英语考研词组.pdf

401.instead o f代替，而不是同义替换：in place ofinstead原始涵义：a d v.作为替代 He is too busy,let me go instead.他太忙了，让我去吧。造句：Instead of disturbing her,the news had a strangely calming effect.这消息非但没有令她不安，反而产生了 种奇怪的镇定效果。402.instruct.in教.指导.训练某人同义替换：（=teach）instruct原始涵义：vt.1.指示，命令，吩咐 He instructed me to deliver it to a customer.他吩咐我 把东西送去给顾客。2.通知，告知My agent has instructed me that you still owe me$150.我的 代理人告诉我你还欠我一百五十美元造句：My job is to instruct her in English.我的工作是教她英语。403.insure.for把保险（多少钱）；en sure使安全；assure.（of）使确 信，保证insure原始涵义：vt.1.为投保;接受保险 Insure your baggage before you leave home.离家前先给行李保险。ensure原始涵义：vt.1.保证;担保+that+v-ingI can*t ensure his being on tim e.我不能保证他的准时。I cant ensure that he will be there on tim e.我不能担保他会及时到那儿。This medicine will ensure you a good nighfs sleep.这药将保证你一晚睡眠良好。2.使安全，保 护(+from/against)These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.这些安全设施 是为了保护工人不出事故。assure原始涵义：vt.1.向保证，担保(+of)I can assure you of the reliability of the information.我向你保证这消息可靠。The captain of the ship assured thepassengers that there was no danger.船长向乘客保证没有危险。2.使确信,使放心(+of)We assured our clients of an enjoyable holiday.我们使游客确信准能过一个愉快的假期。3.(后接oneself)使弄清楚,使确定They assured themselves that the bridge was safe before crossing it.他们直到弄清楚那座桥确实安全后才通过。4.确保，保障Her future was assured.她的未来是有保障的。404.insure.against 保证.以防造句：More care would insure you against making so many mistakes.多加注意就能保证你不犯这么多的错误了。405.intend t o打算(做)，意欲(做)intend原始涵义：vt.1.想要;打算 +to-v+v ing+(that)He intends his son to manage the company.彳也打算让他儿子经营该公司。I intend studying abroad.我打算出国留学。Lefs ask her what she intends us to d o.让我们问她要我们做什么。2.打算使.(成为)；(为而)准备(+for/as)That trap is intended for you.那个圈套是为你而设的。造句：This test is intended to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks.这个考试是要巩固你在前儿周所学的东西。406.(be)intent o n专心致志，坚决Intent原始涵义：n.意图，目的 +tovThe man was charged with intent to k ill.那人被指控蓄意谋杀罪。ad 1.热切的，急切的There was an intent look on the young mother*s face when she listened to her daughter reciting.那位年轻妈妈在听女儿朗诵时脸上露出热切的神情。2.专心致志的;坚决要做的(+on/upon)造 句:Hes intent on his w ork.他正专心于工作。407.in the interests of 符合的利益 be interested in 对感兴趣Interest原始涵义：n.1.兴趣;关注;爱好(+in)I developed an interest in the machine.我对这 机器发生了兴趣。I have lost my interest in chemistry.我对化学已不感兴趣。2.趣 味 性(+to)Local color added interest to the novel.地方色彩增加了这部小说的吸引力。3.感兴趣的事物或人His two great interests in life are music and painting.他生活中的两大兴趣是音乐和绘画。4.利益;利害;同业;同行We work for our common interests.我们为共同的利益而工作。5.利息I borrowed the money at 5%interest.我以五分利息借了那笔钱。6.股 份，股 权(+in)He has an interest in the company.他在这家公司拥有股份。7.重要性;影响(+with)Her interest with him is considerable.她对他的影响相当大。vt.1.使发生兴趣;引起 的关心Chemistry interests him.他对化学感兴趣。408.interfere in 干涉，interfere with 打搅，干扰interfere原始涵义：vi.1.妨碍;冲突;抵触(+with)I turned down the radio lest it should interfere with his lessons.我把收音机音量调低以免妨碍他做功课。2.介入;干涉，干预(+with/in)We have no right to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.我们没有权利干涉别国内政。She wished he wouldnt interfere.她希望他不要干预。真题重现：It means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production.这意味着政府越来越被迫要对这些部门进行干 预，以便逐步提高产量。(2000阅读)409.at in te rva ls每隔一会儿，每隔一段距离interval原始涵义:n.1.间隔;距离(+between)The interval between the two posts measures thirty meters.那两根柱间的距离为三十米。There was an interval of five years between the two civil wars.那两次内战之间间隔了五年。2.【英】(戏剧，音乐会等的)幕间，休息时间造句：Trees are standing at intervals along the street.路两旁树木林立。410.intervene in 干预intervene原始涵义：vi.1.插进;介入;介于中间(+between)Five years has intervened since he last saw Daisy.自从他上一次见到黛西以来，五年过去了。2.干涉,干预;调停They were about to fight when their father intervened.他们的父亲出来调停时，他们已经快要打起来了。3.干扰,阻扰;打扰I shall leave on Sunday if nothing intervenes.若无什么事情发生的话,我将于星期天动身。造句：The Bank of England had been intervening in foreign exchange markets.英格兰银行对外汇市场进行了 F预411.invest.in 投资Invest原始涵义:vt.1.投(资)(+in)He invested all his money in real estate.他把钱全部投资房地产。2.耗费，投入(时间、金钱等)(+in)He invested a lot of time in trying to help retarded children.他把大量时间化在设法帮助弱智儿童上。412.be involved in卷入，参加，使专注同义替换：=become connected or concernedinvolve原始涵义：vt.1.使卷入，连累;牵涉(+in/with)Thats no concern of mine.Im not involved.那与我无关，我未卷入。2.需要，包含，意味着(+in)+v-ingHis work involves occasional journeys.他的工作偶尔需要出差旅行。3.使专注,使忙于(+in)造句：He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.他在聚精会神地写 他的博士论文。真题重现：Anyone closely involved in Patents and inventions soon learns that most new ideas are,in fact,as old as the hills.陷入专利权和发明的任何人很快就会发现大多新的想法事实上就像小山一样陈旧。（1993阅读）413.by its e lf单独地，靠自己同义替换：(=alone,without help)造句：The machine works by itself.机器自行运转。414.in itself 本身；of itself 自发，自然41 5.be jealous o f妒忌的、吃醋的jealous原始涵义：a.1.妒忌的(+of)He was jealous of his friends reputation.他妒忌朋友的声誉。2.吃醋的If other men spoke to her intimately he was immediately jealous.一见到别的男人跟她亲热地交谈，他便会醋劲大发。3.小 心 守护的，惟恐失去的(+of)We are jealous of our hard-won freedom.我们珍惜得来不易的自由。41 6.jump a t抢着接受，同义替换：=to be eager to accept造句：He jumped at the jo b.他欣然接受了这份工作。417.jump on 叱责同义替换：(=scold,tell of)造句：The boss jumped on Bill for his mistakes.老板为比尔做了错事而痛斥他。418.junior to s b.年纪较.轻，职位较.低.junior原始涵义：a.1.年纪较轻的(+to)2.资浅的;地位较低的;晚辈的+My cousin is a junior officer.我表弟是个下级军官。3.【美】(四年制大学或中学中)三年级(生)的4.(置于姓名后表示同名父子中的子或同姓两人中的较年幼者，略作Jr.或jr.)小Mr.Smith Junior is in charge of this department.小史密斯先生负责这个部门的工作。n.1.较年少者I am three years her jun io r.我比她小三岁。2.等级较低者;晚辈Of the two clerks,he is the junior.这两个职员中他职务较低。3.三年级生造句：He is junior to me by two years.他比我小两岁。419.(be)keen on 喜爱，渴望keen原始涵义：a.1.热心的，热衷的,深切的(+on)+to-vMrs.Miller is very keen on a rt.米勒太太对艺术很感兴趣。2.渴望的，极想的(+on)+to-vShe is very keen to visit Canada.她渴望访问加拿大。3.敏锐的，敏捷的His eyes were still keen.他的目光依然敏锐。4.锋利的，锐利的He handed me a knife with a keen edge.他递给我一把锋利的刀。420.keep a close watch on 密切注视同义替换:=keep a sharp lookout for真题重现：Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.(2004 年阅读)421.keep.to oneself 不告诉别人同义替换：(=keep secret)造句：I kept your little secret to myself all these years.422.to(the best of)ones know ledge 据.所知造句：To the best of my knowledge,Ella failed in her final exam last year.423.at large(=at liberty,fre e)在逃，逍遥法外at large(=in general)一般来说，大体上at large(=at full length;with details)详细地造句：The escaped criminal is still at large.逃走的罪犯仍逍遥法外。A few years ago there was unrest in the country at large.几年前全国发生了 动乱。424.lean against(背)靠着.lean原始涵义：vi.1.倾斜They came to Pisa and saw the leaning tower.他们来到了比萨也看到了斜塔。2.倾 身，屈身She leaned down to hear the child.她弯下身子听孩子说话。3.倚，靠 （+on/upon/against）4.依 赖，依靠（+on/upon）We lean on our friends when we are in trouble.我们遇到困难时依靠朋友帮助。5.（见解等）倾向（于）（+to/towards）He leans politically towards conservation.他在政治上倾向于保守主义。vt.1.使倾斜2.把靠在（某种东西上）（+on/upon/against）Lean your head on my shoulder.把你的头靠在我的肩膀上。a.1.（肉）无脂肪的,精瘦的Lean meat is healthier for you than fatty m eat.对你来说,瘦肉比肥肉更有利于 健康。2.（人或动物）瘦的A lean and hungry cat came to our door.一只饥饿的瘦猫走到我家门口。3.贫瘠的;贫乏的;收益差的Its been a lean year for business.这是生意清淡的一-年。4.缺乏营养的造句：She leaned lightly against his shoulder.她轻轻地靠在他的肩上。425.at least 至少；at most 至多造句：He smoked at least half a packet of cigarettes a d a y.彳也每天至少抽半包烟。It will take two hours at most to get there.最多两小时便可到达那里。426.（not）in the least 一点（也不），丝毫（也不）造 句:Im not in the least afraid.我一点也不害怕。427.at ones leisure 在.有空的时候leisure原始涵义:n.1.闲暇，空暇时间I have no leisure for playing cards.我没有闲暇玩牌。2.悠闲，安逸a.1.空闲的;业余的What do you usually do in your leisure tim e?你通常在空闲时间做些什么？2.有闲的，不以工作为生的the leisure class有闲阶级造句：Please come and visit us at your leisure.有空请来我们这里做客。428.lend itself/them selves to 适合于（某用途）造句：The incident seemed to lend itself to dramatization.那件事似适合于编成戏 剧。429.at length（=after a long time,at last）终于at length（=in detail,thoroughly）详细地length原始涵义：n.1.（距离、尺寸的）长度The fish is two feet in length.这条鱼有两英尺长。2.（时间的）长短，期间The length of the movie is two hours.影片长两小时。3.全长;全程We walked the length of the street.我们从街这头走到那头。造句：1.At length,we began to understand what she wanted.最后，我们总算弄清楚她到底要什么。2.He talked at length about his他详细地谈了他的工作。430.go to any length想一切办法，尽一切力量造句：We will go to any length to solve your problem.431.be liable to 易于.的，应受（罚）同义替换：=be subject toliable原始涵义：a.1.、易患.的;易 的（+to）+to-vEvery man is liable to error.每个人都会犯错误。2、会 的，可能的 +to-vThis article is liable to give offence to many people.这篇文章很可能触犯许多人。432.be liable f o r对.应负责任的造 句:The shipping company will be liable for damage.运输公司将对损坏负责。433.lie in 在于真题重现：The basic problem of journalists as the writer pointed out lies in their worldoutlook.作者指出,记者的基本问题在于他们的世界观。（2001阅读）434.in life 一生中造句：Many people do not realize what the most important thing is in life.很多人都没有意识到一生中最重要的东西是什么。435.for life 终身造句：They became friends for life.他们成了终身至交。436.in the light of 考虑到，根据同义替换：=considering;taking into account造句：You cut school so many times that you would be punished in the light of the rules.你旷课次数太多，按照规定是要受处罚的。437.throw light o n使.更为清楚，提供线索，阐明同义替换：=make clear,explain造句：Your statement does not throw light on the subject.你的发言并没有说明问题。438.in line with 符合，一致同义替换:=in agreement with造句：The report predicts that China*s economy will grow 7 percent,in line with last years 7.8 percent grow th.这篇报告预计今年中国经济将增长7%,与去年7.8%的增长基本持平。（CNN）439.long fo r渴望，希望得到同义替换：=want very much造句：They long for a chance to visit Shanghai.他们渴望有机会访问上海。440.for lo n g很久，很长时间（否定句.疑问句中）造句：I havent known him for long.我认识他的时间不久。441.before long不久，过了不久以后.同义替换：=soon 造句：The dictionary will be published before long.这本词典不久就要出版。442.in the long run(=in the end)从长远来说,最后；in the short term(从短期来说)造句：Itll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather.使用真正的皮革最终还是便宜合算的。In the short term,the medicine may not be very effective.从眼前来看，这药可能疗效不是很大。443.(be)at a loss 不知所措loss原始涵义：n.1.丧失;遗失He suffered a temporary loss of memory.他暂时丧失了记忆。2.损失;亏损(额)His death means a great loss to science.他的死是科学的重大损失。3.输，失败The loss of the first game did not discourage them.第一场比赛的失败并没有令他 们沮丧。4.减少，减低When heavy atoms are split in this way some loss of mass occurs.当重原子这样被分裂的时候，就会发生质量的减少。造句：He was at a loss for a suitable reply.他不知所措，找不出合适的答复。444.major in主 修（某课程）major原始涵义：a.1.较大的;较多的The house needs major repairs,这幢房子需要大修。2.主要的，重要的;一流的He is a major w riter.他是位大作家。3.主修的Her major subject is chemistry.她的主修科是化学。4.成年的，达到法定年龄的n.1.成年人，已到法定年龄者2.（大学中的）主修科目vi.1.主修（+in）造句：He majors in Physics.他主修物理。445.as a matter of fact 实际上，事实是造 句:As a matter of fact,Ive never been there before.事实上我从未到过那儿。446.by all means 不惜一切 同义替换:=at all costsby all means 当然行;同义替换：=certainlyby means of ffl.;by no means完全不，决不means原始涵义：n.1.手段,方法;工具It is all a means to an end.这只是达到目的的一种手段。2.财产;财力;收入He is living beyond his means.他入不敷出。造句：1、I will come by all means.我无论如何都回来。2、They succeeded by means of perseverance.他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。3、She is by no means b rig h t.她一点儿也不聪明。447.on memory of 为纪念memory原始涵义：n.1.记忆;记忆力(+for)His phone number has slipped my memory.他的电话号码我记不起来了。2、记忆的范围3、留在记忆中的人(或事物)；回忆The photograph brings back many pleasant memories.这张照片使人回想起许多愉快的往事。4、纪念造句:They dedicated the library on memory of their grandfather.他们用这座图书馆来纪念他们的祖父。448.on the m e n d好转，在康复中同义替换：=in the process of recoveringmend原始涵义：vt.1.修理,修补;缝补He asked her to mend his socks.他叫她替他补袜子。2.改善,改良;纠正，改正He pledged that he would mend his w ays.他保证他将改过自新。3.使愈合;使恢复健康vi.1.渐愈;好转The child is mending nicely.这孩子的病情在很快好转。2.改过;改善The economy is on the m end.经济情况正在好转。It is never too late to m end.改过不嫌晚。n.1.修缮部位The mend in your dress scarcely shows.你衣服上补过的地方几乎看不出来。2.好转;痊愈造句：His health is on the m end.他的健康正在好转中。449.mention sth.to s b.向某人提起某事 mention原始涵义:vt.1.提到，说起They have three dogs to look after,not to mention the cat and the bird.他们有三只狗要照顾，更别提那只猫和鸟了。2.提名表扬Mr.Stevenson was mentioned in the annual report for his cooperation.斯蒂文森先生因乐于合作在年度报告中被提名发扬。n.1.提及，说起The actors wedding got a mention in the newspapers.报上提到了这位演员的婚礼。造句：Did you mention this to the boss?你跟老板提到这事没有？450.at the mercy of 任.摆布，在.支配下同义替换：=in the power ofmercy原始涵义：n.1.慈悲,怜悯;仁慈，宽容The commander showed mercy to the prisoners of war.T令官对战俘十分怜悯。2.仁慈行为，善行3.幸运，侥幸It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake.这次地震中一家人都幸免于难,真是不幸中之大幸。4、救济，救难Distributing food among the homeless was an act of mercy.发配食物给无家可归的人是救苦救难的行为。造句：She was at the mercy of her cruel husband.她任凭残酷的丈夫摆布。451.be in a m ess乱七八糟，处境困难make a mess o f弄乱，打乱mess原始涵义：n.混乱，凌乱的状态Would you please clean up the mess?请你把这些肮脏的东西清理掉好吗？造句：Her hair was in a terrible mess.她的头发乱极了。She made a pretty bad mess of it.她把事情搞得一团糟。452.bear(or keep).in m ind 牢记同义替换：=remember造句：Bear/Keep in mind that youll have to practice economy.记住要厉行节约。453.bring(or call)to m ind 使回想起同义替换：=remember造句：I know this song but I cant bring/call the title to mind.我知道这首歌，但记不起歌名。454.by m istake(由于粗心,健忘原因而)错误地mistake原始涵义：vt.1.弄错，误解You mistook my meaning entirely.你完全误会了我的意思。2.把 误认为(+for)He was mistaken for the minister.人们错把他当作牧师了。3.挑选错;估计错It was wise of you not to mistake your own strength.你没有错误估计自己的力量是明智的。vi.1.弄错，搞错You mistake,my dear.亲爱的，你错了。n.1.错误,过失;误会Tom didn*t make a single spelling mistake in his composition.汤姆在这篇作文里一个字也没拼错。造句：He put salt into his tea by mistake.他把盐误放进茶里。455.at the moment(=now)此刻，现在造句：I am very busy at the moment.我此刻很忙。for the moment(=for the time being)暂时造句：Stop arguing for the moment.暂停争论。just a moment稍等片刻at the last moment 在最后一刻 造句：He finished the job at the last moment.