2023届上海市高考英语模拟试卷笔试部分（iRead23010）含详解.pdf
2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷I.Listening comprehension略II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.Forthe blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one wordthat best fits each blank.Cats are actually surprisingly bad at catching ratsIf you are annoyed by rats,think twice about getting a cat.A cat might lead to the appearance of a rat-free home,but itturns out that the rats are still there.They are just keeping a low profile.“Cats are not the natural enemy of rats,“says Michael Parsons of Fordham University,New York.t4They prefer smallerprey.”His team (study)a rat colony at a recycling plant in New York in the past few years.When cats moved intothe plant last year,the researchers were disappointed,but decided to set up cameras 2(monitor)the area.Over five months,they saw just three attempts by cats to catch rats,only two of 3 succeeded.Cats have good reasons to be cautious.The common rat has large teeth that can give a painful bite and carry lots ofdiseases.They also 4(weigh)340 grams on average一compared with 25 grams for a mouse.Parsons thinks that only starving cats will attempt to catch rats,5 the rats are sick or injured.The two rats6(kill)during the teams study may have been weakened by eating poisoned food,he says.However,cats do have a big influence on rat behaviour.44Rats overestimate the risk caused by cats,“says Parsons.Histeam found that when cats are in the area,rats spend much more time in 7(hide)and move around cautiously.Thatmeans they are much less likely to be seen by people,which could explain 8 most people wrongly think cats aregood at killing rats.S ome cat owners may 9(convince)their pets are excellent ratters.But Parsons has found that many peoplemistake mice 10 rats.That said,it is possible there are a few exceptional cats that do take on healthy,adult rats,hesays.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note thatthere is one word more than you need.A.contributors B.describing C.distinct D.favorites E.invitations F.limitsG.name H.pleasurable L recall J.unexplored K.usefulThe unique joy of learning new wordsWith all thats happening in the news,life can feel like an exercise in determining the particular kind of bad we areexperiencing.Are we anxious or depressed?Lonely or stressed?Tim Lomas,a senior lecturer in positive psychology at the University of East London,is engaged in the opposite effort:analyzing all the types of well-being that he can find.S pecifically,Lomas is seeking to uncover psychological insights bycollecting untranslatable words that describe 11 feelings we dont have terms fbr in English.Its almost like eachone is a window onto a new landscape,Lomas says.S o far,with the help of many 12 he has collected nearly1,000 in what he calls a positive lexicography(词典学)People are fascinated with untranslatable words in part because they are 13:How else could we talk to eachother about the guilty pleasure of schadenfreude?But Lomas also sees them as a means of showing us“new possibilities fbrways of living,describing them as 14 for people to experience happy phenomena that may previously have been“hidden from them“or to take delight in feelings they couldnt previously 15.Consider the Japanese ohanami,aword for gathering with others to appreciate lowers.Linguists(语言学家)have long argued about how much the language we speak-partly determined by factors likegeography and climate 16 the thoughts we are capable of having or the actions we can take.The worlds inwhich different societies live are 17 worlds not merely the same world with different labels attached,wrote thetheorist Edward S apir.S tudying the words in Lomas collection,at the least,is a means of reflecting on ways that we can feel good.Whenasked fbr one of his 18,the psychologist lists the German Femweh,which describes a longing to travel to distantlands,a kind of homesickness fbr the 19.Also delightful is the Danish m o rg e n f ris k,20 thesatisfaction one gets from a good nighfs sleep,and the Latin otium,highlighting the joy of being in control of ones owntime.ILL Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,Cand D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Most forms of conventional advertising-print,radio and broadcast television-have been losing ground to onlineads for years;only billboards,dating back to the 1800s,and TV ads are holding their own.S uch out-of-home advertising,asit is known,is expected to 21 by 3.4%in 2022,and digital out-of-home(DOOH)advertising,which includes theLCD screens found in airports and shopping malls,by 16%.S uch ads draw viewers5 attention from phones and cannot beskipped or 22、unlike ads online.Billboard owners are also 23 the location data that are pouring off peoples smartphones.Information abouttheir owners5 locations and online browsing gets collected and sold to media owners.They then use these data to work outwhen different groups “business travellers,say walk by their ads.That 24 is added to insights into traffic,weather and other external data to produce highly relevant ads.DOOH 25 can deliver ads for coffee when it iscold and iced drinks when it is warm.S uch 26 works particularly well when it is accompanied by“programmatic“advertising methods,a term thatdescribes the use of data to automate and improve ads.In the past year billboard owners such as Clear Channel andjcDecaux have 27 programmatic platforms which allow brands and media buyers to select,purchase and place adsin minutes,rather than days or weeks.It is said that outdoor ads will increasingly be bought like online ones,based onaudience and views as well as 28That is possible because billboard owners claim to be able to 29 how well their ads are working eventhough no“click-through rates are involved.Data firms can tell advertisers how many people walk past individualadvertisements at particular times of the day.Advertisers can estimate how many individuals 30 to an ad fbr ahandbag then go on to visit a nearby shop(or website)and buy the product.S uch metrics make outdoor adsmore 31-driven,automated and measurable,argues Michael Provenzano,co-founder of Vistar Media,an ad-techfirm in New York.However,the outdoor-ad revolution is not 32-free.The collection of mobile-phone data raises privacyconcerns.And 33 of the online-ad business for being vague,and occasionally dishonest,may also be targeted atthe OOH business as it becomes bigger and more complex.The industry is ready to 34 such concerns,says Jean-Christophe Conti,chief executive of VIOOH,a media-buying platform.One of the 35 of following the oniine-adpioneers,he notes,is learning from their mistakes.21.A.shrinkB.growC.disappearD.emerge22.A.obtainedB.blockedC.separatedD.arranged23.A.making progress inB.getting engaged inC.becoming part ofD.taking advantage of24.A.valueB.recordC.knowledgeD.feeling25.A.opponentsB.providersC.learnersD.instructors26.A.addingB.collectingC.targetingD.producing27.A.changedB.forbiddenC.clearedD.launched28.A.marketingB.evolutionC.locationD.branding29.A.measureB.wonderC.noticeD.forget30.A.devotedB.opposedC.relatedD.exposed31.A.conceptB.dataC.customerD.research32.A.stressB.conflictC.injuryD.problem33 A.aspectsB.demandsC.criticismsD.details34.A.addressB.shareC.reflectD.emphasize35.A.benefitsB.difficultiesC.challengesD.conditionsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Kim Hyo Jin,a shy junior high school student,stood before her American teacher.The smiling teacher held up a greenpepper and asked in clear English:What is this?”“Pecmang!”answered the S outh Korean teenager,who then covered her mouth with a hand as if to stop too late 一the Korean word that had left her mouth.Embarrassed,she tried again.Without looking the teacher in the eye,she held both her hands out and asked,this timein English:May I have green pepper?”Kim took the vegetable with a bow,and ran back to her classmates,feeling relieved that she had successfully taken asmall first step toward overcoming what S outh Koreans consider one of their biggest weaknesses in global competitiveness:the fear of speaking in English to westerners.Kim was among 300 junior high school students going through a weeklong training in this new“English Village.Thecomplex looks like a mini-town transplanted from a European country to this S outh Korean countryside.It has its ownimmigration office,city hall,bookstore,cafeteria,gym,a main street with Western storefronts,police officers and a live-inpopulation of 160 native English speakers.All signs are in English,the only language allowed.Here,on a six-day course that charges each student 80,000 won,or$82,pupils check in to a hotel,shop,take cookinglessons and make music videos all in English.There are language policemen around,punishing students speakingKorean with a fine in the village currency or red dots on their village passports.S outh Korea has become one of the most aggressive countries in Asia at teaching English to its citizens.Outside theschool system,parents are paying an estimated 10 trillion won a year to help their children learn English at home or abroad.Nevertheless,many college graduates are afraid of chatting with native speakers.That,linguists say,is a result of a nationalschool system that traditionally stresses reading and memorization of English grammar and vocabulary at the expense ofconversation.In Korea University of S eoul,30 percent of all classes are now in English.S peaking English with a native accent hasbecome a status symbol.36.What was Kim Hyo Jins problem?A.S he spoke English with a Korean accent.B.S he dared not talk with westerners in English.C.S he was afraid of looking at her English teacher.D.S he kept staying with her Korean classmates.37.Which of the following is true of the English Village”?A.It is located in a European country.B.It houses 460 Korean students in a week.C.S tudents will be punished for not speaking English.D.S tudents take turns to serve as language policemen.38.What can be learned about the way that Korean students learn English at school?A.There arent enough English classes given to students.B.S tudents dont have enough chances to practise speaking.C.Emphasis is placed on students ability to communicate.D.Grammar and vocabulary is taught by old-fashioned methods.39.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Lets Read in English B.English as a Global LanguageC.A Hunger for English Lessons D.Change in Koreans Attitude to English(B)The livelihood of each species depends on the existences of other organisms.This interdependence is sometimesvague,sometimes obvious.Perhaps the most straightforward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites,organisms that live on or in other living things and get nutrients directly from them.The parasitic way of life is widespread,A number of micro-organisms(including viruses and bacteria)and an army of invertebrates(无脊椎动物)make their livingsdirectly at the expense of other creatures.In the face of this attack,living things have evolved a variety of defensemechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.Certain fungi(真菌)and even some kinds of bacteria release substances known as antibiotics into their externalenvironment.These substances are capable of killing or preventing the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupythe area,thus eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients.The same principle is used in defense against invaders inother groups of organisms.For example,when attacked by disease-causing fungi or bacteria,many kinds of plants producechemicals that help to fight off the invaders.Members of the animal kingdom have developed a variety of defense mechanisms for dealing with parasites.Althoughthese mechanisms vary considerably,all major groups of animals are capable of detecting and reacting to the presence of“fbreign cells.In fact,throughout the animal kingdom,there is evidence that transplants of cells or parts of tissues into ananimal are accepted only if they come from closely related individuals.The ability to distinguish between“self and nonself while present in all animals,is most efficient amongvertebrates,which have developed an immune system as their defense mechanism.The immune system recognizes andtakes action against foreign invaders and transplanted tissues that are treated as foreign cells.40.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.How organisms react to invaders.B.How parasites reproduce themselves.C.How antibiotics work to cure disease.D.How the immune systems of vertebrates developed.41.According to the passage,some organisms produce antibiotics in order to.A.aid digestionB.fight off other organismsC.prevent disease in humansD.create new types of nutrients42.According to the passage,the ability to distinguish between self and“nonself enables vertebrates to.A.get rid of antibioticsB accept transplanted cellsC.detect and react to invasionD.weaken their immune system（C）As Frans de Waal,a prirnatologist（灵长动物学家），recognizes,a better way to think about other creatures would be toask ourselves how different species have developed different kinds of minds to solve different adaptive problems.S urely theimportant question is not whether animals can do the same things humans can,but how those animals solve the cognitive（认矢口的）problems they face,like how to imitate the sea floor.Children and some animals are so interesting not becausethey are smart like us,but because they are smart in ways we havent even considered.S ometimes studying childrens ways of knowing can cast light on adult-human cognition.Childrens pretend play mayhelp us understand our adult taste for fiction.De WaaPs research provides another interesting example.We human beingstend to think that our social relationships are rooted in our perceptions,beliefs,and desires,and our understanding of theperceptions,beliefs,and desires of otherswhat psychologists call our“theory of mind.In the 80s and 90s,developmentalpsychologists showed that pre-schoolers and even infants understand minds apart from their own.But it was hard to showthat other animals did the same.Theory of mind became a candidate for the special,uniquely human trick.Yet de WaaPs studies show that chimps（黑猩猩）possess a remarkably developed political intelligencethey are muchinterested in figuring out social relationships.It turns out,as de Waal describes,that chimps do infer something about whatother chimps see.But experimental studies also suggest that this happens only in
