新视野阅读理解unit5-10.pdf
Unit 10 Part 18 Reading Comprehension（Multiple Choice）Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A,B,C and D.Passage 1During the long vacation I was accepted as a bus conductor.I lasted about threeweeks.The routes through town were more than the mind could stand even in theoff-peak hours.All the buses from our station and every other station would be crawlingnose to tail through the town while the entire working population of Sydney fought to getaboard.It was hot that summer:100 Fahrenheit（华氏）every day.Inside the bus it was30 hotter still.It was so jammed inside that my feet werent touching the floor.Therewas no hope of collecting any fares.At each stop it was all I could do to reach the bellthat signaled the driver to close the automatic doors and get going.I had no way oftelling whether anybody had managed to get on or off.My one object was to get thatbus up Pitt Street.In these circumstances I was scarcely to blame.I didnt even know where we were,butI guessed we were at the top just before Market Street.I pressed the bell,the doorsclosed,and the bus surged forward.There were shouts and yells from down the back,but I thought they were the angry cries of passengers who had not got on.Too late Irealized that they were emanating（来 自）from within the bus.The back set of automaticdoors had closed around an old ladys neck as she was getting on.Her head was insidethe bus.The rest of her,carrying a shopping bag was outside.I knew none of this at thetime.When I at last caught on to the fact that something was happening and signaled thedriver to stop,he crashed to a halt and opened the automatic doors,whereupon thewoman dropped to the road.1.When did the author work as a bus conductor?,A.Three weeks ago.,B.During off-peak hours only.C.During his vacation.D.Every summer.Correct answer:C2.What made it difficult for the author to collect fares?.A.The bus was too crowded.B.The weather was so hot.C.He couldnt get inside the door.D.He had to ring the bell.Correct answer:A3.What did the author try to do above all else?A.Close the door.B.Collect the fares.内 C.Ring the bell.D.Get up Pitt Street.Correct answer:D4.What does the author think?A.He was responsible for everything.内 B.He couldnt be blamed for the troubles.C.The doors on the bus should be automatic.D.People shouldnt yell on the bus.Correct answer:B5.What happened with the old woman?A.She ran out onto the road in front of the bus.B.She opened the bus doors while the bus was moving.C.She got her head caught in the bus doors.D.She signaled the bus driver to stop.Correct answer:CUnit 10 Part 18 Reading Comprehension(Multiple Choice)Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A,B,C and D.Passage 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity（独创性），people have devised greater and greatertools to cope with work that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plain nasty.Thatcompulsion（强制）has resulted in attempts to make robots,machines with humancapabilities.And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of sciencefiction,they have begun to come close.As a result,the modern world is increasingly full of intelligent gizmos whose presencewe barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Ourfactories hum（忙碌）to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.Our banking is done atautomated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction.Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot drivers.And thanks to the continualminiaturization（小型化）of electronics and micro-mechanics,there are already robotsystems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with perfectaccuracyfar greater precision than highly sk川ed physicians can achieve with theirhands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operatewith less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions forthemselves-goals that pose a real challenge.While we know how to tell a robot tohandle a specific error,says Dave Lavery,manager of a program at NASA,we cantyet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.Despitea spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor（i晶体管）circuits might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010,researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.1.Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in.,A.the use of machines to produce science fiction（B.the wide use of machines in manufacturing industryI C.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work,D.the clever tackling of dangerous and boring workCorrect answer:C2.The word gizmos*（paragraph 2）most probably means.A.programsB.expertsC.devicesD.creaturesCorrect answer:B3.According to the text,what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that canA.fulf川 delicate tasks like performing brain surgeryB.interact with human beings orally_ C.have a little common senseg D.respond independently to a changing worldCorrect answer:D4.What does the author think?A.Robots will always require supervision.区 B.People have both successes and failures with robots.C.The making of robots will always meet mixed successes.D.Robots and people should never be mixed.匕Correct answer:D5.What made people optimistic about robots?_ A.Transistor circuits._ B.The 60s and 70s.c C.Researchers.cD.The human brain.Correct answer:AUnit 10 Part 18 Reading Comprehension(Multiple Choice)Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A,B,C and D.Passage 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return?Since OPEC agreed tosupply-cuts in March,the price of crude oil has jumped to almost$26 a barrel,up fromless than$10 last December.This near-tripling（儿乎三倍）of oil prices calls up scarymemories of the 1973 oil shock,when prices quadrupled（四倍的）,and 1979-1980,when they also almost tripled.Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflationand global economic decline.So where are the headlines warning of gloom（沮丧）anddoom（厄运）this time?Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be lesssevere than in the 1970s.Rich economies are less dependent on oil than they were,and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price.Energy conservation,a shift to otherfuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,energy-intensive industries havereduced oil consumption.Software,consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oilthan steel or car production.For each dollar of GDP（in constant prices）rich economiesnow use nearly 50%less oil than in 1973.The OECD estimates in its latest EconomicOutlook that if oil prices averaged$22 a barrel for a full year,compared with$13 in1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5%ofGDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.On the otherhand,oil-importing emerging economiesto which heavy industry has shiftedhavebecome more energy-intensive,and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that,unlike the rises inthe 1970s,it has not occurred against the background of general product-price inflationand global excess demand.A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging fromeconomic decline.What does the author describe as frightening?A.The 1973 oil shock.B.Global economic decline.C.The gloom and doom of this time.D.OPEC supply-cuts.Correct answer:AWhat are newspapers having people believe?A.The rise in oil is going to cause serious problems.B.The economy is going to get better.C.Oil prices are going to triple.D.Energy conservation is necessary.Correct answer:A3.What has new technology lead to?匕 A.Double-digit inflation.B.Reduced oil dependency.L a已 C.Steel production.D.Energy conservation.Correct answer:B4.Why does the author tell us not to lose sleep?A.We will need energy from sleep.B.Worrying will not help.口 C.We need not worry.D.People will be seriously squeezed in the future.匕Correct answer:C5.From the text we can see that the writer seems.C A.optimistic,r B.sensitive_ C.sad_ D.scaredcCorrect answer:AUnit 10 Part 18 Reading Comprehension(Multiple Choice)Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A,B,C and D.Passage 4Use of the illegal drug named Ecstasy MDMA(摇头丸)has increased alarmingly inBritain over the last few years,and in 1992 the British Medical Journal claimed that atleast seven deaths and many severe adverse reactions have followed its use as adance drug.14 deaths have so far been attributed to the drug in Britain although it ispossible that other drugs contributed to some of those deaths.While it is true that alldrugs by their very nature change the way in which the body reacts to its environmentand are therefore potentially dangerous,it is still unclear whether casual use of Ecstasyis as dangerous as authorities believe.What is certain is that the drug causes distinctchanges to the body which,unless understood,may lead to fatal complications（并发症）in certain circumstances.In almost all cases of MDMA related deaths in Britain,overheating of the body and inadequate replacement of fluids have been noted as theprimary causes of death.Perhaps the most damning（确凿的）evidence urging againstthe use of Ecstasy is that it is undoubtedly an addictive（成瘾的）substance,but onethat quickly loses its ability to affect the mind,while it increases its effect upon the body.Yet,unlike the classic addictive drugs,Ecstasy does not produce physical withdrawalsymptoms.In fact,because one becomes quickly tolerant of its effect on the mind,it isnecessary to give up its use for a while in order to experience again its full effect.Anysubstance which produces such a strong effect on the user should be treated withappropriate respect and care.What is the main topic of this passage?A.Drug use among young people.B.The effects of a certain drug.C.The reports of a British medical journal.D.Deaths at dances because of drugs.Correct answer:BWhat does the author mention as true?A.Ecstasy is as dangerous as authorities believe.B.Drugs cause changes for the body.C.The environment for drugs is dangerous.D.We must understand the effects of drugs.Correct answer:BWhat do most of the cases of deaths because of Ecstasy have in common?A.The persons body became too hot.B.The person was addicted.C.The person was dangerous.D.The person replaced his fluids.Correct answer:A4.How is Ecstasy different from some other drugs?白 A.It causes greater changes in the body.B.It is more dangerous,according to authorities.匕口 C.It has no ability to affect the mind.D.It does not produce withdrawal symptoms.匕Correct answer:D5.What does the author think?白 A.Ecstasy is not addictive.口 B.Ecstasy does not have a strong effect.C.Ecstasy must be given up.匕g D.Ecstasy must be treated with care.Correct answer:DUnit 9 Part 18 Reading Comprehension(Multiple Choice)Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A,B,C and D.Passage 1In the 1960s,medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed achecklist of stressful events.They appreciated the tricky point that any major changecan be stressful.Negative events like serious illness of a family member were high onthe list,but so were some positive life-changing events,like marriage.When you takethe Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you dealwith stress-it only shows how much you have to deal with.And we now know that theyway you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s,hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe.Andmillions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports.Somehow,the research got boiled down to a message that could be rememberedeasily.Women*s magazines ran headlines like Stress causes illness!If you want tostay physically and mentally healthy,the articles said,avoid stressful events.But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow.Even if stressful events aredangerous,many-like the death of a loved one-are impossible to avoid.Moreover,anywarning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription（处方）for staying away fromopportunities as well as trouble.Since any change can be stressful,a person whowanted to be completely free of stress would never marry,have a child,take a new jobor move.The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know aboutpeople.It assumes were all vulnerable（脆弱的）and passive in the face of adversity（逆境）.But what about human initiative and creativity?Many come through periods ofstress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before.We also know that along time without change can lead to boredom,and physical and mental strain.The result of Holmes-Rahes medical research tells us.A.the way you handle major events may cause stressB.what should be done to avoid stressC.what kind of event would cause stressD.how to cope with sudden changes in lifeCorrect answer:CThe studies on stress in the early 1970s led to.A.widespread concern over its harmful effectsB.great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC.an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD.popular avoidance of stressful jobsCorrect answer:AThe score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows.A.how much pressure you are underB.how positive events can change your lifeC.how stressful a major event can beD.how you can deal with life-changing eventsCorrect answer:A4.Why is such simplistic advice(Para.2)impossible to follow?A.No one can stay on the same job for long.La B.No prescription is effective in relieving stress.匕C.People have to get married someday.D.You could be missing opportunities as well.匕Correct answer:D5.According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become,.A.nervous when faced with difficultiesB.physically and mentally strainedC.more capable of coping with adversity D.indifferent toward what happens to them匕Correct answer:CUnit 9 Part 18 Reading Comprehension(Multiple Choice)Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A,B,C and D.Passage 2Most episodes of absent-mindednessforgetting where you left something orwondering why you just entered a roomare caused by a simple lack of attention,saysSchacter.Youre supposed to remember something,but you havent encoded itdeeply.Encoding,Schacter explains,is special way of paying attention to an event that has amajor impact on recalling it later.Failure to encode properly can create annoyingsituations.If you put your mobile phone in a pocket,for example,and dont payattention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation,youll probablyforget that the phone is in
