条件句虚拟语气.pptx

会计学 1条件句虚拟语气真实条件句 n n 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形If he comes,he will bring his violin.第1 页/共36 页真实条件句n n 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.A.will rain will rain B.rains B.rains C.rained C.rained D.is rained D.is rained 第2 页/共36 页n n 注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to 表示将来，该用shall,will.If you leave now,you are never going to regret it.If you leave now,you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。第3 页/共36 页非真实条件句n n 时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态 时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。退后。条件从句 主句同现在事实相反 一般过去时should/would+动词原形同过去事实相反 过去完成时should/would have+done(过去分词）同将来事实相反 一般过去时were+不定式should+动词原形should/would+动词原形第4 页/共36 页a.同现在事实相反的假设。n n 句型：条件从句主句 一般过去时should(would)+动词原n n If they were here,they would help you.第5 页/共36 页b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。n n 句型：句型：条件从句 条件从句 主句 主句过去完成时 过去完成时should(would)have+should(would)have+过去分 过去分n n If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.n n The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.n n If my lawyer had been here last Saturday,he would have prevented me If my lawyer had been here last Saturday,he would have prevented me from going.from going.第6 页/共36 页n n If he had come yesterday,I should/would have told him about it.If he had come yesterday,I should/would have told him about it.含义：含义：He did not come yesterday,so I did not tell him about it.He did not come yesterday,so I did not tell him about it.n n If he had not been ill and missed many classes,he would have made If he had not been ill and missed many classes,he would have made greater progress.greater progress.含义：含义：He was ill and missed many lessons,so he did not make greater He was ill and missed many lessons,so he did not make greater progress.progress.第7 页/共36 页c.表示对将来的假想n n 句型：条件从句 主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形第8 页/共36 页n n If you succeeded,everything would be all right.If you succeeded,everything would be all right.n n If you should succeed,everything would be all right.If you should succeed,everything would be all right.n n If you were to succeed,everything would be all right.If you were to succeed,everything would be all right.第9 页/共36 页1.与现在的事实相反n n 1)What type of automobile would you buy _?1)What type of automobile would you buy _?n n A A if you have free choice to choose the cars available today if you have free choice to choose the cars available todayn n B B if you are free to choose among all the cars available today if you are free to choose among all the cars available todayn n C C if all cars available were free to be chosen by you if all cars available were free to be chosen by youn n D D if you were free to choose among all the cars available today if you were free to choose among all the cars available today 第10 页/共36 页2.2.与过去的事实相反与过去的事实相反(有时主句中的有时主句中的should have doneshould have done表示表示责备或后悔责备或后悔)n n 2)_ he would have come to class.n n A If Mike is able to finish his homeworkn n B Would Mike be able to finish his homeworkn n C If Mike could finish his homeworn n D If Mike had been able to finish his homework 第11 页/共36 页n n 3)If the United States had not entered the Second World War，probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14 _still further.n n A would risen n B would risenn n C would have risenn n D had risen 第12 页/共36 页n n 4)Top grade n n A diamonds had not n n B increased so sharply n n C in value in the late seventies n n D if one company had not controlled almost all of the worlds supply.n n diamonds would have not第13 页/共36 页3.与将来的事实相反 n n 5)It is said Tom will go to an appointment tommorrow.If he were to come tomorrow,I _ ask him to go to your place.n n A willn n B wouldn n C shalln n D might 第14 页/共36 页n n 6)If you _ to see Mary，what would you tell her?n n A aren n B will be goingn n C mustn n D were 第15 页/共36 页混合条件句 n n 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。n n If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）n n If it had rained last night(If it had rained last night(过去 过去),it would be very cold today(),it would be very cold today(现在 现在).).第16 页/共36 页n n If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.n n A wouldnt ben n B will not have beenn n C wouldnt have beenn n D would have not been 第17 页/共36 页虚拟条件句的倒装 n n 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,were,should,或 或had,had,可将 可将if if 省略，再把 省略，再把were,should were,should 或 或had had 移到从句 移到从句句首，实行倒装。句首，实行倒装。n n If they were here now,they could help us.If they were here now,they could help us.n n=Were they here now,they could help us.=Were they here now,they could help us.n n Had you come earlier,you would have met him.Had you come earlier,you would have met him.n n=If you had come earlier,you would have met him.=If you had come earlier,you would have met him.n n Should it rain,the crops would be saved Should it rain,the crops would be savedn n=If it should rain,the crops would be saved.=If it should rain,the crops would be saved.第18 页/共36 页n n 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be 的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be 用were 代替。n n If I were you,I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。n n If he were here,everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。第19 页/共36 页n n 典型例题 典型例题 _ to do the work,I should do it some other _ to do the work,I should do it some other day.day.A.If were I A.If were I B.I were B.I were C.Were I C.Were I D.Was I D.Was I n n 答案 答案C.C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had were,should,had这三个词，通常将 这三个词，通常将if if 省略，主语提前 省略，主语提前,变成 变成 were,were,should,had+should,had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条 主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能 件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do.,Were I not to do.,而不能说 而不能说 Werent I to do.Werent I to do.第20 页/共36 页n n 1)_ today,he would get there by Thursday.n n A He is starting outn n B If he starts outn n C Would he start outn n D Were he to start out第21 页/共36 页n n 2)_，John would not have failed.n n A If he has listened to men n B Had he listened to men n C If he listened to men n D As soon as he listened to me 第22 页/共36 页特殊的虚拟语气词：should n n 1）It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that 结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。n n 句型：(1)suggestedIt is(2)important that+(should)do(3)a pity 第23 页/共36 页n n(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strangea pity,a shame,no wondern n eg:It is suggested that we(should)hold a meeting next week.n n eg:It is necessary that he(should)come to our meeting tomorrow.第24 页/共36 页n n 2 2）在宾语从句中的应用）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)do insist,command,insist+(should)do eg:I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.eg:I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he(should)be sent there.He insisted that he(should)be sent there.n n 注意：注意：如 如suggest,insist suggest,insist 不表示 不表示 建议 建议 或 或 坚持要某 坚持要某人做某事时 人做某事时，即它们用于其本意，即它们用于其本意 暗示、表明 暗示、表明、坚持认为 坚持认为 时，宾语从句用陈述语气。时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.rules.第25 页/共36 页判断改错:n n You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.n n Your pale face suggests that you are ill.n n I insisted that you(should)be wrong.n n I insisted that you were wrong.第26 页/共36 页在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 n n 在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。n n My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.n n I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.第27 页/共36 页wish 的用法 n n 1 1）用于）用于wish wish 后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情 后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从 况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：句的动词形式为：真实状况wish 后从句动作与主句动作同时发生(be 的过去式为 were)现在时 过去时从句动作先于主句动词动作(had+过去分词)过去时 过去完成时将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时would/could+动词原形第28 页/共36 页n n I wish I were as tall as you.n n 我希望和你一样高。n n He wished he hadnt said that.n n 他希望他没讲那样的话。n n I wish it would rain tomorrow.n n 我希望明天下雨就好了。第29 页/共36 页当当wishwish的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时，的宾语从句表示一种愿望、要求时，可用过去时，也可用可用过去时，也可用wouldwould动词原形动词原形 n n I wish you would stay here longer.n n 我希望你在这儿多呆一会。n n She wishes you wouldnt go.n n 她希望你不要走。第30 页/共36 页特殊连词的需要：n n lest,for fear that lest,for fear that 和 和in case in case 引起的从句 引起的从句(这时谓语多用 这时谓语多用should should 加动词原 加动词原形 形)n n We dare not play jokes on Mr.Wang We dare not play jokes on Mr.Wang lest lest he should become angry.(he should become angry.(我们 我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑，恐怕他生气。不敢跟王先生开玩笑，恐怕他生气。)n n Hes working hard Hes working hard for fear that for fear that he should fail in the exam.(he should fail in the exam.(他加紧学习 他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。唯恐考试不及格。)n n第31 页/共36 页介词短语表示虚拟：n n 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。n n 如 but for,but that,in case of,otherwise,supposing,under more favourable condition,without 等表示让步假设 第32 页/共36 页n n He worked very hard;otherwise he might have failed.n n(他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。)We could have done better under more favorable conditions.n n(假设我们有更有利条件，我们还会做得更好。)第33 页/共36 页n n 1)But for his help，I.n n A should not have succeededn n B had not succeeden n C did not succeen n D have not succeeded 第34 页/共36 页n n 2)The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting.n n A would be discussedn n B will be discussedn n C be discussedn n D may be discussed 第35 页/共36 页