小学英语语法要点及习题--人教版.pdf

PEP小学英语语法要点及习题一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以 s.x.sh.ch 结尾，力 口-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-e s,如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以f或 fe结尾，变 f 或 fe为v,再加-e s,如：knife-knives5.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数Ihimthisherwatchchildphotodiarydayfootbookdresstooth_ _ sheep_box_ _ strawberry_thiefyo-yopeachsandwichmanwomanpaperjuicewatermilkricetea二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍No.1 一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.be 动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加第或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.b e动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+dorft(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnl构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Do you often play football?-Yes,I do./No,I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go towork?动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s,如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以 s.x.sh.ch.o 结尾，力 口-e s,如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为i,再加-e s,如：study-studies一般现在时用法专练：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He o f t e n(h a v e)dinner at home.2.Daniel and T o m m y(b e)in Class One.3.We(n o t watch)TV on Monday.4.N i c k(n o t go)to the zoo on Sunday.5.t h e y(l i k e)the World Cup?6.What they o f t e n(d o)on Saturdays?7.your parents(read)newspapers every day?8.The g i r l(t e a c h)us English on Sundays.9.She and I(t a k e)a walk together every evening.10.T h e r e(b e)some water in the bottle.11.M i k e(l i k e)cooking.12.T h e y(h a v e)the same hobby.13.My a u n t(l o o k)after her baby carefully.14.You a l w a y s(d o)your homework well.15.1(be)ill.Tm staying in bed.16.S h e(g o)to school from Monday to Friday.17.Liu T a o(d o)not like PE.18.The child of t en（watch）TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Ya ng（have）eight lessons this term.20.What day（be）it today?Ifs S a tu rd a y.按照要求改写句子1.Daniel watches TV every evening.（改为否定句）2.1 do my homework every day.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）3.She likes milk.（改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答）4.Amy likes playing computer games.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）5.We go to school every morning.（改为否定句）6.He speaks English very well.（改为否定句）7.1 like taking photos in the park.（对 戈 U 线部分提问）8.John comes from Canada.（对划线部分提问）9.She is always a good student.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）10.Simon and Daniel like going skating.（改为否定句）五、改错（划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上）1.Is your brother speak English?2.Does he likes going fishing?3.He likes play games after class.4.Mr.Wu teachs us English.5.She dont do her homework on Sundays.三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意+b e+主 语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词不达意+b e+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加in g,如：cook-cooking2.以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 in g,如：make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母,再 力 口 in g,如：run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstop_sit_ _ begin_ _ _ _ _ _shop_ _二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：l.The boy(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother(cook)some nice food now.4.What you(do)now?5.Look.They(have)an English lesson.6.The y(not,water)the flowers now.7.Look!the gi r l s(dance)in the classroom.8.What is our granddaughter doing?S h e(l i s t e n )to music.9.Ifs 5 oclock now.We(h a v e)s u p p e r now1O.He l e n(wa s h)clothes?Yes,she is.三、句型转换：1.They are doing housework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2.The students are cleaning the classroom.（改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答）3.3m playing the football in the playground.（对划线部分进行提问）4.Tom is reading books in his study.（对划线部分进行提问）四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,next day（week,month,year.）,soon,the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to+do；will+do.三、否定句:在be动 词(am,is,are)1后加not或情态动词will后加not 成 wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon.Im not going to have apicnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或 will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.Are you going togo on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon.Whos going toNew York soon.2.问干什么 o What.do.例如：My father is going to watch a racewith me thisafternoon.What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine.Whenis she goingto bed?六、同义句：be going to=willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).=I will go swimmingtomorrow.练习:填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I have a picnic with my friends.I have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。What nextMonday?I play basketball.What you do next Monday?I play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。your mother go shopping this?Yes,she.She buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。What time you meet?改句子。5.Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy going to go camping.6.Fil go and join them.（改否定）I go join them.7.Fm going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)she after school?10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day aftertomorrow.(同上)going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。11.Today is a sunny day.We (have)apicnic this afternoon.12.My br ot he r(go)to Shanghai next week.13.Tom of t en(go)to school on foot.But today israin.He(go)to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends?I usually(watch)TV a n d(c a t c h)insects?15.Its Friday today.What s he(do)this weekend?She(wa t c h)TV and(catch)insects.16._Wh a t(d O)you do last Sunday?I(pick)apples on a farm.What (do)next Sunday?I_(milk)cows.17.Ma r y(v i s i t)her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao(f l y)kites in the playground yesterday.19.Da v i d(g i v e)a puppet show next Monday.20.I(plan)for my study now五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：(Dam 和 is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn,t)(2)are 在一般过去时中变为 were。(were not=weren,t)带有was或 were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或 were后加not,一般疑问句把was或 were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt+动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加d id,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1.一般在动词末尾加-e d,如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2.结尾是 e 加 d,如：taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-e d,如：stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y 为i,再加-e d,如：study-studied5.不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isamflyplantaredrinkplaygomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrowkickpassdoBe动词的过去时练习（1）Name No.Date一、用 be动词的适当形式填空1.I at school just now.2.He at the camp last week.3.We students two years ago.4.They on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling eleven years old last year.6.There an apple on the plate yesterday.7.There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening.二、句型转换1.It was exciting.否定句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _一般疑问句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _肯、否定回答：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2.All the students were very excited.否定句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _一般疑问句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _肯、否定回答：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _3.They were in his pocket.否定句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _一般疑问句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _肯、否定回答：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Be动词的过去时练习（2）Name N o.D a t e一、用 be动词的适当形式填空1.I an English teacher now.2.She happy yesterday.3.They glad to see each other last month.4.Helen and Nancy good friends.5.The little dog two years old this year.6.Look,there lots of grapes here.7.There a sign on the chair on Monday.8.Today the second of June.Yesterday the first ofJune.It Childrens Day.All the students very excited.二、句型转换1.There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _一般疑问句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _肯、否定回答：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _肯、否定回答：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _三、中译英1.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。2.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。3.一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。行为动词的过去时练习（1）Name No.Date一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1.He(l i v e)in Wuxi two years ago.2.The cat(eat)a bird last night.3.We(h a v e)a party last Halloween.4.N a n c y(p i c k)up oranges on the farm last week.5.1(make)a model ship with Mike yesterday.6.T h e y(p l a y)chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7.My m o t h e r(c o o k)a nice food last Spring Festival.8.The g i r l s(s i n g)a n d(d a n c e)at the party.二、句型转换1.Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _一般疑问句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _肯、否定回答：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2.Nancy went to school early.否定句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _一般疑问句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _肯、否定回答：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _3.We sang some English songs.否定句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _一般疑问句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _肯、否定回答:行为动词的过去时练习(2)Name N o.D a t e一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.1(watch)a cartoon on Saturday.2.Her f a t h e r(r e a d)a newspaper last night.3.We to zoo yesterday,we to the park,(go)4.y o u(v i s i t)your relatives last Spring Festival?5.h e(f l y)a kite on Sunday?Yes,he.6.Gao S h a n(p u l l)up carrots last National Day holiday.7.1(s we e p)the floor yesterday,but my mother.8.What she (find)in the garden last morning?She(find)a beautiful butterfly.二、句型转换1.They played football in the playground.否定句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _一般疑问句：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _肯、否定回答：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _三、中译英1.格林先生去年住在中国。2.昨天我们参观了农场。3.他刚才在找他的手机。过去时综合练习(1)Name N o.D a t e一、用动词的适当形式填空1.I t(b e)Bens birthday last Friday.2.We a l l(h a v e)a good time last night.3.He(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.H e l e n(m i l k)a cow on Friday.5.She likes newspapers,but she a book yesterday,(read)6.He football now,but they basketball just now.(play)7.Jims m o t h e r(p l a n t)trees just now.8.t h e y(s w e e p)the floor on Sunday?No,they.9.1(w a t c h)a cartoon on Monday.10.We(go)to school on Sunday.二、中译英1.我们上周五看了一部电影。2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。3.你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。4.你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。过去时综合练习(2)Name No.Date一、用动词的适当形式填空1.I t(b e)the 2nd of November yesterday.Mr Wh i t e(g o)to his office by car.2.Gao S h a n(p u t)the book on his head a moment ago.3.Dont the house.Mum it yesterday,(clean)4.What you just now?I some housework,(do)5.T h e y(m a k e)a kite a week ago.6.I want to apples.But my dad all of them last month,(pick)7.h e the flowers this morning?Yes,h e(w a t e r)8.Sh e (be)a pretty girl.Look,she (do)Chinese dances.9.The students o f t e n(d r a w)some pictures in the art room.10.What Mike do on the farm?He cows.(milk)二、中译英1.他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。2.去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。3.他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2.形容词加e r的规则：一般在词尾加er；以字母e 结尾，加 r；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 er；以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y 变 i,再 加 e r。3.不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别（有 be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动）在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化：well-better,far-farther）三、练习一）、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old_ young_ _ tall.long_short strongbigsmallfatthinheavylightnicegoodbeautifullowhighslowfastlateearlyfarwell二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.My brother is two y e a r s(o l d)t h a n me.2.Tom is a s(f a t)as Jim.3.Is your s i s t e r (young)than you?Yes,she is.4.Who i s(t h i n),y o u or Helen?Helen is.5.Whose pencil-box is(big),yours or hers?Hers is.6.Marys hair is a s(l o ng)as Lucys.7.B e n(j u mp)(h i g h)than some of the boys in his class.8.Nancy s i n g(we l l)than Helen?Yes,she.9.Fangfang is not a s(t al l)as the other girls.lO.My eyes a r e(bi g)t h a n(s h e).11.Which i s(h e a v y),t h e elephant or the pig?12.Who gets up(early),Tim or Tom?13.the girls get u p(e a r l y)than the b o y s?N o,th e y.14.Jim r u n s(s lo w).But Ben ru n s(s lo w).15.The child d o e s n t(w rite)a s(f a s t)as the students.三)、翻译句子：1 谁比Jim年纪大？是你。is than Jim?are2、谁比David更强壮？是 Gao Shan.than David?Gao Shan3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。pencil is,or?is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples,your or your?My.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。as as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim 样年轻。He as as Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。as as t wi n?No,than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。Yang Ling to than Su Yang every day.9.我跳得和Mike 样 远。Ias as Mike.lO.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。Tom than you?No,he.He asas11.多做运动，你会更强壮。more exercise,you,ll soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I at Science.But I dont well in Chinese.13.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。you the kite than Wang bing?No,I itt h a n.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I l i k e.Al l my than me.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My up than me.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。the girls the boys?Y e s,th e y.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesnt in PE.But Idon,t h a n.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。you football than your classmates?No,they as asme.19.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My than my.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。s w e a t e r as as21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My d r e s s t oo.I want to a one.22.Im taller than M汰 e.（该成用原级的比较）Im as as Mike.七、There b e 句型与have,has的区别1、There