2022年人教版中考英语总复习 第一部分教材知识梳理 八年级(上)Units 7-8.pdf

八年级（上）Units 7-8教材词汇分层训练净重点单词背记1.paper 纸;纸张2.future.将来;未来3.planet九行星4.earth.地球;世界5.plants.种 植.植物6.part.部分;地区;角色7.sea.海;海洋8.sky九天空9.space.太空;空间10.human adj.人的 .人11.already adv.已经;早已12.even odu甚至;连;愈加13.shape.外形;形状14.side九一方（的意见、态度、立场）15.during prep.在.期间16.holiday.假期;假日17.word.单词;词18.watermelon.西瓜19.spoon.勺;调羹2O.add y.增加;添加21.sugar九食糖.玉米浴物23.machine.机器;机械装置24.hole.洞;孔;坑25.sandwich .夹心面包片;三明治26.piece.片;块;段27.autumn.秋天;秋季28.pie.果馅饼;果馅派29.1111”（使）充满;装满30.cover u遮盖;覆盖.覆盖物;盖子31.temperature.温度;气温;体温净 重 点 单 词 拓 展1 .pollution.污染;污染物t Dollutc 乂 污染 polluted adj.被污染的2.environment.环境一 environmental 力.环境的3.peace.和平;安静一peaceful adj.和平的;安宁的peaceful lv adv平静地;和平地4上uild H建筑:建造-buill（过去式/过去分词）-building九建筑物5.dangerous M.有危险的;不安全的 danger n.危险 endanger u危害;使.遭受危险6.factory .工厂 factories（复数形式）7.Japan.日本一 Japanese adj.日本的;日本人的;日语的.日本人;日语8.believe u相信;认为有可能 believed（过去式/过去分词）一 believable adj.可相信的;可信任的一unbelievable（反义词）的.难以置信的;不真实的t b e lie f儿相信;信心;信念t disbelief 不信丁怀疑9.agree u同意:赞成:应允一 disagree（反义词）“不同意:持不同意见:有分歧agreement.同意;一致lO.fall v.&.倒塌;跌倒;掉落.（美式）秋天fell（过去式）一 fallen（过去分词）-fallen 力.倒下的;落下的11.inside adv.Sc pep.在.里面 outside（反义词）prep.在.外面12.possible。力.可能的:可能存在或发生的impossible（反义词）。的.不可能的;不可能存在或发生的possibly adv,可能:或许 possibility 可能性;可能13.probably odu很可能;大概 probable:力.可能的14.shake .&u抖动:摇动一 shook（过去式）一 shaken（过去分词）15.finally adv.最后:最终t final 力.最后的16.salt几食盐 sally 力.咸的:含盐的17.dig乜 挖（土）:掘（地）:凿（洞）一 duR（过去式/过去分词）digging（现在分词）18.traditional M.传统的;惯例的一 Hadition.传统19.celebrate”庆祝:庆贺celebralion.庆祝活动:庆典2O.prepare v.使做好准备;把.准备好一 DrcDaralion.准备21.mix.混合配料u（使）混合:融合一 mixture.混合物22.serve u服务:接待:提供一 service .服 务:接 待servant .仆 人争重点短语积累l.play a part参与;发挥作用2.i n the future 在未来3.o ver and over again 多次;反复地4.disagree/agree with sb.（不洞意某人（的观点等）5.hundreds of 许多;大量6.look for寻找;寻求7.fall down突然倒下;跌倒;倒塌8.turnon接通（电流、煤气、水等）;打开9.cut up 切碎lO.give thanks for 感谢1 l.mix together 混合在一起12.fill.with 用.填满.13.cover.with.用.覆盖.争核心词汇语境练根据首字母及汉语提示补全单词l.Thc garden is full of different kinds of Dlants（植物）.2.Nowadays,China plays a more and more important part（角色）in the world.3.The musician has successfully mixed（混合）traditional Chinese music and modern Western music.4.Tina didnt Hke the food,so she shook（摇动）her head.5.That waiter didnt want to serve（服务）the impolite customer at all.6.Both sides（一方）believed that everyone could do something fbr the world.7.It is unbelievable to build（建造）a hospital in ten days.8.When autumn(秋天)comes,you need to put on wann clothes.9.Snow covered(覆盖)the mountains and they looked really beautiful.10.Look!They are digging a deep hole(洞)in the garden.熟词生义1 .paper熟义:.纸;纸张(不可数名词)生义:.文件;试卷;报纸;论文(可数名词)(l)Is there any special news in todays paper?(B)(2)You must check your papers carefully in the exams.(C)A.纸 B.报 纸C.试 卷D.论文2.build熟义”建筑;建造生义:也增强;建设;建立.体型;体格;身材(1)The government decided to build a new road to make the villagers5 life easier.(A)(2)The woman who is of medium build is my mom.(D)A.建 造B.增 强C.建 立D.身材3.shape熟义:.外形;形状生义:v.决定的形成;影响的发展;塑造.状况;性质(l)Hes in good shape for a man of his age.(C)(2)Since jiaozi is in the shape of ancient Chinese gold or silver ingots作艮锭),it symbolizes wealth.(A)A.形 状B.影 响的发展C.状 况D.塑造4,tall熟义:也&.倒塌;跌倒;掉落.(美式)秋天生义:也进入(某状态);开始变成(某事物);发生;降临;来临;(数量)减少,下降;(强度)减小(1)When the Spring Festival falls,red flowers bloom(盛 开)on the windows of my home.(2018,安徽)(B)(2)And then he would faU asleep in class.(2014安徽)(C)(3)The price has fhllen by 30 percent/D)A.跌 倒B.来临C.进入(状态)D.下降5.shake熟义:】乙&.摇动;抖动生义.使震惊;颤抖;发抖(l)Give the bottle a goodhake before opening.(A)(2)He was shaken by the news of her death.(C)A.摇 动B.颤 抖C.使震惊6.cover熟义”遮盖;覆盖生义:.封面;覆盖物;盖子北行走(一段路程);涉及;支付;报道(l)While 75%of our planet is covered with water,only about 2%is fresh waterthat comes fromrivers,lakes,ice and snow.(2019安徽)(A)(2)There is an advertisement on the back cover of the book.(B)(3)He covered a total of 2,478 miles and raised$120,000 for kids in need.(2016安徽)(D)A.覆 盖B.封面C.盖 子D.行走(一段路程)名师考点精讲重 点 词 汇考点 1 辨析 a few,few,a little 和 little【教材原句】There will be fewer trees and the environment will be in great danger.树木将会变少，环境将处于巨大危险中。(P50)这四个词既可作形容词，也可作代词，区别如下:肯定意义否定意义后接/代替名词a few（一些，几个）fbw（很少，几乎没有）可数名词复数a little（一点）little（几乎没有）不可数名词有几粒豆子 几乎没有豆子a few beans few beans肯卧9否足口性口定有一点儿水 几乎没有水a little water little water特别提醒（l）a little还可用作程度副词，意为“一点儿”，修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级，而 afew 则没有此用法。（2）not a little 意为 很;非常”,相当于 very mucho活学活用1.一Mom,Sally is coming for dinner this evening.一Theres only beef in the fridge.Let buy some more meat and vegetables.A.a few B.few C.a little D.little【解析】考查形容词。句意:妈妈，萨莉今晚要来吃晚饭。冰箱里只有一点牛肉。我们再去多买些肉和蔬菜吧。根据空前的“only”及语境可知，冰箱里还有一点牛肉。a little“一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义，符合语境。【答案】C2.Could you share me with of your speaking skills?一Yes,rd love to.A.a little B.little C.a few D.few【解析】考查代词。句意:你能和我分享一些你的演讲技巧吗?一可以，我很乐意。根据句中的“skills”及语境可知,a few“一些”，指代可数名词复数,表示肯定意义，符合语境。【答案】C3.一Would you like to go there at 8:30 tomorrow evening?一Why not make it a l i t t l e?Ho w about 8:00?A.late B.laterC.early D.earlier【解析】考查形容词比较级。你想明天晚上八点半去那里吗?为什么不早点呢?八点怎么样?根据空后的“How about 8:00?”及语境可知，后者提议更早一点出发。earlier“更早”，符合语境。【答案】D考点2play a part(in)的用法【教材原句】Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.每个人都应当尽一份力来拯救地球。(P50)pay a part(in)意为“参与(中);(在中)起作用“。例如：He plays a very important part in this match.他在这场比赛中起着非常重要的作用。拓展延伸play a role(in)意为“(在.中)扮演角色;(在.中)起作用”,与play a part(in)意思相近。例如：He was invited to play a role in this TV play.他被邀请在这个电视剧里扮演一个角色。活学活用一Lucy,why not play a in their discussion?一Im sorry,but I know nothing about the topic.A.part B.game C.joke D.show【解析】考查名词。句意:露西，为什么不参与他们的讨论呢?抱歉，我对那个话题一无所知。根据句意可知,play a part(in)”参与.”,符合语境。【答案】A考点3believe的用法【教材原句】However,some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people,it will be difficult tomake them really think like a human.然而，一些科学家认为，尽管我们可以让机器人像人一样移动,但要让它们真正像人一样思考是很困难的。(P53)believe作动词，意为“相信”，指相信事物的真实性或相信某人说的话，引申含义为“信赖;信仰”;还可以意为“想;认为，相当于supposeo 其用法总结如下:厂believe sb.相信某人（说的话）一 believe in sb.信任某人（强调人格品质）believesb./sth.（to be）+adj./n相信ZiA为某人媒物是,believe T believe(that)相信以为一（believe in.信奉（宗教、信仰）;相信的 存 句 Its believed that.人们相信/认为,T believe it or not 信不信由你 J活学活用1.一Can you tell me how to make friends with others?一Sure.First of all,you must learn to others.Trust is the most important.A.believe B.wait C.touch D.compare【解析】考查动词。句意:你能告诉我如何和他人交朋友吗?当然。首先，你必须学会相信他人。信任是最重要的。believe 相信二符合语境。【答案】A2.Mom,I won the first prize in the writing competition!Wonderful!As long as you yourself and keep trying,you will succeed.A.dress up B.believe inC.pick up D.leave out【解析】考查动词短语。句意:妈妈,我在这次写作比赛中得了第一名!太棒了!只要你相信自己并不断努力,你就会成功。dress up“打扮”;believe in“相信”;pick up 捡起”;leave out遗漏;不考虑【答案】B3.一Are you glad to hear from your sister?一Of c o u r s e.,1 dreamed about her several nights.A.Whats more B.That is to sayC.ln other words D.Believe it or not【解析】考查交际用语。句意:收到你妹妹的来信你开心吗?当然。信不信由你,有好几个晚上我做梦梦见她了。A 项意为“而且;更重要的是”;B 项意为“那就是说”;C 项意为“换句话说”。D 项意为“信不信由你”，符合语境。【答案】D考点4agree的用法【教材原句】However,they agree it may take hundreds of years.然而，他们一致认为这可能需要数百年的时间 （P53）agree作动词，意为“同意;赞成;应允”。其常见用法如下：活学活用1 .（2021 江苏南京）一I think art should be about creating beautiful objects.-.Thats a very old-fashioned way of looking at art.A.My pleasure B.It doesnt matterC.Take it easyD.I dont agree【解析】考查交际用语。句意:一我认为艺术应该是创造美丽的事物。我不同意。这种看待艺术的方式已经过时了。根据答语中的“Thats a very old-fashioned way of looking at art.“可知,后者不同意前者的观点。D 项意为“我不同意，符合语境。【答案】D2.（2021黑龙江龙东农垦、森工改编）If you want to ask for sick leave,you must get your teacher5sfirst.A.achi evement B.agreementC.instrument D.development【解析】考查名词。句意:如果你想请病假,你必须先征得老师的同意。B 项意为“同意，赞同”，符合语境。A 项意为“成就”;C 项意为“仪器;工具;乐器”;D 项意为“发展”。【答案】B3.Most of the club members agreed the plan.Only a few were against it.A.by B.from C.to D.of【解析】考查介词。句意:大部分俱乐部成员都同意这个计戈h只有少数人反对。agree to sth.意为“同意某事”,符合语境。【答案】C4.1 didnt agr ee him because I thought he was wrong.A.with B.on C.to D.of【解析】考查介词。句意:我不同意他(的观点)因为我认为他是错的。固定搭配agree with sb.,意为“同意某人的观点”,符合语境。【答案】A考 点5look for的用法【教材原句】If buildings fall down with people inside,these snake robots can help look for people under the buildings.如果建筑物倒塌，并且里面有人的话，这些蛇形机器人就能帮助寻找被压在建筑物底下的人。(P53)lookfbr意为“寻找;寻求“，是固定短语。例如：He is looking for his lost child.他正在寻找他走失的孩子。妙辨异同辨析 look for,search,find 和 find out(l)look fo r指有目的地“寻找”不见的或丢失的东西，还没有找到，处在寻找的过程中。例如：What are you looking for?你在找什么呢？一Im looking for my eraser.我在找我的橡皮。(2)search更侧重“搜寻、搜索”的意思，范围较广。常用结构:search for sth.“查找某物”;search.fbr sth./sb.“为了找到某物/人而搜查”。例如：Theyre searching the jungle for the spy.他们在丛林中搜查那个间谍。(3)find指“找到”，强调寻找的结果。例如：I looked for my umbrella everywhere,but I couldnt find it.我到处找我的雨伞，可是找不着。(4)find o u t主要指通过理解、分析、思考、询问等“查明”一个事实真相,找出不容易被发现的东西。例如：Lets work in a team to find out the problem.让我们合作找出问题的所在。活学活用1.（2021 黑龙江绥化改编）Mom,could you help me my toy car?I cant it anywhere!A.look for;find B.find;look forC.look;find out D.look for;find out【解析】考查动词和动词短语。句意:妈妈,你能帮我找一下我的玩具汽车吗?我到处都找不到它!根据句意可知，第一个空表示“帮忙找”，强调动作，应用look for;第二个空表示“找到”，强调结果，应用findo【答案】A2.（2021 山东滨州）Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist.When he was a child,he liked to howthings worked.A.set out B.find outC.leave out D.bring out【解析】考查动词短语。句意:潘建伟已经成为一位著名的科学家。当他还是个孩子的时候，他就喜欢弄清楚事物是如何运作的。find out”查明;弄清“，符合语境。【答案】B考点6fill的用法【教材原句】Next,fill the turkey with this bread mix.接下来，用面包混合物填满火鸡。（P61）伟1意为“（使）充满;装满”，可指填满空间、填充空白、填写表格等。l.fill既可作不及物动词，也可作及物动词。（1）用作不及物动词时,主动形式常含有被动意义。例如：The hall soon filled.大厅里很快就挤满了人。（2）用作及物动词时，可接名词或代词作宾语。例如：Laughter filled the room.房间里充满了笑声。Please fill a glass of wine fbr me.请给我斟一杯酒。2.常见短语:fill in填写:填入”;fill.with.“用装满/充满”（表示动作）;be filled with.”被装满/充满着”（表示状态）,相当于be ML of。例如：Please fill in your name and your telephone number.请填写你的名字和电话号码。The schoolbag is filled with/full of books.书包里装满了书。活学活用What do you think of the Hi-tech Fair in Shenzhen Bay?You cant miss it!The show room different models.A.is filled with B.is made ofC.is covered with D.is known to【解析】考查动词短语。句意:你觉得深圳湾的高新技术展览会怎么样?你不能错过!展厅里摆满了不同的模型。be filled with充满，符合语境。be made o俨由 制造”;be covered with”被覆盖”;be known to”为 所知【答案】A重 点 句 型考点 7In the future,there will be less fresh water because there will be more pollution in the sea.在将来，淡水会更少，因为海洋中将会有更多的污染。(P51)动词原形”是一般将来时的一种表达形式，表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。2.在表示“带意愿色彩的糠米”时，赏用助动词加诅。例如：I will tell you all about it.我会告诉你有关它的一切。3.Will you.?常用于表示请求、邀请或建议对方做某事。例如：Will you send this letter for me,please?请你替我把这封信寄出去行吗？Will you come to my birthday party on Friday?你周五能来参加我的生日派对吗？拓展延伸(1)在疑问句中，主语为第一人称(I和we)时，常用助动词shallo例如：Where shall we have the party?我们要在哪里举办聚会？(2)在书面语中，主语为第一人称(I和we)时,也常用助动词shall。但在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。例如：I shall write you a letter next month.下个月我会给你写封信。活学活用(2021 广西梧州)一Is Helen here?No,she isnt here.She in half an hour.A.arrivesB.arrivedC.will arrive D.has arrived【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:海伦在这里吗?不，她不在。她还有半小时就到。根据句意及空后的“in half an hour”可知，空处应用一般将来时。【答案】C安徽中考真题精选I.单项填空1.（2016安徽第 43 题）,Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival by enjoying the fullmoon and eating mooncakes.（D）A.Quickly B.SuddenlyC.Secretly D.Traditionally2.（2014-安徽第 41 题）Mr.Wang has left for Guangzhou.He a speech there in two days.（C）A.gives B.gaveC.will give D.has given3.（2012,安徽第 36 题）Welcome to our hotel!I hope youll have a good time your stayhere.（B）A.after B.during C.with D.since4.（2012安徽第 49 题）The task in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.（B）A.was finished B.will be finishedC.has been finished D.cant be finishedn.单词拼写1 .（2021 安徽第 80 题）With the development of technology,space（太空）travel will be a common thing.2.（2018 安徽第 94 题）A good hobby adds（增加）a lot of fun to our spare life.3.（2017安徽第 92 题）My father T-shirt has completely lost its shape（形状）.4.（2012安徽第 100 题）Make sure you put all the answers in your paper（试卷）before handing it in.