大学英语AB级翻译技巧ppt课件.ppt
火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去翻译技巧火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去一、一、词类转换(词类转换(conversion)在英译汉时,将英语中的某种词类在保证原文意义不变的情况下,根据汉语的需要变成另一类词的方法。1.Congratulations on your new promotion.祝贺你又一次高升。2.Some of my friends are good dancers.我的一些朋友舞跳的非常好。3.The comfort and warmth of the room were wonderful.这间房子很舒服也很温暖,非常好。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去4.He is an enemy to reform.他反对改革。5.Im afraid I cant teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我恐怕教不了你游泳,我想我的小弟弟比我教 得好6.It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water.使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去二、二、词义引申词义引申 翻译时要考虑词汇之间不同的词义色彩(内涵和外延),感情色彩(褒义贬义),语体色彩(书面语和口语),还要考虑不同的语法功能和搭配习惯。应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的本义出发,进一步加以引申,选择比较恰当的汉语词汇来表达。切记,从词的本义出发,不可脱离原文,不可任意发挥。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去1.Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活都有甜有苦。2.She respects him for what he is,not for what he has.她尊敬的是他的人品,而不是他的财富。3.He managed to make a living with his pen 他靠写作勉强为生。4.The engine has given a constantly good performance 这台发动机性能一直良好。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去5.We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.我们主张国际贸易不应是有来无往。6.Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.就某些用途来说,铜的唯一缺点也许是硬度不够。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去三、正反译三、正反译正说反译:正说反译:英语从正面表达,译成汉语从反面表达。1.Admission by invitation only!非请莫入。2.Please remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop.飞机停稳前,请不要离开座位。3.He would be the last man to say such things.他绝不可能说这种话。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去反说正译:1.I cant agree with you more.我非常同意你。2.The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.虽经他一再解释,疑团仍然存在。3.He gave me an indefinite answer.他给了我一个含糊的答复。4.The whole gun was no longer than eight inches.整支枪的长度只有8英寸。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去4.增词(增译法)增词(增译法)(applification)翻译中,没有任何两种语言是完全对等的。为使衔接自然,删除累赘,使语言言简意赅,可是适当增词,但必须忠实于原文,不可画蛇添足。1.The sun rose thinly from the sea.一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。2.The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去3.Will you need an experienced desk clerk for your hotel next summer?不知贵旅馆明年夏天是否需要一名有经验的前台服务员?4.Sometimes clouds are dark simply because they are very thick.有时云呈黑色,这是云层很厚的缘故。(加了“这是的缘故)火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去5.省词(省略法)(省词(省略法)(omission)为了突出原作的中心意义,为了保存整体,或者为了避免行文拖泥带水,生硬冗长,有时需要删减个别可有可无的或者违背汉语表达习惯的词句。英语中的冠词、连词、介词、作主语的泛指人称代词、重复出现的人称代词、物主代词等往往可以省略;引导宾语从句、主语从句的that,非人称的或强调中的it一般可以省略。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去省略人称代词省略人称代词1.Follow the river and you will get to the sea.顺藤摸瓜2.I had many wonderful ideas,but I only put a few into practice.我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去省略物主代词省略物主代词:英语用物主代词多于汉语1.She puts on her clothes.她穿上衣服。省略非人称代词省略非人称代词 1.It was a cold morning of spring when I went to see her.我在一个寒冷的春天早晨去见她。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去省略并列连词,省略并列连词,and和和or 1.This little room is warm and cozy.这个小房间温暖舒适。省略作宾语的代词省略作宾语的代词1.Please take off the old picture and throw it away.请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去省略从属连词省略从属连词 汉语中的逻辑关系往往是隐含在句子含义中的,由语序加以体现。因此,英语中一些表示原因、条件或时间的从属连词有时可省略。1.Because everyone uses language to talk,everyone thinks he can talk about language.人人都用语言交谈,人人也就自认能够谈论语言。2.The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去6.长句拆分(分译法)长句拆分(分译法)英文强调形合,结构严密。汉语强调意合,结构松散。英语长句多,汉语句子较短。因此在遇到大量使用分词、短语和从句的英语复杂句子,可以进行合理拆分。1.This book is divided into sixteen units that deal with topics of everyday conversation.本书共分为16个单元,内容涉及日常生活会话。火灾袭来时要迅速疏散逃生,不可蜂拥而出或留恋财物,要当机立断,披上浸湿的衣服或裹上湿毛毯、湿被褥勇敢地冲出去2.It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个局势对国际安全是个威胁,这样的说法是完全正确的。3.They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。4.He continued his education throughout his life,learning form human contacts as well as from books.他整个一生都在受教育,不仅从书本上学习,而且也从与人交往中学习。