2021小升初英语总复习第五讲时态知识点讲解+练习.pdf

第五讲：时态一、【考点解读】英语中，人们在句子表达的过程中，随着时间的变化，谓语动词的形式会发生相应的变化，称之为时态。动词时态共有十六种，小升初常考的时态有五种:一般现在时；一般将来时；一般过去时；现在进行时；现在完成时。小升初考试中要求掌握五种时态的概念、动词变化规则、标志词、句型变化等，重点民办学校在分班考中都会涉及五种时态的用法。二、【知识讲解】五大时态的区别：定义时间状语或标志性词句型结构：肯定句一般疑问句否定句主语主语+系动词H-isnt/arentis/are+表语Are/Is+主语+表语？+表语I am+表语I am not+表1.表频率的副词表示习语一般惯性（often）主语现在的动作2.every+n+don,t+v时或状态3.once a day主语+V（原形）Do+主语+v（原形）.?（原形）4.in summerShe/He/It+vsDoes+she/he/it+v（原She（动词三单形式）形）/He/It+doesnt+V（原形）现在进行时正在发生的动作1 .now2.at the moment3.at thisTime4.祈使句开头主语+am/is are+ving（动词的现在分词形式）Is/Are+主语+ving.?主语+isnt/arent+ving.I am not+ving.将来某个l.next+n主语+will+VWill+主语+V.?主语+wont+V.一般将来时时刻发生的动作或状态2.in+段时间3.含有 tomorrow的词组主语+am/is/are+going to+VIs/Are+主语+going to+v.?主语+isnt/arent+going to+VT 殳过去时过去发生的动作或状态l.last+n2.段时间+ago3.带有 yesterday的词组4.just now主语+was/were+表语主语+VedWas/Were+主语+表语？Did+主语+V（原）.?主语+wasnt/werent+表语主语+didnt+v（原）.1 .already,现在完成时过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者动作的持续2.just,yet3.never,ever4.数词+times5.since+过去时间点6.for+段时间7.by now8.up to now9.so far主语+have/has+doneHave/Has+主语+done.?主语+haven/hasnt+done.lO.in the past+段时间动词变第三人称单数方法动词变过去式或过去分词方法动词变现在分词方法1.一般在词尾直接加S,want-wants like-likes1.一般在词尾直接加ed。want-wanted play-played1.一般直接加ingoread-readingfly-flying2.以 s s h c h x o 结尾的单词加 escatch-catches go-goes do-does1.以不发音e 结尾的单词加dlive-lived love-loved like-liked2.以不发音e 结尾的单词，去 e 加 ingomake-makingcome-coming注 意：see中 ee字母组合发音，see-seeing,snow中 ow 组合发双元音，snow-snowing3.以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变 y 为 i,再加es。study-studies carry-carries2.以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y 为 i,再加edocry-cried try-tried study-studies3.以重读闭音节结尾，构成一元一辅结构，双写尾字母，再加ing。swim-swimmingrun-runningshop-shopping4.特殊变化have-has4.以重读闭音节结尾，构成一元一辅结构，双写尾字母，再加ed。shop-shopped stop-stopped4.ie结尾变成y,再加ingodie-dying lie-lying（躺、撒谎）5.特殊变化 eat-ate see-sawsing-sang do-did知识点1一般现在时一般现在时主要表示现在时间内和与现在时间有联系的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。A一般现在时的运用（概念解读）以及情态动词用法条件例句表示现阶段经常发生的动作I often watch TV at night.表示现阶段经常存在的状态The bench is white now.表示主语的特征、能力或习惯I can speak English.He likes dancing.表达客观事实、普遍真理、格言、引用时等The earth goes around the sun.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。He will fail his exam if he doesnt work hard.I will be a teacher when I grow up.含情态动词示例肯定句I can+V.原.He/She/It can V.原.We/You/They can V.原.否定句【cant V.原He/She/ItcanV.原.We/You/They cant V.原.一般疑问句Can you V.原?Can he/she/it V.原？Can you/you/they V.原？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+can+主语+V.原+？特殊疑问词+can+主语+do+.?（对谓语动词提问）B一般现在时的标志词频度副词：often,usually,always,sometimes,never,seldom,once a week,twice a year,时间词组：every week/day/year/month.on Sundays,in January,in the morning 等。知识点2-般过去时A一般过去时的运用（概念解读）条件例句表示过去某一时刻发生的动作I watched TV with mom last night.表示过去某个阶段经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态He walked to school last three year.Once he was a baby.But now he is a tall man.B 一般过去时的句型构成形式含情态动词示例肯定句I could+V.原.He/She/It could+V.原.We/You/They could+V.原否定句I couldnt V.原He/Shc/It couldnt+V.原.Wc/You/Thcy couldn t+V.原.一般疑问句Could you V.原？Could he/she/it+V.原？Could you/you/they V.+原.？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+couki+主语+V.原+.?特殊疑问词+could+主语+do+.?（对谓语动词提问）C 一般过去时的标志词 ago（two days ago/10 minutes ago/long ago等，表示一段时间的词或词组）yesterday,the day before yesterday（带有 yesterday 的词或词组）last.（last week/year/night/month 等名词）just now,at the age o f.,once upon a tim e,（从前，很久以前），then（那时）,on that day（在那天）用 W hen引导的过去时态的句子做句子中的时间状语知识点3一般将来时A 一般将来时的运用（概念解读）条件例句表示将要发生的动作或状态I will go home tomorrow.The light will be red soon.表示将来某个时间段经常进行的动作或存在的状态We will work at home in the future.Alice will be a teacher in ten years.在时间状语从句和条件句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时（参看一般现在时态讲义）O shall用于将来时代替w ill,只能用于第一人称，而 will可用于所有人称。be going to+V.原形也可以表示将来时，意为“计划/打算做某事”，小升初的“考试”中可能还会涉及这些知识点：1）一些表示“移动”瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将来。如：come,go,leave,fly,arrive,move,start,begin,return等,这几个词是考试的时候经常出现。2）i f 条件句中时态“主将从现”现象，从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。B 一般将来时的标志词1 tomorrow 明天，the day after tomorrow 后天 next+n.（next year/month/week/summer）3 in the future在将来,soon不久/马上,some day（将来的某一天）,thisevening/afternoon/year,tonight 今晚4 in+时间段，表示“一段时间之后 ：例：in two weeks/days/year（对这个短语提问用howsoon）知识点4 现在进行时A 现在进行时的运用（概念解读）条件例句表示说话时正在发生的动作Please be quiet!The baby is sleeping.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作（说话时不一定在进行）She is writing a book these days.（说话时不一定在写）表示即将发生的动作（常用于瞬间动词）The Kings birthday is coming.（生日还没至ij）B 现在进行时的句型构成形式现在进行时句型口诀：主语在前be在后，现在分词跟着走，其他成分不可丢。变一般很简单，把 b e 提到句子前，否定句也不难，be后要把not添。还有一点要注意，动作提问doing替。C 现在进行时的标志词 1）时间状语now、at the moment（此时此刻）；2）句前有提示词Look Listen!Look a t.、其 他 类 似 Be quiet!的祈使句；3）表示现在时间的句子Ifs 8 oclock.等。4）句中出现where is s b?（既可以用现在进行时，也可以用于现在完成时，要结合语境来分析）注：某些表示情感、认知和所属的单词如果要表示目前的动作，不用现在进行时态，而是用一般现在时态。这些词有：like,love,hate,think,believe,miss,have,know 例:1.I didnt like English a few years ago,but now I like it very much.2.I miss you now.3.I have ten books in my bag now.知识点5现在完成时A 现在完成时态的运用条件示例动作发生在过去，持续到现在（可能继续发生，也可能结束）He has lived in Beijing for ten years.他在北京住了十年了。（可能今后继续在北京，也可能说话后有其他打算）动作发生在过去，已经结束，对现在造成了影响或结果。1.She has left.（对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这儿）2.1 have finished my w ork.我的工作做完了。（对现在的影响或结果：现在我没事了。）B 不规则动词过去式、过去分词变化规律1iswasbeen52teartoretom2arewerebeen53wearworeworn3beginbeganbegun54buildbuiltbuilt4drinkdrankdrunk55spendspentspent5ringrangrung56sendsentsent6singsangsung57lendlentlent7swimswamswum58saysaidsaid8sinksanksunk59paypaidpaid9swingswangswung60laylaidlaid10stickstuckstuck61meetmetmet11digdugdug62leadledled12sitsatsat63speedspedsped13givegavegiven64feedfedfed14riseroserisen65speedsped/speeded sped/speeded15drivedrovedriven66feelfeltfelt16writewrotewritten67keepkeptkept17rideroderidden68sleepsleptslept18bitebitbitten69sweepsweptswept19hidehidhidden70leaveleftleft20choosechosechosen71smellsmelt/smelled smelt/smelled21freezefrozefrozen72spellspelt/spelledspelt/spelled22stealstolestolen73letletlet23speakspokespoekn74cutcutcut24breakbrokebroken75hithithit25becomebecamebecome7626comecamecome77hurthurthurt27bringbroughtbrought78costcostcost28buyboughtbought79setsetset29thinkthoughtthought80putputput30fightfoughtfought81readreadread31catchcaughtcaught82spreadspreadspread32teachtaughttaught83burstburstburst33telltoldtold84gowentgone34sellsoldsold85comecamecome35getgotgot86havehadhad36forgetforgotforgotten/87eatateeaten37forgot8838throwthrewthrown89loselostlost39showshowedshown40showed90meanmeantmeant41blowblewblown91learnleantlearnt42growgrewgrown88hearheardheard43knowknewknown89holdheldheld44flyflewflown90winwonwon45drawdrewdrawn91taketooktaken46seesawseen92shakeshookshaken47standstoodstood93makemademade48understand understood understood94runranrunC 现在完成时态的标志词1already（已经）,just（刚好）yet（尚，还）2ever（曾经），never（从来没有），before（以前）3动作发生的次数为标志。4用于从过去开始持续到现在的动作:for+一段时间；since+过去时间/过去时态的句子。5其 他 标 志 词:in the past(last)+短时间；so far；recently；up to/by nowD 区别 have gone to,have been to,have been in词组区别示例have/has gone to表 示“去了未回”主语为第三人称（he,she,it,they）May I speak to Lisa?Sorry.She has gone to Beijing.have/has been to表 示“去过已回”经常与for+次数连用I have been to America twice.have/has been in“待在某地一段时间”经常与for+时间段连用。He has been in Shanghai for ten years.E瞬间动词与延续性动词之间的转换：瞬间动词相应状态瞬间动词相应状态come to spbe in/at/on spbegin/startbe ongo to spbe in/at/on spfinish/endbe overarrive in/at spbe in/at/on spdiebe deadleave spbe away from spborrowkeepjoin the armybe in the armybuyhaveA:He has bought a new car.B:When did he buy it?A:He bought it last month.B:He has had it for a monlh.A:His dad has died.B:When did he die?A:He died last week.B:He has been dead for a week.三、【典例探究】She has come here.When did she come?She came here two days ago.She has been here since Iwo days ago.I have left school.When did you leave school?I left school when I was en.You have been away from school since you were ten.【例题】：【选 自 兰生小五模拟试卷】1.There (not be)any bread on the table.2.(take)them to the room,please.3.Wed better (not smoke)here.Smoking is not allowed in public places.4.Would you like (give)the book to him?5.Well have a football match if it (not rain)tomorrow.6.1 am not (clean)the room now.I (make)cakes.7.It was my birthday last Sunday.I (have)a big meal.8.The sun (rise)in the east.9.He (see)a film this coming weekend.10.一 Where your parents?一 They (watch)TV in the sitting room.答 案：1.isnt 2.Take 3.not smoke 4.to give doesnt 5.cleaning 6.am making 7.had 8.rises 9.will see10.are are watching解 析：1.本题考查there be句型，bread为不可数名词，所以要用单数is。2.祈使句的构成就是动词原形位于句首。3.1 d better的完整形式是had better,翻译为 最好 是情态动词，后面+动词原形。注意d like的完整形式是would like。4.would like 后面+to do=want to do 想要做 5.If引导的条件状语从句中，当主句和从句都表示将来意思，时态要遵从“主讲从现”6.根据时间状语now判断时态为一般现在时，要用cleaning,后面也要用进行时态。7.根据前一句的last Sunday可以判断为过去时态的时间状语，所以后面have要用过去式。8.Sun为第三人称，后面动词为三单结构。9.时间状语可以判断为将来时，所以用will see。10.现在进行时常考的一个考点，学生要注意用进行时。四、【课 堂 运 用】【基础】【练 习 11.He back a month ago.(come)2.My mother often tells me in bed.(not read)3.1 must take it back the day after tomorrow.You can only it for 24 hours,(keep)4.Why have you kept me here for so long a time?(wait)5.Please come to our meeting if you free tomorrow,(be)答 案：1 .came 2.not to read 3.keep 4.waiting 5.are【练习2】6.She to the Great Wall several times.(go)7.In his letter,he said that he us very much,(miss)8.He went to school instead of home.(go)9.He said he became in physics,(interest)10.This film is wort h.(see)答 案：6.has gone to 7.missed 8.going 9.interested lO.seeing【巩固】【练 习 111.We found the wi ndow.(break)12.In the old days it was difficult for the poor to a job.(find)13.Its cold outside,so youd better your coat,(put on)14.He is hungry.Please give him s o me t h i n g.(eat)15.Please dont waste time TV every evening.You should word hard at English,(watch)答 案：11 .broken 12.find 13.put on 14.to eat 15.watching【练习2】16.Great changes in our country since 1978.(take place)17.1 my daughter since last month,(hear from)18.1 didnt remember her the book before,(give)19.Dont touch that child,(sleep)20.1 will Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him.(tell)答 案：16.have taken place 17.heard from 18.giving 19.sleeping 2O.tell【拔高】【练 习 121.Yesterday Mary couldnt finish her homework,so she has to go on it thisafternoon.(do)22.We football when it began to rain.We had to stop and go home,(play)23.Xiao Lin from here for about two hours,(be away)24.Last night we back home until the teacher left school,(not go)25.Comrade Li Dazhao in prison in 1927.(put)答 案：21.doing 22.was playing 23.has been away 24.didn,t go 25.was put【练习226.一Where is professor Lee?-He to the library.Hell come back soon.(go)27.Would you please me an English-Chinese dictionary when you come?(bring)28.Ell tell him the news as soon as he back,(come)29.The boy by the door is my brother,(stand)30.Do you remember the film last year?(see)答 案：26.has gone 27.bring es 29.standing 30.seeing五、【课后巩固】【习题1】一按要求填词例：write writes writing wrote written1.walk_ _ _ _2.study_ _ _ _3.wish_ _ _ _4.play _ _ _ _5.rain _ _ _ _6.go _ _ _ _7.die _ _ _ _8.run _ _ _ _e_ _ _ _10.do _ _ _ _11.fly_ _ _ _12.stop_ _ _ _13.see_ _ _ _14.swim_ _ _ _15.buy_ _ _ _答 案：略二.用所给的实义动词的适当形式填空。1.Can y o u(s p e a k)English?2.W e(h a v e)a maths test tomorrow.3.J o h n(k n o w)that man in black?4.P e t e r(r i d e)his new bicycle in the garden.Hes happy.5.Tom w a n ts(d r in k)some juice.6.1 lik e(c o lle c t)stamps very much.7.Jack o f t e n(g o)to school at seven.8.y o u(g o)swimming last week?9.H e(o p e n)the door just now.10.1 am good a t(s i n g).答案：1 speak 2 will have 3 Does.know 4 is riding 5 to drink 6 collecting7 goes 8 Did.go 9 opened 10 singing三.用动词的适当形式填空1.Ifs the first time I(t r avel)by plane.2.You(c a t c h)a cold if you(not put)on your overcoat.3.While I(mop)the floor,my mo t h e r(d o)t h e washing.4.By last year,h e(c h a n g e)three jobs.5.All work and no p l a y(ma k e)Jack a dull boy.6.He(be)away from home for three years.7.you(be)to Shanghai Grand Theater?-Yes,I have.I(go)there last month.8.He told us that he(as k)for leave the next week.9.1 felt sick when I(t ake)the exam.10.Mother didnt leave the baby until he(f al l)asleep.答案：1 have travelled 2 will catch.doiVt put 3 was mopping.was doing4.had changed 5 makes 6.has been 7.Have.been.went 8.would ask9.was taking 10.fell/had fallen四.单项选择填空1.I didnt see you at the meeting.I thought you not there.A.were B.was C.had D.are2.We were glad to know that he in Shanghai for another week.A.will stay B.would stay C.are staying D.had stayed3.I sure that you the exam.A.am.pass B.am.will pass C.was.pass D.was.will pass4.Our teacher told us that water at 0.A.freeze B.froze C.freezes D.would freeze5.Guangzhou in the south of China.A.locates B.is lying C.is locating D.lies6.We all the work by last week.A.finished B.have finished C.had finished D.will finish7.I see him when I was walking in the street.A.happen to B.was happening to C.happened to D.happens to8.I the window as soon as it to rain.A.closed.started B.closed.was startingC.was closing.started D.had closed.started9.There an English contest next week.Will you take part in it?A.is having B.is going to have C.will have D.will be10.We close friends for more than ten years.A.became B.were C.have become D.have been答 案：1A 2B 3B 4C 5D 6C 7C 8A 9D 10D【习题2】I.Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1.1 _ a lre a d y(s e e)the film.I(see)it last week.2.h e(f i n is h)his work today?Not yet.3.My father ju s t(c o m e)back from work.He is tired now.4.Wheres Li Ming?He(go)to the teachers office.5.1(work)here since I(mo v e)here in 1999.6.So far I(make)quite a few friends here.7.How long the Wa n g s(s t a y)here?For two weeks.8.1 j u s t(f i n i s h)my homework.9.He(go)to school on foot every day.10._ y o u(f i n d)your science book yet?11.If i t(b e)fine tomorrow,Ill go with you.12.The s t u d e n t s(r e a d)English when the teacher came in.13.Look!The m o n k e y(c l i m b)the tree.14.My mo t h e r(c o me)to see me next Sunday.15.Ive lost my pen.you(s ee)it anywhere?答 案：1.have,seen,saw 2.Has,finished 3.has,come 4.has gone 5.have worked,moved6.have made 7.have,stayed 8.have,finished 9.goes 10.have,found 11.is 12.were reading 13.is climbing 14.is coining 15.Have,seenIL Choose the best answer.1.How long have you here?A.come B.got2.My grandpa died.A.at the age of my 2C.when 1 was 2.C.arrived D.beenB.for 2 yearsD.my age was 6.3.Jane has to BeiJing.She will come back tomorrow.A.been B.gone C.went D.never been4.It is ten years I last saw her.A.after B.since C.for D.that5.Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?I will.I her several times.A.met B.have met C.had met D.will meet6.What a nice dress!How long you it?Just 2 weeks.A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had7.Do you know Lydia very well?Yes,She and I friends since we were very young.A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned8.The Smiths in China for 8 years.A.has lived B.livedC.have beenD.live9.-Hello,this is Mr.Green speaking.Can I speak to Mr.Black?-Sorry.He the Bainiao Park.A.has been toB.has gone toC.went toD.will go to10.you ever_ to the US?Yes,twice.A.Have,gone B.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,goingIII.Rewrite the sentences.1.I have been to Macau before.（改为否定句）I been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school bccausehawas iLL（就划线部分提问）he come to school?3.I bought a new bike just now.（用 just 改写）I _just a new bike.4.We began to learn English three years ago.（改为同义句）We English three years5.He has never surfed,?（改成反意疑问句）6.They have been here since 2000.（对划线部分提问）have they been here?7.The old man last year.He has for a year,（die）（动词填空）8.Miss Gao left an hour a g o.（同义句转换）Miss Gao has an hour a