麻醉的气道管理.pptx
麻醉的气道管理麻醉的气道管理Topics for DiscussionAirway Maintenance ObjectivesAirway A&P ReviewCauses of Respiratory Difficulty&DistressAssessing Respiratory FunctionMethods of Airway ManagementMethods of Ventilatory ManagementCommon Out-of-Hospital Equipment UtilizedAdvanced Methods of Airway Mgmt&VentilationsRisks to the ParamedicObjectives of Airway Management&VentilationPrimary Objective:Ensure optimal ventilationDeliver oxygen to the bloodEliminate carbon dioxide(C02)from the bodyDefinitionsWhat is Airway Management?How does it differ from spontaneous,manual or assisted Ventilations?Objectives of Airway Management&VentilationWhy is this so important?Brain death occurs rapidly;Other tissue followsEMS providers can reduce additional injury/diseaseEMS providers often neglect BLS airway&ventilation skillsAirway Anatomy ReviewAnatomy of the Upper AirwayAnatomy of the Lower AirwayLung Capacities/VolumesPediatric Airway DifferencesAnatomy of the Upper AirwayFunctions:Warm,Filter,HumidifyNasopharynxformed by union of facial bonesnasal floor towards ear not eyelined with mucous membranes and ciliatissues are delicate and vascularAnatomy of the Upper AirwayOropharynxTeethTongueLg muscle attached at mandible and hyoid bonesMost common airway obstructionPalateRoof of mouthSeparates oro-&nasopharynxAnterior=hard palate;Posterior=soft palateAnatomy of the Upper AirwayOropharynxAdenoidslymph tissue-filters bacteriacommonly infectedEpiglottisPrevents aspirationDirects air vs.otherVallecula“pocket”formed by the base of tongue&epiglottisAnatomy of the Upper AirwayAnatomy of the Upper AirwaySinusescavities formed by cranial bonesact as tributaries for fluid to&from eustachian tubes&tear ductstrap bacteria,commonly infectedAnatomy of the Upper AirwayLarynxattached to hyoid bonehyoid:horseshoe shaped bone(cartilage)hyoid supports tracheathyroid cartilagefirst tracheal cartilage-shield shapedcartilage anterior but smooth muscle posterior“Adams Apple”Glottic opening directly behind
