新概念二册语法精粹.pdf
新概念二册语法精粹一、一般现在时一、一般现在时：1.构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。(1)直接加s,works,takes(2)以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i，再加es，carry-carries(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加es,goes dresses watches brushes2.功能：(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作:eg:Birds fly.She loves music.Marys parentsget up very early.(2)表习惯性动作或职业，常与 often,sometimes,usually,always,every week,seldom,occasionally,frequently 等时间副词连用。eg:I always take a walkafter supper.She writes to me very often.Tom and his girlfriend go out totake a picnic occasionally.(3)表客观真理，格言警句或事实:The earth moves round the sun.The sunrises in the east and sets in the west.Two and two makes four.No man buterrs.人非圣贤，熟能无过。(4)表将来：A.在由 when,after,before,as,as soon as,although,because,if,evenif,in case,till,until,unless,so long as,where,whatever,wherever 等弓I导的状语从句中用般现在时表将来发生的动作。(黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它！)例如：Ill tell her when shecomes tomorrow.Even ifit rains this afternoon,Illmeet you.Whatever happens,you should keep cool-headed.(不错的句型，背下！)Ill be right here waiting for you wherever you g o.(很感人的句型!)B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。The play begins at 6:30 this evening.When does the plane take off?He leaves for that city next week.According to the timetable,the express train to Shanghai starts at nine inthe morning.（按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7 点出发。）测试精编1.The Browns a nice car and Browns brother a nice jeep.A.have/have B.has/has C.have/has D.has/have2.If their house not like ours,what it look like?A.is/is B.is/does C.does/does D.does/is3.-you think he will come?-If it tomorrow,he will notcome.A.Do/rains B.Are/rains C.Do/will rain D.Are/will rain4.The little child not even know that the moon around theearth.A.do/move B.do/moves C.does/moves D.did/moved5.Many a student fond of films,but a good student seldomto the cinemaA.are/goes B.is/goes C.are/go D.is/go新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习（二）二、现在进行时：is/am/are+现在分词1.表示现在正在进行的动作。如The kettle is boiling.Shall I make tea?Dont you think you eat too much?Youre putting on weight（体重增加）。The workers are building a new bridge across the river.2.表现阶段正进行的动作He is taking physics this semester（本学期）。Weare preparing for our final examination this week.3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行:时.态时表示即将开始的动作。Look!The bus is coming.#!车来了！The old man is seriously ill,and he isdying.Alice is leaving for Beijing with her mother.4.与 always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用，表示说话人带有感*彩：赞赏或厌恶。He is always thinking of others.（他总是想着别人。）The boy is continually making noises.（这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。）The teacher is constantly（always）criticizing her for being late.（老师-一 直 在批评她迟到。）5.下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。（此条戒律请 背 10遍！）believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），see（看见），hear（听见），know（知道），understand（理解），belong（属于），think（认为），consider（认为），feel（觉得），look（看起来），seem（看上去），show（显示），mind（介意），have（有），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），require（要求），possess（拥有），care（关心），like（喜欢），hate（讨厌），love（喜爱），detest（憎恨），desire（意欲）【简单记忆】：永远不要说Im believing或 He is seeing a house.再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！注意:have a party/think about可以用进行时，因为这里have意为 举行;think意为“考虑”。测试精编：1.How can you If you are not?A.listening/hearing B.hear/listeningC.be listening/heard D.be hearing/listening to2.The girl even wont have her lunch before she her homework.A.will finish B.is finishing C.had finished D.finishes3.Those who have applied for the post（职位）in the office.（止 匕 题超前）A.are being interviewed B.are interviewingC.interviewing D.to be interviewing4.The old scientist to do more for the country.A.is wishing B.has been wishing C.wishes D.has been wished5.If he,dont wake him up.A.still sleeps B.is still sleepingC.still has been sleeping D.will be sleeping still新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习（三）一般过去时。1 ,表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。We visited the school last spring.I went to school by bike when I was in middle school.China was founded in 1949.2.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。（参）She told me that she would not go with us if it rained the next day.They would not leave until she came back.My friend promised to marry me once she made her final decision.3.一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异：（别以为这很简单，下面的差异你不一定明白。）Her brother was a chemist.（已去世）Her brother is a chemist.（尚健在）新概念二册语法精粹四.过去进行时：were/was+现在分词1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening.When I arrived,they were watching TV.They were doing housework this time last week.2.用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。She told me to wake him up if she was sleeping.I asked my friend to warn me about it as long as I was driving too fast.3.过去某时将发生的事。可参考一2（4）They told me that they were leaving for New York.He was going out when I arrived.新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习（五）现在完成时：have I has+过去分词1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet,just,before,recently,lately（最近），ever,never 等表时间的副词搭配使用。He hasnt seenher lately.I havent finished the book yet.2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：s。far（迄今为止），up till now（直至ij现在），since,for a long time（很长时间），up to present（直至现在），in the past/inthe last few years（在过去的儿年里）,these days（目前）.He has workedhere for 15 years.I have studied English since I came here.The foreignerhas been away from China for a long time.So far,I havent received asingle letter from my brother.3.某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。黄金要点：I.常见的非延续动词：die,arrive（到达），join（加入），leave（离开），go,refuse（拒 绝），fail（失败），finish,buy,marry,divorce（离婚），awake（醒），buy,borrow,lend.（背三遍！）II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由foi引导的时间状语。III.但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。She has gone away for a month.（误）She has been away for a month（正）The man has died for two years.（误）The man has been dead for twoyears.（正）How long have youbought the book?（误）How long have yougot the book.（IE）4.注 意 since的用法：They havent had any troublesince they came here.*It has been ten yearssince we met last time.He has been heresince 1980.He has been heresince ten years ago.5.几组对比：He has gone to Shanghai.他至U 上海去了。*He has been to Shanghai.他去过上海。*She has gone.她已走了。*She is gone.她缺席了。（oi她死了。）The door has been closed.门关上了。（动作）The door is closed.门是关着的。（状态）新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习（六）英语句型基本结构精要：五种基本句型1.主+谓（不及物动词）Man can think.The fire is burning.不可忽视：常用不及物动词有break,breathe,burn,smoke,swim,skate,appear,disappear,work,think etc.2.主+谓+表语(系动词)He became a scientist.She is getting more and more beautiful.不可忽视:常用系动词:be,get,turn,feel,seem,appear,looktaste,sound,smell,become,go,prove etc.3.主+谓+宾(及物动词)We love peace.They will paint the door.常用动词有：see,watch,need,love,like,study,answer,carry,etc.4.主+谓+宾+宾补We elected him president.They painted the door white.I advised thestudents to recite the texts.王牌重点：常用作宾补的形式：(请将每个例句大声朗读一遍)(1)名词：The couple named their baby Johnson.(2)形容词:I keep the door open.(3)副词：The naughty boy knocked the bottle over.(4)不定式：He ordered his men to fire.(5)分词：He heard me singing.I saw the vase broken.(6)介词短语:They look on him as a teacher.(7)名词性从句：I asked him what he was doing.5.(1)主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语My friend bought me a gift.I passed him the book.（2）主+谓+直宾+介词+间宾My friend bought a gift for me.I passed the book to him.忘记就意味着背叛一常与介词fo r搭配的动词有：buy,make,do get,play,call,choose,cook,fetch,find,keep order,save,etc.常与介词to 搭配的动词有：bring,give,grant,hand,pass,lend,offer,pay,promise,sell,send,show,each,tell,throw,write,etc.新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习（七）七.过去完成时：had+过去分词1 .表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去”。They had got everything ready before I came.The play had begunbefore I got to the theater with my boyfriend.2.过去完成时常用于 hardly/scarcely.when,no sooner.than 等固定句型结构中。（此乃超级重点句型，意为：“一就”）She had hardly/scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang.No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents.（注 意 no sooner在句首时句型倒装。）3.intend（打算），mean（意味），hope（希望），want（想要），plan（计划）等动词的过去完成时 用 来表示本打算做而没有做的事。I had intended to call on you yesterday,but someone came to see me justwhen I was about to le a ve.（.原想昨天去看你.）They had planed to hold a football match last week,but they had to cancelit because the bad weather.（.原计划上周举行-场足球赛.）
