英国文学史资料.pdf

英国文学史资料 British Writers and WorksI.Old English Literature&The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vastlandscapes.The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g.Homers Iliad and OdysseyGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟 1340(?)1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德 莱 顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代 表 作 坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.It is alone who,for the first time inEnglish literature,presented to us a comprehensive(综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the Englishsociety of his time and created a whole gallery of vividcharacters from all walks of life.(A)A.Geoffrey Chaucer B.Matin Luther C.William Langland D.John Gowerwritingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.TheCanterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to useheroic couplet(双韵 体)by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 The House of Fame 声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form:Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：Ki ng ArthurSir Gawain and the GreenKnightBeowulfIIThe Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry.The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the EnglishRenaissance.Renaissance,a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 16th century,beginning inItaly in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe.It is a revival ofclassical(Greek and Roman)arts and sciences.The most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙斯宾塞 15521599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)The poets,poet.The first to be buried in the Poet comer ofWesterminster Abbey12.Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for thepoets poet”?(B)A.Spensers idealism B.his struggle for criteriaC.his love of beauty D.his exquisite melody 仙 后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not“Arms and the man”,but something more romantic“Fierce wars and faithfullloves”.A rtistic features:Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc.Eight lines in iambicpentameter,and last line in iambic hexameter.（2）The Shepherds Calendar 牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.Amoretti 爱情小唱2.Thomas More 托马斯莫尔 14781535One of the greatest English humanistsvU topi a 乌托邦3.Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯培根 1561 1626（哲学 家、散文家；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher,scientist,lay the foundation for modem science.The first English essayist.Writing Wy/e:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arranging and enriching by Biblicalallusions,metaphors and philosophy tomans reason.泣卜 Advancementof Learning 学术的推进 Essays,随 笔（famousquotas:Of studies）The theme of Of Studies:uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people topursue studies.4.Ben Jonson Comedy of Humours5.Christopher Marlowe 柯里斯托弗马洛 15641595“University Wits”,the pioneer of English drama（完善 了无韵体诗。）Blank written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14.Marlowe gave new vigor to with his4tmighty lines（D）A.the Petrarchan sonnet B.sestinaC.terza rima D.blank verseTragical History of Doctor Faustus,浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写 成）bu rlai ne 帖木耳大帝vTheJew of M altQ7 耳他的犹太人6.WilliamShakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 15641616 Historical plays:Henry VI;（2）FourComedies:As You Like 皆大欢喜;Much Ado About Nothing 无事生非；vAMidsummer NightS Dream,仲夏夜之梦；Merchant Of Venice 威尼斯商人FourTragedies:vHamlet 哈姆莱特；Othello,奥 赛 罗；KingLear 李 尔 王；vMacbeth麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet:154 The S onnets（37pl ays,2narrati ve poens,154 sonnets）Three quatrain and one couplet,abab,cdcd,efef,gg.A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines,usually in iambic pentameterrestrictedto a definition rhyme scheme.Ill The 17th Century1.John Milton 约翰弥尔顿 16087674（诗人、政 论 家；失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）Epics:Paradise Lost 失乐园 复乐园Dramatiepoem:力 士参孙vAieopagitica论出版自由The Defence of the English People）为英国人民声辩我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde,typical ofItalian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God,and they serve him best sho can endurethesuffering best.2.John Bunyan 约翰班扬 16281688（代表作 天路历程，宗教寓言，被 誉 为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的 神曲、奥古斯丁的 忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet（清教徒派诗人）Religionary Allegory:The Pilgrims Progress 天路历程3.John Donne 多恩the Metaphysical poet（玄学派诗人）.Metaphysical Poetry（玄 学 诗）the diction is simple,the imagery is from the actual,（形 式）theform is frequently an argument with the poet s beloved,withgod,or with himself.（主题：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻syllogism三段论Meditations沉思录The Flea 虱子Songs And SonnetsHoly Sonnets（3）Valediction:IVThe 18th Century：Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。A revivalof interest in the old classical works,order,logic,restrained emotion（抑制情感）andaccuracyTheA ge of Enlightenment/Reason:the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15 thand 16thcentries,a progressive intellectual movement,reason（rationality）,equality&science（the 18thcentury）小说崛起:In the mid-century,the newly literary form,modemEnglish novel rised（realistic novel现实主义小说）（哥特式小说）：mystery,horror,castles（from middle partto the end of century）1.Alexander Pope 亚历山大蒲柏 16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体,7 heroic coupletso词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）As arepresentative of the Enlightenment,Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalismtoEngland.Eg.Among the representatives of theEnlightenment,who was one of the first to introduce rationalismto England?（C）A.John Bunyan B.Daniel Defoe C.Alexander Pope D.Jonathan SwiftvAn Essayon Criticism 批评论Artistic features:1 .Using“heroic couplets”Rape of the Lock 卷发遇劫记 Moral Essays 道德论人论愚人记2.Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔约翰逊 17091784Dictionary=A Dictionary of English Language 英语大词典3.Jonathanswift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satiristo）Gullivers Travels,格列佛游记（fictional work）Fourparts:Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛一个小小的建议The Battle of Books 书战（3）木桶的故事个麻布商的书信4.Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔笛福 16601731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,his language is smooth,easy,colloquial and mostly vernacular,and he is the founder of realistic novel.Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the human laborand the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into ashrewd and hardenedman,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.It is an adventure story,Robinson,narrates how hegoes to sea,gets shipwreckedand marooned on a lonely island,struggles tolive for 24-years there and finally getsrelieved and returns to England.vMoll Flanders Colonel Jacque 5.Henry Fielding 亨利菲尔丁 1707-1754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被 誉 为“英国小说之父”He is called a Father of English novel”.He was the first towrite a“Comic epic inprosen（散文体史诗），and the first to give the modem novel its structure and style,novels:The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling 弃婴汤姆琼斯约瑟夫安德鲁The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild,the Great 大诗人江奈生威尔德 Amelia 爱米利亚 plays:七三六年历史记事Don Quixote in England 堂吉柯德在英国6.Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗格尔德斯密斯173()1774poems:The Traveller旅游人 vThe Deserted Village 荒村novel:造谣学校8.William Blake 威廉布莱克 17571827 Songs of Innocence)天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye.Songs of Experience 经验之歌A word of misery,poverty,disease,war andrepression with a melancholy tone from meneyes.Include:Lamb is a symbol of peace and purityTyger is a symbol of dread and oi ole nee vThe Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻9.Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯 17591796The greatestScottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 John Anderson,My Jo约翰安德生，我的爱人A Red,Red Rose 一 朵红红的玫瑰往昔时光 不管那一套我的心在那高原上 V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges,and end in 1832 withSir Walter Scotts death.Romanticism:emphasize the specialqualitie of eachindividual mind.(人应该是独立自 由的个体)Init,emotion over reason,spontaneous emotion,a change from the outer worldofsocial civilization to the inner world of the human spirit,poetry should befree fromall rules,imagination,nature,commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen(realistic)and Walter Scott(romantic).“The Lake Poefs”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth;Samuel Taylor Coleridge;Robert Southey1.William Wordsworth 威廉华兹华斯 17701850 Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)Theme:l.Natureembodies human beings in their diverse circumstance.It is nature that givehimstrength and knowledge fullof peace”2.I t isbliss to recoiled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights.In the poem on thebeauty ofnature,the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoets philosophical ideas andmystical thoughts.Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintem AbbeyThe Solitary Re叩er孤独的割麦女 The Prelude 序曲2.SamuelTaylor Coleridge 塞缪尔泰勒科尔律治 17721834 忽必烈汗Artistic features:mysticism,demonism with strong imagination,a strange territoryFrost at Night 半夜冰霜 忧郁颂 Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集(with WiHiamWordsworth)3.George Gordon Byron 乔治戈登拜伦 17881824(拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰 尔 德哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄Byronic hero Mis a proud,mysterious rebel figure of noble origin,against tyrannical rulesor moral principles.唐 璜 vChilde Harolds Pilgrimage 恰 尔 德哈罗德尔游记 WhenWe Two Parted”初我们俩分别 vSheWalks In Beauty4.Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西比希雪莱 17921822Poetic D ram a：麦布女王 Revolt of Islam 伊斯兰的反叛 The Cenci钦契一家vADefence of Poetry 诗辩 The Necessity of Atheism 无神论的必要性Ode to the West Wind 西风颂Theme:The author express his eagemessto enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.Comparethe west wind todestroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees,andpreserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in thespring.This is apoem about renewal,about the wind blowing life back into dead things,implying not justan arc oflifie(which would end at death)but a cycle,which only starts againwhensomething dies.C o n v n e n t Bysshe Shelleys Ode to the West Wind1 iswritten in iambic pentameter.Itcontains five sonnet length stanzas,each witha closing couplet.The rhyming scheme formis aba bcb cdc ded ee.The tone ispoignant.Many will agree that this poem is aninvocation for an unseen forceto take control and revive life.Artistic features:Usingrerza rima（三行诗 aba bcb cdc ded efe）To a Skylark 致云雀5.John Keats 约翰济慈 17951821（“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。）Four great odes:希腊占瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂Ode to Psyche 心乂颂Ode On Melancholy 忧郁颂 秋颂Theme:The theme of JohnKeats poem,To Autumn,is that change is both naturalandbeautiful.The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almosteverytype of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.CornmentjThe speaker in the poem acknowledges thattime passes by,but also asserts that thischange usually yields something ne wand better than what came before.Each of thepoems three stanzas representsthe evolving of two different types of change.Onetype of change shown in thepoem is the change of periods in a day.6.Jane Austen 简奥斯丁 17751817 Sense andSensibility理智与感情Pride and Prejudio傲慢与偏见（chapter I）Elizabeth Bennet&Darcy in the end false pride is humbledand prejudicedissolved Collins&Charlotte Lucas see the reality of marriage as a necessary step ifa woman is to avoidthe wretchedness of agingspinsterhood Lydia&Wickham shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupportedby money.【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,Lady Catherine de Burgh comic characters爱玛罗伯罗伊 艾凡赫VI The Victorian Periodl 832-1900Common sense and moralpropreity,again became the predominant preoccupation.Critical realistswereall concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.1.Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯 1812-1870（批判现实主义小说家）critical realistwriter 匹克威克外传老古玩店 vA Christmas Carol 圣诞颂歌董贝父子vDavidCopperfield大 卫 科波菲尔 Bleak House 荒凉山庄Hard Times 艰难时世 与 JUi共同的朋友2.William Makepeace Thackeray 威廉麦克匹斯萨克雷 18111863 or a Novel without a Hero 名利场(the name is an excerpt from by John Bunyan)The Book Of Snobs3.Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂勃朗特 18161855 简 爱Jane Eyre,a plain little orphan,was sent to Lowood,a charity school.There shesuffer a lot and 8 years later she left school andbecame a boverness at Thornfield Hall.There she falls in love with the master,Mr.Rochester.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existingsociety,e.g.charity institution suchas Lowood SchoolIt is a successful introduction to the first govemessheoine in the English novel,whom represents those middle-class working womenstruggling for recognition of theirbasic rights and equality as a human being.雪莉 Professor 教师4.Emily Bronte 艾米莉勃朗特 18181854 呼啸山庄A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.TheEarnshaw Family Mr.Earnshaw,his wife,the son Hindley,the daughterCatherine,Heathcliff【The Linton Family Mr.Linton,his wife,son Edgar,daughter Isabella 5.GeorgeEliot 乔治艾略特 1819-1880 The Mill on the Fk)ss弗洛斯河上的磨坊亚当比德织工马南米德尔马契6.Alfred Tennyson 阿尔弗莱德丁尼生18091892(维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人)Poet Laureate(桂 冠 诗 人)In Memoriam悼念 To memorialize his friend Break,Break,Break (Idylls of the King 国王叙事诗7.Robert Browning 罗伯特白朗宁 18121889My Last Dutchess 我已故的公爵夫人 海外乡思Elizabeth Barrett Browing:Sonnet from the Portuguese 葡萄牙十四行诗8.Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island 金银岛9.Thomas Hardy 托马斯哈代 18401928(小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels;novels of character andenvironment)(DN ovels 德伯家的苔丝Theme:experience is as to intensity,and not asto duration Jude The Obscure 无名的裘德 Under The Greenwood Tree 绿荫下 远离尘嚣 The Mayor Of Casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长 The Return of the Native 还乡 Poem sWessex Poe ms And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国VII 1900-1950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrightsOscarW ildeG eorge B emand Shaw1.Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡王尔德 18561900(The Aesthetic Movement:Art for Art s Sake)4 Com edies:认真的旗耍温德米尔夫人的扇子A Woman Of No Importance 一个无足轻重的女人An Ideal 11211理想的丈夫N ovel:The Picture Of Dorian Gray 多利安格雷的画像Fairy Stories:The Happy Prince And Other Tales 快乐王子故事集2.George Bernard Shaw 乔治伯纳萧 18561950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家)critical realistic dramatist(DP laysPlays U npleasantMrs WarrenS Profession,华伦夫人的职业 Widowers Houses 鳏夫的房产 P lays P leasant武器与人The Man Of Destiny,左右命运的人(3)PlaysMan And Superman 人叮超人 匹格玛利翁苹果车 圣女贞德Novelists(Realists)1.Joseph ConcradD 吉姆爷 Heart Of Darkness,黑喑的心l.Why the books title is Heart of Darkness?The story happened in Congo,the heart of Africa,and the color of peopleskin inthere is black.Most important point about the title is to the evil inhumans heart.2.What is the symbolism of black and white【Black/dark-death,evil,ignorance,mystery,savagery,uncivilizedMiddle Ages,when science and knowledge wassuppressed,as theDark Ages.According to Christianity,in the beginningof time all was darkand God created light.According to Heart of Darkness,before theRomans came,Englandwas dark.In the same way,Africa wasconsidered to be inthe“dark stage”.【White/light life,goodness,enlightenment,civilized,religion.Yet,in Concrad,the usual pattern is reverse and darkness meanstruth(The truth within,there tore dark and obscure.),whitenessmeans falsehood.This contrast tells a political truthaboutcolonialism in the Congo.The contrast alsosuggests apsychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind.White alsosuggests any number of unple