考研英语长难句全精析100句.pdf

几点说明:1.这是按照出版社要求编排的长难句分析也就是说这是出版书籍的标准和网络其他材料不可同日而语；2.知识有价，这本书市场订价会在30元左右，而你们是自主定价买来的希望你们拷给同学的时候也能自主定价卖给ta，哪怕是象征性的；3.程晓版权所有。我为了方便大家排版精缩印刷直接把word发上来了,一般是肯定要变成图片版的。不管怎样，我希望你们保留程晓版权所有这个文件名。4.近300页，近9万 字,大半年的潜心编写，怎么订价，悉听尊便。每日一句第1期英文原句：A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long asthey want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting theother participants down.任务1）句子 成 分 分 析（可直接在原句上标注）任务2）结合下方核心词汇讲解与生词查阅，对句子进行翻译任务3）对比下方语法分析与参考翻译，再次对原句进行精读理解，并改进译文翻 译：原句核心词汇精解：1）variety,不可数名词，表 示“多 样 化,多 样 性”固定搭配：a variety o f,表示多样化的，多 样 性 的”写作模仿:Nowadays,a variety of entertainment programs appear on TV,through which anincreasing number of film stars and singing stars get an enormous amount of exposure toteenagers.当今，越来越多的影星和歌星经常在各种各样的电视节目中出镜，这使得他们在青少年面前的曝光率大大增加。构词分析：variety=var-（不同/变化）+ety（表性质，状态的后缀）同根词常见的还有：various=var+ous（形容词后缀尸各种各样的,vary（动 词：不同，有差异variable=vari+able（形容词：易变的）2）participant,可数名词，表 示“参与者”，动词形式为：participate,搭配为：participatein,例:Over half the population of this country participate in sport.4）remain,这里作系动词，表 示“仍然是，保持不变”后面常接形容词：remain active/silent/standing/unchanged此外remain还常作名词，表示 剩余物，残骸，遗迹，遗体”例：They were tidying up the remains of their picnic.5）else,这里作动形容词，表 示“其他的，别 的”，常用于anywhere,someone等词后面6）dow n,这里作动形容词，表示沮丧的，情绪失落的”语法分析：A variety of activities should be organized.1、句子主干一A variety of activities should be organized2、so th at引导目的状语从句，可 翻 译 成：为 了，以便于3、状语从句主干一participants can remain active and then go on to something else4、（as long as they want）asas弓|导的同级比较状语从句用来表述“remain active”的程度5X without.and without.without+动名词的复合结构作伴随状语表示这种动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的；如本句中的伴随状语是伴随着goon发生的语 法 补 充：在so that/in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can/could/may/might/will/would/should+dooHe goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear the speaker clearer.He reads the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.写作模仿：sb.should do sth.so that sb.may/can do sth.某人需要做某事为了/以便于例：Each individual should attach importance to environmental protection and energyconservation so that we may make the earth a better place for our children.为了给子孙后代们创造一个好的环境，我们每一个人都应该重视环境保护和能源节约。参考译文：成年人应该组织多样化的活动以便于参加者（在一个活动中）想活跃多久就多久，（如果一个活动他们不想待了）他们就可以去其他活动，而不用感到内疚也不会让其他人失望。翻译点睛：为了更符合汉语的表达习惯，将英文的被动句处理成汉语的主动句是常见思路,同时可以考虑增加加 我们、人们或上下文中能发现的主语”来作句子的主语。每日一句第2期英文原句：However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that itwould be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,for example,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,displaying studentartwork,and sponsoring book discussion clubs.任务1）句子成分分析（可直接在原句上标注）任务2）结合下方核心词汇讲解与生词查阅，对句子进行翻译任务3）对比下方语法分析与参考翻译，再次对原句进行精读理解，并改进译文翻 译：原句核心词汇精解：1)publish,动词，表示 出版，刊 印”，此外还常表示“公布，发 布”publisher名词：出版者，发行人2)newsletter,名词,表 示“内部通讯稿,简 报 3)review,这里作名词，表 示“评论文章(尤指对书和电影等)，此外作名词还常表示“评审，检 阅，复习课“，作动词常表示“写评论，审核，检阅，复 习”全球性的自然科学杂志常以review命 名，如Physical Review Letters物理评论快报4)display,这里作动词，表 示“陈列、展 示“，此外作名词表示“陈 列，展 示，展 览”5)sponsor,这里作动词，表 示 发 起、主 办“，同时作动词还有 赞助、资助”的意思。此外作名词表示“发 起 人，主 办 者，保 证 人”写作模仿：It is wise to sponsor book discussion clubs to inspire students to read more.为了鼓励学生们多阅读，组织发起一个读书讨论俱乐部是一个明智的做法。语 法 分 析：However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that itwould be wise to plan activities(in which there are more winners than losers),forexample,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,displayingstudent artwork,and sponsoring book discussion clubs.1、主句主干一the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with much competition2、so.that引导结果状语从句,可 翻 译 成：如此以至于3、状语从句主干一it would be wise to plan activities,it是形式主语，真正的主语是to planactivities,即：to plan activities would be wise,为了避免“头 重 脚 轻”从而使句子更加紧凑，我们往往引入形式主语4、(in which there are more winners than losers)为定语从句修饰activities,which 指代activities5、横线部分为动名词词组，组成三个并列的例子参 考 译 文：但 是，典型的青少的生活中已经充满了如此多的竞争，以至于多安排一些“获胜者多失败者少（淡化竞争）的活动”（才）是明智之举，比如以通讯稿的形式出版一些学生写的读后感，举办学生艺术品展览，发起读书讨论会等。每日一句第3期英文原句：Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in thepatient-too o仕 en o仔 er aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.任务1）句子成分分析（可直接在原句上标注）任务2）结合下方核心词汇讲解与生词查阅，对句子进行翻译任务3）对比下方语法分析与参考翻译，再次对原句进行精读理解，并改进译文翻 译：原句核心词汇精解：1）physician,这里作名词，表示 内科医生surgeon,名 词：外科医生2）frustrated,来自于动词：frustrate,使灰心；挫败；这里作形容词，表 示“令人灰心的“写作模仿：Frustrated and pitiful,a young boy who got a low score in a school test isstanding between his father and mother,and abuse from his parents is raining down on hisawful performance in the test.一个考试得了低分的孩子正垂头丧气地站在父母中间，因为自己糟糕的成绩而忍受他们的谩 与。3)inability,这里作名词，表 示“无能为力”词 根：in-是常见的否定前缀：incredible不可相信的，indispensable必不可少的，innocent清白的、无辜的，关于否定前缀：in-常加在形容词，名词之前，如 incorrect不正确的、inability无能 无力、inaccurate不准确的；im-加在字母m,b,p之前，这样的词有impossible不可能的、impolite不礼貌的、impudence厚颜无耻；I 主要加在以1 开头的单词的前边,比如:illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的没有文化的、illogical不合逻辑的；ir-放在以r 开头的英语单词前面，比如irregular不稳定的、irresistible不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的不能解决的；4)aggressive,这里作形容词,表 示“激进的，此外作为形容词也常表示积极的、有进取心的；强有力的”等褒义意思5)treatment,来自于动词：treat,治疗，这里作名词,表 示“治疗手段6)scientifically,自于形容词：scientific,科 学 的，这里作副词，表 示“科 学 的 7)justified,动词justify(证明是正当 的，认为有理)的分词形式写作模仿：S ome local governments try all means to seek rapid economic developmentregardless of causing severe environmental pollution to local areas,as they hold the viewthat after all,the end will justify the means.一些地方政府为了使经济迅速发展而不顾这些发展会给当地居民带来种种环境污染，并坚称结果会证明这样做是有意义的。语 法 分 析：P hysicians-and(fearing loss of hope in thepatient-too)often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.1、主句主干一P hysicians offer aggressive treatment2、frustrated by their inability to cure the disease 过去分词短语作后置定语修饰physicians3X(fearing loss of hope in the patient-too)现在分词短语作后置定语修饰physicians4、横线部分为不定式短语作后置定语修饰i nability5.beyond what is scientifically justified介词结构修饰treatment,what弓|导名词性从句作beyond的宾语参考译文：医生因无力治好这种疾病感到受挫，同时又害怕病人失去希望，(于是)他们往往会采用超出科学合理范围的激进的治疗手段。每日一句第4期上文阅读：Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond,and remain dazzlinglyproductive.At 78,Viacom chairman S umner R edstone jokingly claims to be 53.S upremeCourt Justice S andra Day OConnor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.EverettKoop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.每日一句：These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the healthproblems that come naturally with age.任务1）句子成分分析（可直接在原句上标注）任务2）结合下方核心词汇讲解与生词查阅，对句子进行翻译任务3）对比下方语法分析与参考翻译，再次对原句进行精读理解，并改进译文翻 译：原句核心词汇精解：1 )proof,这里作名词，表示证明，证 据”living proof：活生生的例子写作模仿：Ma Yun is living proof that a person without handsome appearance can alsoachieve great success.同时proof作形容词表示防护的，常用来和名词构成合成形容词：例：S ome sunscreen is water-proof,（防 水 的）or sw eat-proof,（防 汗 的）making it abetter choice if youre swimming一些防晒霜是防水或防汗的，这是游泳更好的选择。2）prevention,动词pre vent（预 防，阻 止）的名词形式，这里表示预防3）naturally,这里作副词，表示自然地语 法 分 析：These leaders are living proof and（that we can manage the healthproblems that come naturally with age）.1、句子主干为：These leaders are living proof2S 同位语从句that prevention works 和（that we can manage the health problems thatcome naturally with age）用来说上月proof3、划线部分that come naturally with age是以that弓|导的定语从句修饰health problems参 考 译 文：这些领导人（的现状）就是活生生的例子，证明了预防（衰 老）是有效的，并且我们能应对随着年龄增长自然而来的健康问题。每日一句第5期英文原句：Therefore,it is important to study humans in a calm and systematic manner,with the hopethat the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmoniousway of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.任务1）句子成分分析（可直接在原句上标注）任务2）结合下方核心词汇讲解与生词查阅，对句子进行翻译任务3）对比下方语法分析与参考翻译，再次对原句进行精读理解，并改进译文翻 译：原句核心词汇精解：1)systematic,名词system(系统)的形容词形式，这里表示“系统的2)manner,这里作名词，表 示“方式、方 法”，此外作名词还常表示“举 止”3)result from,固定搭配，表 示“产生于4)lead.t o,固定搭配，表示 把带到5)harmonious,名词harmony(和谐、融洽)的形容词形式，这里表示“和谐的写作模仿：Only with peoples overall quality improved can we expect to build aharmonious society.只有人们的整体素质提升了，构建和谐社会才有希望实现。语法分析:Therefore,it is important to study humans in a calm and systematic manner,with the hope1、主句主干一it is important to study humans in a calm and systematic manner,it只是形式主语z真正白勺主语是to study humans2、划线部分生蛇 皿 Z介词短语作伴随状语表示该状态伴随着主句动词study同时发生或存在3、为hope的同位语从句具体说明hope4、同位语句的主干一the knowledge can lead humans to a more harmonious way5X(resulting from such studies)现在分词短语作后置定语修饰the knowledge6X of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth介词短语作后置定语修饰way参考译文：因此，用一个冷静、系统的方式来研究人类是非常重要的，(人们)希望通过这些研究得出的知识能够让人类之间能更和谐地相处，也能让人类能够与地球上的所有其他生命更和谐地共存。翻译点睛：with the hope th at.的处理-汉语中情感/心理的表达习惯用动词，而英语是多用名词的语言，因此带有这样一种希望，不如翻译成希望怎么样，那么就需要增加一个主语（常结合上下文找一个泛主语，如 人们、我 们 ）每日一句第6期英文原句：指代上文的一个理论）a theory to which many economists subscribe,but in practice itoften leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish andwhich will fail.任务1）句子成分分析（可直接在原句上标注）任务2）结合下方核心词汇讲解与生词查阅，对句子进行翻译任务3）对比下方语法分析与参考翻译，再次对原句进行精读理解，并改进译文翻 译：原句核心词汇精解：1）economist,这里作名词，表 示“经济学家”，英国有本著名的杂志The Economist（即是我们熟悉的 经济学人）2）subscribe,这里作动词，表示同意，赞 成”，此外作动词还常表示订购，订 阅“固定搭配subscribe to sth 同意/赞成某事写作模仿：In addition,despite the fact that many Chinese people hate Japan,some of whom even callon everyone to boycottg氐制）products made by Japanese which I believe is naive andridiculous,I subscribe to the idea that we,Chinese people,must know that we can learn alot from Japan,not only in science and technology,but also in citizens overall quality andsome fine traditions.另 外，尽管很多中国人憎恨日本，当中的一些人甚至呼吁大家抵制日货，而在我看来这是一种幼稚荒唐的行为。我赞成的是我们中华儿女应该认识到日本有很多值得我们学习的地方，不仅仅是科学技术方面，还包括日本国民的整体素质和他们的一些优良传统。构 词 分 析：subscribe=sub（under）+scrib（write）+e=在单子下面写上自己的名字=v.订阅scrib,script表示 写，常见的的同根词还有：prescribe=pre（预 先）+scrib+e=预先 写 好 的=v.开 药 方；指示，名 词prescription;manuscript=manu（手）+script=手 写 的=n.手 抄 本；原稿3）in the position o f,固定搭配：处于.的地位4）flourish,这里作动词，表 示“繁 荣 ，分 词 形 式：flourishing,表 示 蓬 勃 发 展 的，兴旺的“写作模仿：With the flourishing Chinese e-commerce industry come new problems including Internetfraud（网络诈骗）and Internet theft（网络盗窃）.随着中国电子商务产业的兴盛，包括网络诈骗和网络盗窃在内的这些新问题也不请自来。语法分析：Ifs a theory to which many economists subscribe，but in practice it often leaves railroadsin the position of determining(which companies will flourish and which will fail).1、主句主干一Its a theory but it often leaves railroads in the position.2、to which many economists subscribe 定语从句修饰theory,which 之 前 的to是把subscribe t o 的 to提前，因为正常搭配就是：subscribe to a theory-认同这个理论，而把t。拆开并不影响词义，放在w hich之前表达更为紧密。3、of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail介词短语作后置定语修饰position4、determining的两个宾语从句一(which companies will flourish and which will fail)参考译文：这是一个很多经济学家都认同的理论,但事实上这个理论使得铁路公司处于有权决定什么类型的公司兴盛，什么样的公司衰败的地位。每日一句第7期英文原句：For example,changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth andrising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.任务1）句子成分分析（可直接在原句上标注）任务2）结合下方核心词汇讲解与生词查阅，对句子进行翻译任务3）对比下方语法分析与参考翻译，再次对原句进行精读理解,并改进译文翻 译：原句核心词汇精解：1）lead to,导致，使得，注意这个to 是介词，介词之后加名词，所以是lead to（into）sth./doing sth.,不要写成lead to do sth.彳 列：His carelessness led to his failure.而 lead sb.to do sth.表示 促使/使得某人做某事，如：写作模仿：Nowadays,long working hours and low salary lead many people to quit theirjobs and start their own business on the Internet.如今，过长的工作时间和过低的薪酬使得很多人辞职，并通过互联网创业。另 外：lead sb.to do sth.也可以表示带领某人做某事，如：The guide leads us to walk out of the forest.2）unemployment,失业，常见搭配：unemployment rate,失业率写作模仿：US unemployment Rate is at 5.50%,compared to 5.70%last month and 6.70%last year.美国现在的失业率是5.50%,而上个月是5.70%,去年则是6.70%。3)gainful,赚钱的、有报酬的4)resulting,来自于result的动词词意：由.产生，由引起，5)discontent,不满，肯定形式为：content,满意、满足；但是更多用它来做形容词词性：满足的、知足的，例:to be content with sth./to be content to do sth.,彳 列：S he is quite content to live at home with her parents.同时contented,也表示“满意的，知足的，最主要区别在于：content 一般作表语，而contented可以作定语,所以我们可以说：There was a contented smile on his face.但不能用content smile.语法分析：For example,changes in the economy make gainful(employment)increasingly difficult toobtain.1、主句主干一changes make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain2、that引导的定语修饰changes,该定语从句中for youth和 in general两个介词结构作状语3、(employment)为谓语动词make的宾语4、increasingly difficult to obtain.作employment 的宾补The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.1)句子主干为一discontent may lead more youths into criminal behavior.2)in turn接着/转而，表 示：A怎么了B,B 转而/接着怎么了Co该词组在考研中考察过5次 以 上：真题还原：When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,theycould in turn a仔ord more education.当竞争的环境推动我们的祖先实现这一潜力，他们又可以获得更多的教育机会。写作模仿：Fierce competition makes middle-aged people under greater social pressure than before,who will in turn ask for more from the companies they work for.激烈的竞争使得中年人比之前承受更大的社会压力，而这会促使他们向公司提更多的要求。If parents teach their children how to show love and respect to the old,those children willin turn pass down this virtue to their children.如果父母教育他们的孩子怎么关爱和尊敬老人，那么这些孩子同样会把这些美德传给他们自己的下一代。3)lead sb.to sth.固定搭配：弓|通往例：This door should lead us into the library参 考 译 文：比 如，经济上的变化会导致年轻人的工作机会就减少，整体上失业率提高，那么要找到一个能赚钱的工作就越来越难。由此造成的不满会转而导致更多的青少年走向犯罪的道路。每日一句第8期英文原句：The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient tokeep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.任务1)句子成分分析(可直接在原句上标注)任务2)结合下方核心词汇讲解与生词查阅，对句子进行翻译任务3)对比下方语法分析与参考翻译，再次对原句进行精读理解，并改进译文翻译:原句核心词汇精解：1)explanation,动词explain(解释、说明)的名词形式2)insensitivity,形容词insensitive(不敏感的、迟钝的)的名词形式3)receptor,这里作名词，表 示“感受器构词分析：receptor=re(back)+cept(take)+or(名词后缀尸做 拿回来这个动作 的东西=?妾收器，同词根的单词还有：accept=ac(to)+cept(take)=接受,except=ex(out of)+cept(take)=take ou t=除了这个词根其实有几个变体:ceive-=cep-=cip(t)-=cipate-=take,所以我们有：receive=re(back)+cieve(take)=收到、得到perceive=per(entirely)+ceive(take)=查觉、注意至！anticipate=anti(before)+cipate(take)=预期participate=part+cipate(take)=参与其中语法分析：The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be.1、主句主干一The explanation seems to be that.2、that引导的表语从句3、表语从句主干一the brain finds it inefficient but can create,it形式宾语，真正的宾语是inefficient之后的动词不定式to keep all smell receptors working,keep+doing为固定搭酉己，表示 一直做某事4、if necessary,省略了it is-在条件状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it,从句的谓语动词中有be动 词,i t和b e动词往往可以一起省略。彳 列：Unless(it is)necessary,you*d better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。Whenever(it is)possible,you should come and help.不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。参考译文：人类对嗅觉不敏锐似乎可以被解释为大脑发现让所有的气味感受器一直工作是没有效率的，但是大脑可以在必要的情况下创造新的气味感受器。每日一句第9期英文原句：But science dose provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical thatour nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science canprovide concerning the future consequences of present actions.任务1）句子成分分析（可直接在原句上标注）任务2）结合下方核心词汇讲解与生词查阅，对句子进行翻译任务3）对比下方语法分析与参考翻译，再次对原句进行精读理解，并改进译文翻 译：原句核心词汇精解：1）available,这里作形容词，表 示“可用的，可得到的”availability,名 词：可用性，可获得性 写 作 模 仿：Due to the increasing availability of smart phones,children areoverwhelmingly dependent on technology during their study.由于智能手机的功能越来越多，孩子们在学习中对科技产生了无法抵抗的依赖。2）guide,这里作名词，表示 有指导意义的事物，此外还常作动词，表示指引，指导3)critical,这里作形容词,表示关键的，此外作形容词还常表示批评的，评论的例：critical thinking,批判性思考4)judgment,动词judge(判断)的名词形式5)consequence,可数名词，表 示“结果，形容词形式为：consequently,写作模