3PL美国用户和供应商调查cpk.pptx

Dr.Robert C.Lieb,Northeastern UniversityBrooks A.Bentz,AccentureChicago,September 23,2003The Council of Logistics ManagementThird Party Logistics Update:Annual U.S.User and Provider SurveysNortheastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysThe 11th Annual U.S.Fortune 500 Manufacturer User SurveyThe 10th Annual U.S.3PL Provider SurveyConcluding Observations and Implications1 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysThe 11th Annual U.S.Fortune 500 Manufacturer User SurveyThe 10th Annual U.S.3PL Provider SurveyConcluding Observations and Implications2 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysFor the seventh year in a row,more than two-thirds of those surveyed indicated they use 3PL services,and the reported usage rate has reached a record high of 81 percent.Use of 3PL ServicesPercent ofManufacturersReporting Use of3PL ServicesSurvey Year38%81%3 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysManufacturers current spending on 3PL services and their three-year projections have reached record levels.3PL Percentage of User Logistics BudgetPercentageof LogisticsOperationsBudgetOperating Year3-year projections33%40%4 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysFreight payment,shipment consolidation,direct transportation,customs brokerage,warehouse management,freight forwarding,carrier selection,and tracking/tracing services are used by more than half of the manufacturers,and the usage rate increased in most categories since last year.3PL Services UsedPercent of users citing useContract manufacturingSelection of softwareCustomer spare partsOrder processingFleet management/operationsMerge in transitOperation of IT systemsReverse logisticsProduct returnsOrder fulfillmentRe-labeling/repackagingRate negotiationMeasurement of carrier performanceTracking/tracingCarrier selectionFreight forwardingWarehouse managementCustoms brokerageDirect transportation serviceShipment consolidationFreight payment5 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys3PL services yield varying degrees of cost and service improvements.Users indicated that the following 3PL services generated the greatest cost savings:Warehouse managementRate negotiationShipment consolidationFreight paymentDirect transportationUsers indicated that the following 3PL services generated the greatest service benefits:Warehouse managementOrder fulfillmentFreight paymentDirect transportationFleet management/operations6 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysPositiveNo impactNegative77%Verypositive3PL use has generally resulted in positive cost,service and customer satisfaction impact,and the percentage of positive responses increased substantially this year.85%65%PositiveNo impactNegativeVerypositivePositiveNo impactNegativeVerypositive7 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysMany vendors and customers of these 3PL users use the same 3PL provider,and this promotes supply chain integration.But those providers play a limited role in providing effective IT linkages between the supply chain partners.Forty-nine percent of the 3PL users said that their major vendors were also served by the same 3PL providerFifty-seven percent of the users said that their major customers were also served by the same 3PL providerSixty-eight of the users said that this was very important or important in promoting integration of their companies supply chainsHowever,less than one-third of the users said that their 3PL provider played a very important or important role in establishing and maintaining effective IT linkages with their major vendors or customersOnly 22%of the users ranked their 3PL provider as“leading edge”with respect to IT expertise and capabilities 8 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysThe economic slowdown continued to affect the volume of business given to 3PL providers by users,but user/provider relationships are still strong.Fourteen percent said that they had increased the volume of business given their 3PL providers during the slowdown,57%said the slowdown had no effect on volume,and 29%said it had led to lower volumeHowever,only 4%believe that the slowdown has had a negative effect on their relationship with their primary 3PL providerIn fact,one-quarter of the respondents believe that it strengthened the relationship,and said that they are committed to the 3PL“partnerships”regardless of economic conditions9 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysWith respect to 3PL industry profitability,all the users identified in the survey believe the industry is at least in breakeven condition.Four percent categorized the industry as very profitable,80%said it was moderately profitable,and 16%labeled the industry as breakeven in terms of profitabilityOnly 16%expressed concerns about the long-term viability of the 3PL business model.That was considerably lower than the 34%of respondents to last years survey who had similar concerns10 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysMany users are positive towards increasing 3PL use,but the percentage that would increase 3PL use has declined during the past several years.How respondents would modify their companys use of 3PL services if they were given complete responsibility for the decision,2003Substantially increase useModeratelyincrease useStaythe sameModerately decrease use34%45%6%13%Eliminate use 2%11 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysEighty-four percent of users buy 3PL services internationally,and many are currently manufacturing and/or selling in China.Fifty percent of the companies that use 3PL services currently manufacture products in China,with nearly two-thirds of them doing so in company-owned facilitiesSeventy-two percent of those companies have increased the volume of manufacturing done in China during the past several years,with more than one-third of those companies indicating that volume increase has been substantialSeventy percent of the companies that use 3PL services currently sell products in China.Forty percent sell their products directly,30%use middlemen,and 30%reported using both optionsHowever,only 39%of the companies manufacturing and/or selling in China use 3PL providers to support their Chinese activities12 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys3PL services currently used in China.For this group of companies,the most frequently used 3PL services in China are direct transportation services(39%report use),warehousing(22%),freight forwarding services(11%),and vendor managed inventory hubs(11%)Two-thirds of the users report that they are satisfied or very satisfied with the 3PL services they currently use in ChinaOnly 19%said there were 3PL services that they would like to use that are not currently available in ChinaSimilarly,less than one in four indicated they had any significant problems either finding or using 3PL providers in China13 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysExisting 3PL users offer a wide variety of suggestions to managers in other companies considering the use of 3PL services for the first time.The most frequently offered advice follows:Identify key performance indicators and targets,and incorporate them into the contractSolicit multiple RFPs and check references very closelyDevelop accurate internal cost estimates before contacting potential service providersDo not give up complete control of your supply chain to your 3PL providerMake sure you understand the technological issues involved in the relationship before signing the contract14 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysThe 11th Annual U.S.Fortune 500 Manufacturer User SurveyThe 10th Annual U.S.3PL Provider SurveyConcluding Observations and Implications15 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysCEOs of 20 of the largest 3PLs operating in the United Statesparticipated in the survey.Year 2003 3PL Provider Survey ParticipantsAPL LogisticsCardinal LogisticsCaterpillar LogisticsC.H.Robinson Co.DSC LogisticsEagle Global LogisticsExel LogisticsGeoLogisticsLandstarMenlo LogisticsPenske LogisticsRyderSchneider LogisticsSirva LogisticsTibbet and Britten Group,North AmericaTNT Logistics,North AmericaTUPS Supply Chain SolutionsUSF Logistics,Inc.USCO Distribution Services.Inc.16 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysOperating revenues continue to grow despite the economic slowdown of the past several years.Average 3PL Company Revenue$1.05 B$1.18 B$545 M$610 MOperatingRevenue($millions)Operating year$1.38 B$1.86 B17 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysBut,for the second straight year,many 3PL providers did not meet their revenue projections.In responding to this years survey,only three CEOs reported that his company had exceeded its yearly revenue growth projections(one last year)Eight companies met their revenue growth projections(same as last year)Eight companies failed to meet their revenue growth projections(nine last year)In our 2001 CEO survey,nine companies reported exceeding their revenue growth projections,ten met their projections,and only one failed to meet their projections18 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysExisting clients still account for the majority of revenue growth.Percentage ofrevenue growthcoming fromexisting clients58%55%58%68%Operating YearSources of Revenue53%59%19 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysThe pace of merger and acquisition activity declined substantially during the year.Only three CEOs indicated that their companies made significant acquisitions last year(eleven in the 2002 survey)On average,over the next three years,the CEOs only expect 15%of their revenue growth to be generated by acquisitionsSix CEOs expect to generate no growth through acquisitions during that periodSeven of the CEOs consider their companies to be acquisition targetsM/A in 3PL Industry20 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysMost 3PL providers specialize in a limited number of industry verticals.Thirteen of the 19 CEOs who answered this question said their companies did soMost typically targeted several verticalsThe industries most frequently targeted were:retailing(8 mentions),automotive(7),and electronics,high technology,consumer goods manufacturing and healthcare with six eachThe industry verticals most affected by the recession were high technology,telecommunication,automotive,electronics and retailingThe industry verticals least affected by the recession were healthcare,automotive,consumer goods manufacturing,and food/tobacco21 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider Surveys3PLs are becoming increasingly customer selective.Fifteen of the 19 CEOs who answered the question indicated that their companies had focused increasing attention on the quality of existing accountsEight of those 15 said that attention had intensified during the recessionThat quality of account focus has affected their sales/marketing and contract renewal processes.Some providers have placed more emphasis on targeted industries,renegotiated contracts,upgraded the quality of service offered to their“improved”customer base,and dropped some unprofitable accounts22 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysThe globalization of the 3PL industry continues.All but three of the companies included in the survey generate revenues outside the U.S.On average,those operating outside of the U.S.generate slightly less than one-third of their revenues in foreign marketThe CEOs forecast that percentage to rise over the next three yearsThe CEOs were split in terms of the significance of the expansion of EU membership seven said it was significant or very significant to their companies,and eight said it was not significant23 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysProvider offering of 3PL services in ChinaEleven of the providers currently offer 3PL services in ChinaThe operations are limited in scope,averaging 2%of the providers revenue baseThe CEOs project that to double by 2005;four companies expect to generate more than 10%of their annual revenues in China by 2005The most common market entry strategy used has been formation of operating alliances with Chinese partners,but joint ventures and direct investment strategies have also been usedSome of these companies are likely to form wholly-owned subsidiaries in China as ownership regulations change24 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysMarket dynamics and business opportunities in China.According to the CEOs,the most important Chinese market dynamics are relaxation of government trade/ownership restrictions,the continuing growth of the Chinese economy,the expansion of Chinese manufacturing capabilities,transportation infrastructure improvements,and the continued Westernization of business practices in ChinaThey identified the following business opportunities in China:ocean freight forwarding,support for existing customers doing business in China,the emerging automotive sector,support formultinational companies entering China,and provision of domestic distributionservices25 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysThis years industry dynamics again highlighted pricing pressures,the demand for 3PL services,and globalization pressures.Total points3PL Industry DynamicsMovement of foreign 3PL providers into U.S.Large-scale 3PL mergersGrowing interest in outsourcing broader array of servicesIncreased pressure to internationalizeContinued downward pressure on pricing26 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysCEOs see the greatest industry opportunities in expansion of integrated supply chain service offerings,further global expansion,and further IT supply chain integration.3PL Industry OpportunitiesTotal pointsReduced customizationFurther IT supply chain integrationContinued globalizationExpansion of integrated supply chain services27 Accenture 2002Northeastern University/Accenture 2003 Annual 3PL User and Provider SurveysInadequate profitability,staffing issues,and difficu