2021年河北省高考英语总复习：阅读理解.pdf
2021年河北省高考英语总复习：阅读理解1.Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goalof earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated fromUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn abachelors degree.Mauer,of Edgar,Wisconsin,grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dadworked at a job away from the farm,and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After highschool,Jennifer attended a local technical college,working to pay her tuition（学费），becausethere was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation,she worked tohelp her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back tocollege to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing somethingshe loves：nursing.She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospitalin Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.She coulddrive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great supportfrom her family as she worked to earn her degree：Her husband worked two jobs to cover thebills,and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all,she remained in good academic standing and graduated withhonors.Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal,giving up many nights with her kids andmissing important events to study.Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pickbetween my kids and studying for exams or papers,she says.However,her children havelearned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that*s pretty powerful.（1）What did Jennifer do after high school?CA.She helped her dad with his work.B.She ran the family farm on her own.C.She supported herself through college.D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.第1页 共4 6页(2)Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield?AA.To take care of her kids easily.B.To learn from the best nurses.C.To save money for her parents.D.To find a well-paid job there.(3)What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?BA.Her health.B.Her time with family.C.Her reputation.D.Her chance of promotion.(4)What can we learn from Jennifers story?CA.Time is money.B.Love breaks down barriers.C.Hard work pays off.D.Education is the key to success.【解答】(1)C.细节理解题.根据第二段 After high school,Jennifer attended a localtechnical college,working to pay her tuition(学费)，詹妮弗去了 当地的一所技术学院，工作以支付她的学费，可知她自食其力读完技术学院.故选C.(2)A.细节理解题.根据第三段 She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry SaintJosephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close tohome.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.她选择了威斯康星州马士菲尔德圣约瑟夫医院的U W-Eau-C laire项目，因为她可以在离家较近的地方，她可以开车去上课，晚上回家帮助孩子.可知詹妮弗要在马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院做这个项目，能够更方便照顾孩子.故选A.(3)B.细节理解题.根据最后段 Through it all,she remained in good academic standingand graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal,giving up manynights with her kids and missing important events to study.在这一切中，她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业.詹妮弗为了实现自己的目标而牺牲，放弃了和孩子们在一起的许多夜晚，也错过了孩子重要的学习活动.可知詹妮弗为了达到她的目标牺第2页 共4 6页牲了她和家人在一起的时间.故选B.（4）C.推理判断题.本文讲述詹妮弗莫尔因为出生贫穷，自食其力读完技术学院，后来结婚后，又边照顾孩子，边攻读四年制学位，并以优异成绩毕业.告诉我们讴歌道理：努力工作有回报.故选C.2.The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientificresearch.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated withhouseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a stepfurther-changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves toshow when theyYe short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals inground water.Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of thethings that we use every day,explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineeringat MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow（发光）in experiments using somecommon vegetables.Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just astart.The technology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turntrees into self-powered street lamps.In the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayedonto plant leaves in a on-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers arealso trying to develop an on and off switch where the glow would fade when exposed todaylight.Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lightingis often far removed from the power source（电源）-such as the distance from a power plantto street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.第3页 共4 6页(1)What is the first paragraph mainly about?DA.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from various workplaces.D.Benefits from green plants.(2)What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?AA.To detect plants*lack of water.B To change compositions of plants.C.To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.(3)What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?CA.They will speed up energy production.B.They may transmit electricity to the home.C.They might help reduce energy consumption.D.They could take the place of power plants.(4)Which of the following can be the best title for the text?CA.Can we grow more glowing plants?B.How do we live with glowing plants?C.Could glowing plants replace lamps?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?【解答】(1)D.段落大意题.根据第一段的 A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,forexample,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated withhouseplants.例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市中较绿色的地区犯罪率较低，而在另一个地区，当工作场所装饰室内植物时，员工的工作效率提高了 15%,可知，本段主要介绍绿色植物的好处.故选D.(2)A.细节理解题.根据第二段的 These include plants that have sensors printed onto theirleaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals ingroundwater.其中包括在叶子上印上传感器以显示缺水的植物，以及能够检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物.可知，麻省理工学院工程师在植物叶子上打印的传感器的功能是第4页 共4 6页检测植物的缺水情况.故选A.(3)C.推理判断题.根据第三段的 The technology,Strano said,could one day be usedto light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.斯特拉诺说，这项技术有朝一日可以用来照亮房间，甚至可以把树变成自动供电的路灯.可知，我们预计这些发光的植物将来可能有助于减少能源消耗.故选C.(4)C.标题判断题.根据全文和第三段 One of his latest projects has been to make plantsglow(发 光)in experiments using some common vegetables*The technology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered streetlam ps.他最近的一个项目是用一些普通蔬菜做实验，让植物发光斯特拉诺说，这项技术有朝一日可以用来照亮房间，甚至可以把树变成自动供电的路灯.可知文章主要介绍一种会发光的植物可能代替路灯.Could glowing plants replace lam ps?是合适的标题.故 选 C.3.Heads up!Across the country,sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.Now,the American Medical Association(AMA)has a new set of guidelines aimed at protectingplayers from the danger of concussions-serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring thatthe appropriate guidelines are in place,we can reduce the number of young athletes who mayreturn to the game too soon,which can put their health at further risk,“said AMA BoardMember Jack Resneck JrM.D.in a statement.The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off thefield as soon as possible.Then,they are only to return to their sport with a doctors writtenapproval.The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and athleticorganizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC),a concussion is atype of traumatic(仓 U 伤)brain injury caused by a bump,blow,or jolt to the head or hit tothe body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.This type ofmovement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull(颅骨).It candamage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused bysports and recreation-related activities occur in the U.S.every year.A study from the第5页 共4 6页Center tor Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40%of high school athletesreturn to playing before they should.The AMAs new guidelines should help to bring thosenumbers down.(1)Why does the AMA set the new guidelines?BA.To raise safety standards of sports.B.To protect athletes from concussions.C.To set rules for health care evaluation.D.To help players return to the game quickly.(2)What should young athletes who may have a concussion do?CA.Avoid using the head.B.Leave the field forever.C.Get treatment in time.D.Switch to another sport.(3)What is paragraph 4 mainly about?AA.What a concussion is.B.What causes damage to brain cells.C.How the CDC works.D.How a concussion can be prevented.(4)Which of the following is the best title for the text?BA.Rules for Safer PlayB.Sports Injuries in the USC.Advice to AthletesD.New Policies for Doctors【解答】1.B.细节理解题.根据第一段Now,the American Medical Association(AMA)has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions-serious injuries caused by a blow to the h ead.现在，美国医学协会(A M A)制定了一套新的指导方针，旨在保护运动员免受因头部撞击而造成的脑震荡严重伤害的危险.可知，AMA制定新的指导方针是为了保护运动员免受脑震荡.故选B.2.C.细节理解题.根据第三段 The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a第6页 共4 6页concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible.该政策建议，可能有脑震荡的年轻运动员应尽快被带出赛场.可知，有脑震荡的年轻运动员应该及时得到治疗.故选C.3.A.细节理解题.根据第四段 According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC）,a concussion is a type of traumatic（仓 U 伤）brain injury caused by a bump,blow,or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back andf o r th.根据疾病预防控制中心（CDC）的说法，脑震荡是由头部撞击，撞击或颠簸或撞击身体而导致头部和大脑移动而引起的一种创伤性（受伤）脑损伤迅速来回.可知，第 4段主要讲述了脑震荡是什么.故选A.4.B.主旨大意题.阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了在全国范围内，运动伤害是年轻运动员的安全隐患.现在，美国医学协会（AMA）制定了一套新的指导方针，旨在保护运动员免受因头部撞击而造成的脑震荡严重伤害的危险.故选B.4.Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researcherssaid puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children atthe University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 laterdevelop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition（认知）after controlling for differences in parents*income,education and the amount of parenttalk,Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everydayactivities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of agehave better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasksthat assessed their ability to rotate（旋转）and translate shapes,Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and abouthalf of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parentstended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who playedwith puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzlesthan girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active duringpuzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.第7页 共4 6页(1)In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?BA.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.(2)What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?CA.Parents age.B.Childrens imagination.C Parents education.D.Child-parent relationship.(3)How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?DA.They play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(4)What is the text mainly about?BA.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologist.D.A teaching program.【解答】(1)B.细节理解题.根据第二段的Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert onmathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children whoplay with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial sk ills.芝加哥大学幼儿数学发展专家、心理学家苏珊莱 文(Susan Levine)发现，在 2 岁至4 岁之间玩拼图游戏的儿童后来会发展出更好的空间技能.可知，拼图游戏对儿童发展空间技能有益.故选B.(2)C.细节理解题.根据第二段的 Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor ofcognition(认 知)after controlling for differences in parents*income,education and theamount of parent talk,Levine sa id.莱文说，在控制了父母收入、教育程度和家长谈话量第8页 共4 6页的差异后，拼图游戏被发现是认知能力的一个显著预测因子.可知，莱文在设计她实验时考虑到了父母的教育.故选C.(3)D.细节理解题.根据第五段的 However,boys tended to play with more complexpuzzles than girls然而，男孩往往比女孩玩更复杂的拼图，可知，男孩和女孩的不同在于他们可能会玩更难的拼图.故选D.(4)B.主旨大意题.根据全文和第三段的 The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play withpuzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 monthsof a g e.研究人员分析了 53对儿童家长在家中日常活动的视频记录，发现在26至 46个月大之间玩拼图游戏的儿童在54个月大时的空间技能更好,可知，文章是关于一个关于拼图对孩子益处的科学研究.A.A mathematical method数学方法；B.A scientific study科学研究；C.A woman psychologist女心理学家；D.A teaching program教学课程.故选 B.5.With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(iM独)，morefamilies are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law：she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their twodaughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of agrowing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the sameroof.They share a front door and a washing machine,but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cutsin：We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-la w.”And what does Nick think?From my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.WouldI recommend it?Yes,I think I would.uIts hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that thenumbers have been rising for some time.Official reports sugge
