加工中心刀柄结构说明培训讲学.ppt
加工中心刀柄结构说明Two Face Contact&HSK holders/两面接触两面接触HSK刀柄刀柄Centrifugal force from fast spindle speeds can cause the tool holder to retract when the spindle and holder touch only along the taper.Two-face contact at the spindle interface can solve this problem.HSK is a widely used tool holder design that features two-face contact对于仅仅是锥度连接的刀夹系统来说，对于仅仅是锥度连接的刀夹系统来说，当主轴在高速旋转的情况下，因为主轴当主轴在高速旋转的情况下，因为主轴本身锥孔的膨胀，而主轴和刀柄的连接本身锥孔的膨胀，而主轴和刀柄的连接又仅仅是通过锥度面连接，此时刀柄受又仅仅是通过锥度面连接，此时刀柄受到拉力的影响会有一个回缩。到拉力的影响会有一个回缩。两面接触的连接方式有助于解决该问两面接触的连接方式有助于解决该问题。题。HSK即是被广泛使用的一种两面接即是被广泛使用的一种两面接触的刀夹系统。触的刀夹系统。Balance/动平衡动平衡Balance measures the distribution of weight of the tool and tool holder together.A perfectly balanced tool/tool holder combination would not generate any centrifugal force as it spins.But in reality,some part of this combined weight will be unbalanced.The unbalance will produce a vibration at a frequency equal to the spindle RPM.If the unbalance amount is small,this vibration will also be small.动平衡的测量需要将刀具和刀柄整体进行。在主轴旋转时好的动平衡刀柄和刀具结合不会产生任何的离心力。但是实际上完全的动平衡是不存在的。在主轴旋转时动不平衡将产生周期性的震动。如果动不平衡量很小，那么这种震动也会很微弱。Balance&Concentricity/动平衡和同心度动平衡和同心度Weight does not have to be symmetrical to reduce centrifugal force,just balanced.An unbalanced weight can be balanced by any counterweight having the same product of mass radius.For example,the weights shown here balance one another.The masses are different,but where they are positioned makes up for this difference.旋转体上质量并不一定要均匀分布才旋转体上质量并不一定要均匀分布才能减小离心力，只要平衡就可以了。能减小离心力，只要平衡就可以了。一个不平衡的重量可以被任何的方向一个不平衡的重量可以被任何的方向相反大小相等的平衡力相反大小相等的平衡力(质量质量 半径半径)抵抵消。比如左图的一个示例消。比如左图的一个示例。It is possible to imagine a tool/tool holder system that is balanced without being concentric.In this drawing,the cutting tool is off center,but the counterweight compensates for the resulting unbalance.This tool and tool holder may not cut evenly,but together they will spin without vibration from centrifugal force.可以想象同心度不好的刀具刀夹系统可以想象同心度不好的刀具刀夹系统也可以有好的动平衡。在图中，刀具也可以有好的动平衡。在图中，刀具中心偏移，但是图中的红色部位可以中心偏移，但是图中的红色部位可以补偿因此带来的动不平衡量。虽然像补偿因此带来的动不平衡量。虽然像这种刀具切削不能进行均匀的切削，这种刀具切削不能进行均匀的切削，但是不会因为动平衡离心力的影响产但是不会因为动平衡离心力的影响产生震动生震动。Balance&Concentricity/动平衡和同心度动平衡和同心度It is also possible for a tool/tool holder system to be concentric but not balanced.A tool holder with a set screw is an example of this.Even if the tool holder holds the tool perfectly concentric,the weight of the screw itself would not be balanced.This tool holder will cause vibration when spun.同样对于同心度好的刀具也可能动平同样对于同心度好的刀具也可能动平衡不好。如图所示的带紧固螺钉的刀衡不好。如图所示的带紧固螺钉的刀柄。虽然它有很好的同心度，但是它柄。虽然它有很好的同心度，但是它在圆周上的质量分部不均匀，因此在在圆周上的质量分部不均匀，因此在高速旋转时会产生震动高速旋转时会产生震动。Balance&Concentricity/动平衡和同心度动平衡和同心度Holders for Good Concentricity/优良同心度优良同心度Though a high quality Collet Chuck can achieve tight concentricity,there are alternatives to the Collet Chucks that can make this concentricity easier to achieve.高质量的弹簧夹的适用可以获得好的同心度，但是的刀夹高质量的弹簧夹的适用可以获得好的同心度，但是的刀夹系统也可以获得同样的效果，比如烧结式的刀柄。系统也可以获得同样的效果，比如烧结式的刀柄。Shrink Fit Holders/热缩型刀柄热缩型刀柄1-Thetoolholderisheatedpreciselyattheclampingareausingstate-of-the-artinductiontechnology.Theclampingdiameterexpands.2-Thecoldtoolshankisinsertedintotheheatedtoolholder.3-Theheatshrinktoolholderiscooled.Theclampingdiameterreturnstoitsoriginaldimensionandclampsthetoolshank.4-Toolchangesarecarriedoutinsecondsthankstoinductiveheating.Theheatshrinktoolholderandthetoolshankformahomogenousunit!1、应用感应加热技术加热刀柄上刀具装夹部位，使它的直径会膨胀；2、再将冷的刀杆放入热的刀柄；3、冷却刀柄装夹部位，使其直径回复至初始尺寸并夹紧刀具；4、在取出时，由于刀具和刀柄一起进行感应加热，因此不能使用与刀柄有一样的热膨胀系数的刀具进行装夹。Principle of shrink fit/热缩型刀柄装夹原理热缩型刀柄装夹原理 加热取出加热取出 冷却夹紧冷却夹紧 环境温度环境温度 加热加热 装夹装夹Hydraulic Chucks/液压夹头液压夹头A-TheclampingscrewisscrewedinuptothestopusinganAllenkey.B-TheclampingpistonpressesthehydraulicmediumintotheC-expansionchamberandcausesariseinpressureD-Thethin-walledexpansionbushisuniformlyarchedagainstthetoolshank.ThetoolshankiscenteredandthenclampedpowerfullyanduniformlyacrosstheentiresurfaceduringthisclampingprocessE-Specialsealingelement.Ensuresperfectsealingandahighservicelife.Theresult:Absolutelyprecise,powerfulandcentricclampingwithexcellentrunoutcharacteristicsandarun-outaccuracyof0.003mmA-锁紧螺钉，使用内六角扳手将锁紧螺钉拧紧；B-锁紧活塞，将液压媒质压入膨胀室；C-膨胀室，受液体挤压产生压力；D-薄膨胀衬套，在锁紧过程中使刀具装夹杆中心定位并均匀包络。E-特殊密封件，确保理想的密封和长的使用寿命；特点：非常高的精度、锁紧力大、中心固定，具有很好的跳动值0.003mmMechanical Deformation/变形夹持刀柄变形夹持刀柄The tool holder shown here features a bore that is not round,but instead has a three-lobed shape suggesting a triangle.A clamping device mechanically distorts this bore to make it round,allowing the tool to be inserted.The tool holder snaps back to the three-lobed shape when the force is released,clamping the tool without heating or cooling.这里的刀柄内径不是圆形的，而是类似这里的刀柄内径不是圆形的，而是类似三角形的叶形孔。利用一套机械夹紧变三角形的叶形孔。利用一套机械夹紧变形装置使其变为圆形，适合刀具放入。形装置使其变为圆形，适合刀具放入。当锁紧装置压力解除后，刀柄变形恢复，当锁紧装置压力解除后，刀柄变形恢复，则可锁紧刀具则可锁紧刀具BalanceableToolHoldersA balanceable tool holder is used in conjunction with a balancing machine.The machine measures the unbalance in the tool/tool holder system.The balanceable tool holder features counterweights that can be adjusted to compensate for the unbalance measured动平衡刀柄放在平衡试验机上测量刀具或刀夹系统的动不平衡量。从而为补偿动不平衡提供依据。Comparison of Tool Holders/刀柄全面评估比对刀柄全面评估比对Runout of Tool Holders/刀夹跳动刀夹跳动Rigidity of Tool Holders/刀柄刚性刀柄刚性Balance of Tool Holders/刀柄动平衡刀柄动平衡Vibration of Tool Holders/刀柄震动刀柄震动Ease of Use of Tool Holders/使用方便性使用方便性Cost of Tool Holders/成本成本Other Types of Tool Holders/其他型式刀柄其他型式刀柄面铣刀莫氏锥度刀柄钻夹头铣刀夹头侧固式两刀片粗加工和一刀片精加工镗刀Other types of Tool Holders/其他形式的刀柄其他形式的刀柄角度头刀柄增速刀柄中心供液刀柄Overview of ToolingTHANKS常用工具常用工具
