet were passive.参考译文：我们意识到我们的教育体系一团糟，但我们消极以对。考研英语长难句解析（44）Anyone considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms ofolder art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory,so that they should be morein turn with the changing times,and anyone who does not quail（害怕）at the prospectof seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function,will find spiritual kinship,observing Borromini.词汇突破：Borromini博罗里尼（的建筑）spiritual kinship精神上的相似性;kinship亲属关系;血缘关系句子解析：句子主干：Anyone and anyone will find spiritual kinship.次主干：1.considering taking part in a work of transformation of those