《新整理施工方案大全》外文资料_secret.doc

Fixed price traditional model and the bidding price with Bill of quantities Analysis First, the traditional mode of fixed Price To clarify implementation of the project tender offer the bills of quantity the inevitability of the new model and the design ideas, we first of the traditional fixed Price mode. Fixed Price traditional model is based on the mandatory pricing mode, in essence the content, the price of unity is from the manifestations, is a direct fixed costs, and based on the direct costs, multiplied by the various cost items rates that other costs, component engineering cost. Its characteristics can be attributed to the following aspects: 1. Fixed Price traditional patterns of price formation mechanism do not reflect the true cost of enterprise level. Price in the traditional mode, the tender enterprises on construction plans the unit works under the fixed part of the sub-projects in the works, multiplied by the corresponding labor, materials, machinery priced, aggregated together by engineering unit labor costs, the cost of materials and machinery costss and, coupled with the rates in accordance with the regulations and by other direct costs, the scene of indirect costs, profits and tax plan, a unit of Price. Because the tender offer is on the same scale, the same calculation and drawing sets prices, therefore, if all the bidders are calculated according to the correct documentation requirements, Price will be the same. Instead, offer a difference between merely due to the bidders in terms of accuracy of inconsistencies and none other varying degrees, they simply could not tender units of the construction, technology and management level, which may not necessarily offer a true low-cost enterprise. 2. As a price for the underlying core business added that the traditional model of fixed Price also considered by the funds, equipment, technology, power, construction plan, and other non-price factors constitute the technical standard. But for the evaluation of non-price factors main concern Time and quality control as well as the associated security measures, such as the construction programmer with the tender and the terms of the enterprise, and not enough attention, the various enterprises of the technical indicators are often similar, there is no competitive. 3. Fixed Price traditional mode of the principles and methods of evaluation form is not conducive to the survival of the fittest, and market environment for fair competition. Fixed Price in the traditional mode, the evaluation often is the price and non-price factors comprehensive evaluation process, and non-price factors and the price is often the weights according to a certain proportion. However, due to non-price factors tender similar enterprises, and can not truly reflect the various enterprises in the management, quality, cost control, the true level, so that even non-price factors in the comprehensive evaluation process occupies a higher weight, and its role is very limited , and whether a decision on the successful bidder is the role of the price factor. Bidding on the reasonableness of the assessment are three ways: First, there are basic price assessment methods, and the second is no way Nonpre assessment, and the third is Nonpre composite assessment methods. Accreditation means a basic price is a pre-determined price for the basic price criteria that the bidding price at the nearest Price (or less than a certain percentage Nonpre) the most reasonable, the higher the score in the evaluation process, often marked clearly defined Price on the basis of the upset by allowing the reduction rate (+3% and a 5%), exceeding the floating range of the tender was regarded as Felicia. Thus, the competitive bidding has become a "guess superscript" competition; he gave into the basic price information warfare, but could not deliver on the survival of the fittest and fair competition. No Base Price assessment method is not pre-determined price bidding price, but in order to evaluate the merits of Price, Price used released from a maximum and a minimum Price, the remaining will be determined from the average of an evaluation base, and with a basic price as the tender set an effective range beyond the effective range as Price Feibiao. Thus, high management standards, advanced means of production costs low so low tender offer enterprises, may be the "low bid" Strike derived from the average or even be eliminated beyond the effective range, and has a moderate to high tender This is also not good choices bidders purposes. Accreditation is the way of bidding price will be prepared by the Base Price owners of the tender price and average people were empowered to offer (such as 60% and 40%) calculated as a weighted average assessment base, given the creation of an effective sub-interval. Such methods of assessment and the way these two similar defects. 4. Traditional fixed under the Price mode often is in terms of the contract price for the base configuration, and the method is generally set in the convention industry, whether it is worth explore scientific and reasonable. Second, the bills of quantity Price advantages Price different with the traditional model, the bills of quantity Price model is based on the market valuation models, and valuation basis, the implementation of the "price of separation" principle. The way in the management and the implementation of "control volume, Zhidaojia, competitive cost" model which is consumed by government entities standard-setting, tendering units are given a list of non-entities consumption and price decided by construction enterprises, the Government announced that the budget prices for reference purposes only, as a macro-control project cost basis. Enterprises in accordance with their own independent strength Price reasonably reflect market supply and demand, the management level of enterprises and competition strategy, therefore, bills of quantity Price model is a form of price under the government's macroeconomic regulation and control market prices. Its characteristics can be summed up as follows: 1. The bills of quantity Price patterns of price formation mechanism are conducive to promoting tender enterprise management and production efficiency of the construction, as well as lower costs. In the bills of quantity Price mode, the construction project bidding, in accordance with the valuation norms the bills of quantity compiled a list of projects; the tender offer in accordance with the tender documents of the bills of quantity, the government promulgated the light of the physical consumption of fixed and fixed the light of their own. By labor, materials, the market price for valuation Jixiesiban truly reflects the enterprises tender the construction technology, management capacity and price levels. 2. Non-price factors, the bills of quantity Price mode in addition to requirements for enterprises to provide funding, equipment, technical strength, and the level of construction programmer and Time control, quality management, cost management and control, and other routine information, but also concerned about the low price reasonable measures and the risks associated with control measures. 3. The bills of quantity Price mode of evaluation principles and methods conducive to the realization of genuine fair competition, the survival of the fittest. The bills of quantity Price mode of evaluation, not the closer Base Price (or evaluation of the base) more distinctions, but "without reasonable low price lower than the cost price" as a standard. "Reasonably cheap" is the tender in the tender offer, enterprises should not blindly prices, but justifiably low-cost "no less than cost price" is not less than the tender their own individual cost, rather than a reflection of the average consumption society the level of budget cost. Therefore, in the bills of quantity Price, the evaluation focused on Price reasonable judgment, from the management level of enterprises tender, technical expertise, construction equipment advantage, procurement advantages, such as lower cost of the project evaluation concrete measures to identify reasonable low price "reasonable" and "low" Haraoka, the successful bidder to determine the optimal unit. Current evaluation process is to assess non-price factors, only non-price factors accredited enterprises, the price to enter the evaluation stage. In the evaluation of price factors, is usually no minimum limit, but in order to prevent malicious low bid from the average tender price as a benchmark, the tender price is lower than the reference value of a certain percentage (usually 10%) of the enterprises must to answer questions, the price reasonable, in the final meet of the reasonable prices under the premise of the lowest prices of the successful bidder. Third, the list of the problems mode Price The bills of quantity denominated as a new initiative, and its implementation is a systems engineering. However, the operation of the existing means and methods in many ways there are still shortcomings, or even part of the construction administrative departments and agencies tender for how to improve the bills of quantity tender are also more or less at a loss as construction owners and construction enterprises is more hearts numerous, and that the project list of quotations in the specific implementation of the model, we have many problems. 1. Due to long-term use of traditional fixed Price mode, and many construction enterprise management are not up to standard, usually neglect the accumulation of data so difficult to immediately establish internal fixed and accurate understanding of the cost of business, unable to adapt to the list of projects at the request of the tender juice. 2. Owners of the tender is one of the bidders by the bidding to lower the project construction costs, and enterprises to participate in the tender bid is for the purpose of the successful bidder, which requires companies bidding price competitive. However, the bills of quantity Price abolition of the basic price model price and the implementation of "reasonable low price can not be less than the cost price" principle, although this can help them market price, and carry out fair competition, the survival of the fittest, but also in what is the objective "reasonable low price." Reasonably low price is not clear, people will tender "competition fees," and formulated price competition could not random. Some management level and low-cost bidders a reasonable low price may be never repealed, and some enterprises may be excessive profits to enterprises, endangering themselves and the industry's long-term development. 3. Reasonable low price is not clear who brought not only to bidders, the tender evaluation will be to cause trouble, some low management level, the high cost of enterprises, and even take advantage of this problems, develop malicious Altus or bribe Accreditation personnel related string subscript. 4. Reasonable assessment of low-cost, non-price factors, in many cases just as qualifying conditions, and the internal relationship between the prices to a certain extent, neglected. This is easily one of the Walled string subscript uses of the entire bidding results.- 5 -