新视野大学英语3阅读.pdf

(1)The horse precede man on earth.Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been foundon the North American continent,many scientists believe this small species travel over a land mass inthe Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modem horse in Asia.It became extinct in America.Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia.In any event the animal soonspread into China,Europe,and the Middle East.The first modern horses to be introduced into theAmerican continent came with the early Spanish explorers.Horses were bred into many types.Theheavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for work and by the medievalknights to hold them and their heavy armor.The oldest horses left in the 20th century are found inMongolia.Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape,elephant,and dog.They have excellentmemories and can sometimes find their way home when lost,and sense danger better than theirmasters.The early civilizations of man that had and made use of the horse developed more rapidlythan those which did not.1.The modern horse was introduced into the American continent by.A)Asians long ago B)some scientistsC)the American explorers D)the Spanish who first went there2.What are some of the characteristics of the horse?A)Poor memories.B)Great loyaltyC)More intelligent than the dog.D)For some abilities they surpass those of man3.Where were the horses believed by some people to originate?A)In the Middle East B)In EuropeC)On the North American continent D)In Spain4.What was the primary use of the horse for man in ancient times?A)For food B)For prestigeC)To be traded D)To work for him5.What can be said about the varieties of horses?A)The early horses were larger that the modem breeds.B)The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.C)The modem horsn was first bred in Arabia.D)Medieval knights preferred fast,active horse.DDCDC(3)During the rest of sleep,the fatigue of the body disappears and recuperation(复原)begins.Thetired mind gathers new energy;the memory improves;and annoyance and problems are seen correctly.Some adults require little sleep,others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four.Infants sleepsixteen to eighteen hours daily,the amount gradually decreasing as they grow older.Young studentsmay need twelve hours;university students may need ten.A worker with a physically demanding jobmay also need ten,whereas an executive working under great pressure may manage on six to eight.Many famous people are well known to have required little sleep.Napoleon Bonaparte,ThomasEdison,and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.Whatever your individual need,you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for atotal of more than twelve years.By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine:a favoritehour,a favorite bed,a favorite posture(姿势)，and a formula you need to follow in order to restcomfortably.Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep.Several people havereached more than 115 hours-nearly five days.Whatever the limit,it is absolute.Animals keptawake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion.The limit for human beings is probablyabout a week.1.It is implied in the passage t hat.A)a light sleep is as refreshing as a deep oneB)memory is greatly improved during sleepC)famous people need less sleep than ordinary peopleD)sleep is important for good mental and physical health2.It can be concluded from the passage that the amount of sleep r e q u i r e d.A)depends on the bed one sleeps inB)varies greally from one individual lo anotherC)can be predicted from the type of job one hasD)is closely related to the amount of pressure one suffers3.The word“formula(line 3,paragraph 3)most probably me a ns.A)a prescriptionB)a mathematical ruleC)a fixed method or approachD)an expression of the elements of a compound4.A person should in order to sleep well.A)go to bed earlyB)follow his sleep routineC)sleep as much as he canD)do a physically demanding job5.The longest time a human being can survive without sleep is probablyA)five days B)seven days C)ten days D)twelve daysDBCBB(2)The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussionamong economists.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited.To feed a largepopulation,inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively.Thus,each personproduces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population.Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and thedevelopment of facilities such as ports,roads and railways,which are not likely to be built unless thereis a big demand to justify them.One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact thatofficial attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level ofindustrial development and the availability of food and raw materials.In a developing country where avastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food,space and natural resources,itwill be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate,whatever the consequencesmay be.In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex.A decreasing birthratemay lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods.When thepressure of population on housing declines,prices also decline and the building industry is weakened.Faced with considerations such as these,the government of a developed country may well prefer tosee a slowly increasing population,rather than one which is stable or in decline.1.A large population may mean.A)higher productivity,but a lower average incomeB)lower productivity,but a higher average incomeC)higher productivity and a higher average incomeD)lower productivity and a lower average income2.A large population may offer more scope for the development of.A)economyB)extensive cultivationC)transportationD)agriculture3.In highly industrialized countries,unemployment may result from.A)a decreasing birthrateB)an increasing birthrateC)a stable birthrateD)a birth control program4.What may the government of a developed country prefer?A)A rapidly increasing population.B)A slowly increasing population.C)A rapidly decreasing population.D)A slowly decreasing population.5.Why is it difficult to carry out a worldwide birth control program?A)Because it will do harm to the national economy in most countries.B)Because it will lead to complex social problems in developing countries.C)Because people are unwilling to practice birth control.D)Because differenl governments have differenl opinions.DCABD(6)The whole industrial process,which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in ourdaily lives,is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environment balance,or theecological balance as it is also known.Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed ofsensibly,but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex,there will be new,dangerous wastes to be disposed of,for example the waste products from nuclear power stations.Manypeople,therefore,see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem,that is,the wholeprocess of industrial production and consumption of goods.Others again see the problem mainly inconnection with agriculture,where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land tofeed our ever increasing populations.However,the land itself is gradually becoming worn out as it is beingused,in some cases,too heavily,and artificial fertilizers cannot restore the balance.Whatever its underlying reasons,there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlledif only companies,individuals and governments would make more efforts.In the home there is an obviousneed to control litter and waste.Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to bedisposed of;drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused.This not only causes alitter problem,but also is a great waste of resources,in terms of glass,metals and paper.Advertising hashelped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need,but also tothrow away much of what we do buy.Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help tosolve by cutting out unnecessary buying,excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we usein our daily lives.(61.4%)1.What do you think will destroy the environment balance?A)Waste products.B)The whole industrial process.C)Many of the goods we use.D)Some machines we need and use in our daily life.2.The waste products from nuclear power stations are.A)new and complex B)new and dangerousC)hard to be disposed of D)easy to be disposed of3.Problems in agriculture are caused by.A)the use of artificial fertilizersB)the land itself which is becoming worn outC)the land which is being used too heavilyD)the introduction of new farming methods4.Food packages,bottles and tins for drinks can caus e.A)air pollution B)both a litter problem and a waste of nsourcesC)excess consumption D)unnecessary buying5.Which of the following is not suggested in the passage?A)People have been buying too many things.B)People consume far too many things than are necessary.C)People put away waste products carelessly.D)No one can help to solve the problem of pollution and waste.4-46(0.6 8)DABACBoxing was long viewed sickly.Generally forbidden by law in the earlier days,thefighting was usually done with bare fists,and matches often lasted forty or fifty rounds.In 1882 John L.Sullivan,a fighter of great power,won the world heavyweightchampionship from Paddy Ryan in a bare fisted battle marked by hitting,scratching,andbiting without any rule.Five years later,while fighting Patsy Cardiff at Minneapolis,Sullivan broke his right arm in the third round,but he continued fighting to the sixthround and won.In 1889,Sullivan defeated Jade Ki Irai n with his bare fists in anotherchampionship fight,winning twenty thousand dollars and a diamond prize medal.Hisadmirers talked of running him for the next governor,but he traveled to Australia for aboxing tour instead,coming back only to lose his title in a twenty-one-round match witha young Californian named James J.Corbett.Gentleman James“victory in this match marked a turning point,for it showedscientific boxing was over strength.But Corbetts title ended in 1897,when anotherboxer,Bob Fitzsimmons,in less than three seconds,achieved his feats and thenFitzsimmons knocked out an Irishman,won the heavyweight championship of the world,and invented the terrible“solar plexus punch.1.Boxing matches in the early days wer e.A)short and bloody B)usually spare-timecompetitionsC)governed by strict rules D)cruel2.Sullivan held the worlds heavyweight title for.A)at least seven years B)only a yearC)five years D)twenty-one years3.Sullivans fight with Ki I rain was.A)the first boxing championship matchB)a bare-fisted championship fightB)the last boxing match to be fought bare-fistedD)a six-round match4.Sullivan was so popular that his a d mi r e r s.A)encouraged him to be a governorB)raised twenty thousand dollars for himC)advised him to take boxing tour of AustraliaD)refused to believe he could be defeated5.According to the passage,which of the following statements istrue?A)Boxing was long viewed interestingB)Sullivan invented the terrible“solar plexus punch.C)The fighting was usually done with bare fists in the early years.D)While fighting Patsy Cardiff at Minneapolis,Sullivan broke his left arm in thethird round.4-52(0.69)CCDBAThe United States population is growing older.In 1987,12 percent of Americanswere 65 years old or older,compared with 8 percent in 1950.Population experts atthe U.S.Bureau of the Census expect this percentage to continue to rise gradually,reaching 14 percent in 2010,then to skyrocket during the next 20 years,reaching 21percent by 2030.This graying of America has generated concerns about whetherthe best really is yet to be,about how well off tomorrows elderly will be.There alsoare questions about the impact of an aging population on the rest of society.The graying of America has two causes.First,advances in medical care haveenable people to live longer.In the United States in 1900,the average life expectancyat birth was 47.7 years.By 1985,the latest year for which figures are available,it hasclimbed to 74.7 years.Second,the U.S.birthrate rose in the mid-1900s,interrupting a long,slow decline.Adramatic increase occurred during this brief rise.From 1945 to 1947,the rate jumpedfrom 20.4 births for every 1,000 people to 26.6.In 1957,the birthrate was still high-25.3-but then began to decline.The birthrate dropped to the 1933 level of 18.4 in1966,and by 1985,was 15.7.Most experts see little change in the downward trend ofthe birthrate in the foreseeable future.1.What is the authors main purpose in the passage?CA)To bring attention to the needs of the elderly.B)To contrast birthrates and life expectancy rates.C)To explain how and why the American population is agingD)To show the percentages of age groups in general population2.During which period of time will the percentage of Americans 65 years old or olderincrease the most?CA)1970-1990 B)1990-2010C)2010-2030D)2030-20503.In the first paragraph,the phrase“this graying of America refers to D.A)the uncertainty of the future for older AmericansB)the effects of population on the health of the elderlyC)statistics released by the U.S.Bureau of the CensusD)the increasing number of elderly people in the population4.About how long did it take the birthrate to return to the 1933 level?BA)20 years B)30 yearsC)40 years D)50 years5.Which of the following conclusions about the birthrate is supported by the passage?AA)The long-range decline in the birthrate will continue in the next century.B)Another dramatic increase in the birthrate will occur before the 21,century.C)The birthrate will continue to vary greatly.D)An increase in the birthrate depends mainly on advances in medical care.4-5 3(0.6 7)ADBCDThe surface of the Earth is the shore of the cosmic ocean.From it we havelearned most of what we know about space.Recently,we have waded a little out tosea,enough to dampen our toes or,at most,wet our ankles.The water seemsinviting.The ocean calls.The dimensions of the cosmos are so large that using familiar units of distance,such as meters or miles,chosen for their utility on Earth,would make little sense.Instead we measure distance with the speed of light.In one second a beam of lighttravels 186,000 miles,nearly 300,000 kilometers,o r seven times around the Earth.In eight minutes it will travel from the Sun to the Earth.We can say the Sun is eightlight-minutes away.In a year,it crosses nearly ten trillion kilometers,about sixtr