人教版高一英语必修一语法总复习.docx

高一英语必修一语法总复习知识清单Welcome unit: 句子成分和基本句型Unit 1: 短语或词组Unit 2: 现在进行时表示将来Unit 3: 附加疑问句Unit 4: 定语从句（关系代词引导）Unit 5: 关系副词及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句知识精讲Welcome unit: 句子成分和基本句型一、 句子成分分析：（8种：主 谓 表 宾 定 状 补 同位语）1、 主语（Subject） ：动作的发出者，可由_、_、_、_或_等来充当，通常置于_。用下划线标下列句中的主语，并指出其词性1、 Lishui High School is a century-old school._2、 You are promising students._3、 The old should be well respected._5 To exercise regularly is good for your health._6 Smoking is harmful to your health._7 Watching a movie is enjoyable._8 What will happen tomorrow is unknown._9 its very important for the young to study hard and gain knoeledge.2、 谓语（Predicate）: 只有动词或动词短语才能充当，置于主语之后。类别特点例句及物动词（v.t）跟宾语The people of the world love peace.He told us an interesting stoy.不及物动词（v.i）不跟宾语An earthquake happened in Wen Chuan.He finally arrived home on time.系动词（Link-v）跟表语They are very busy.The children look healthy. 助动词(aux.v)（本身无特殊意思）I didnt go fishing. I did go to school.I have been learning English for 9 years.用下划线标出下列句子中的谓语，并指出其词性。I love my father and mother._Tim didnt know the reason._We have seen the film._They are looking for a boy._A crazy learning desire exists in my class._3、表语（Predicative） 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。系动词分类：1）状态系动词：be动词2）感官动词：look, feel, smell, sound, taste, appear（似乎; 显得）seem3）变化系动词: become, grow, turn, , get, go, come, run变(成),. fall陷入(某种状态); 变成;4）持续系动词: keep, stay，remain4、宾语：动作的承受者 可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等。名词作宾语 He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语 He often helps me.不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语 The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语 I believe that they can finish the work in timeWe brought them some food.主 谓 间宾 直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。5、宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.I saw them playing on the playground.I had my bike stolen.划出下例句子中的宾补，并指出词性。1. They made him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. I heard him sing last night. 4. They found the house old. 5. He asked me to come back soon. 6. I saw them getting on the bus. 6、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的_, _, _.Marry is an English teacher.（名词） 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!7、状语。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。 He goes to school by bike. 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.8、同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，后一个句子成分被用来说明或解释前一句子成分，后者就是叫做前者的同位语(appositive)。We, the fresh students, are happy to spend the time here. (we 即the fresh students, 后者是对前者的补充说明)Lucy, my mother, is an actor in Hollywood.练习：分析下列句子成分 141. Our school is far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. Trees turn green when spring comes.7. They pushed the door open. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9. He wrote some letters to his friends. 10. We need a place twice larger than this one. 11. He asked us to sing an English song. 12. We will make our school more beautiful.13. She showed us many of her pictures. 二基本句型1） （主系表） 例： 2） （主谓）例： 3） （主谓宾）例： 4） （主谓间宾直宾） 例： 5） （主谓宾宾补） 例： 句型练习指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型：I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.In the modern city, there are some problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise.In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life.There, the air is fresh and the water is clean.I can hear birds singing in the green trees.I can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake. He wished me good luck. So I want to go to the countryside for a change. 1. ( S + V ) _2. ( S + V +O ) _3. ( S + V + P ) _4. ( S + V + IO + DO ) _5. ( S + V + O + C ) _Unit 1: 短语或词组一 名词短语：指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。1. 这个穿红色衣服的英语老师明年将出国。 will go abroad next year.2. 我想参加一些有趣的学校社团。 I want to take part in .3. 他是班里最帅的男孩。 He is 4. 我们认为他是一个好老师。 We consider him (1) 组成：（ ）+（ ）+名词+（ ）(2) 功能：句子成分中可作 、 、 、 。(3) 修饰语放在被修饰名词的前面，叫做 定语，放在被修饰名词后面，叫做 定语。二 形容词短语：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。1. 他是一名非常伟大的音乐家。2. We were all wild with joy.3. Afraid of difficulties, he prefer to do the easy maths problem.4. After the war, the soldiers returned home, safe and sound.5. The moon had just risen, very golden, over the hill.(1) 组成：（ ）+形容词+（ ）(2) 功能：句子成分中修饰名词作 ，或 ，或 。三 副词短语：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。他跑得非常快。The window was far too small for him to get through.We must work much more carefully than we did before.组成&功能：副词+副词，可以修饰 、 、 。Unit 2: 现在进行时表示将来1. 结构： 2. 常见用法：表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。3. 表将来用法：（1） 计划或安排，一般要有表示将来的时间状语。I am visiting my grandparents next weekend.（2） 表示马上就要发生的动作。Keep calm, please. I am arriving.（3） Be doing表将来 & be going to & will do² Be doing与be going to do都可以表示即将要做的事情。前者更强调事先计划好的安排、即将要做的事情；后者表示说话者的打算或意图，还可表示根据当前情况做出的预言。 My mother is buying me a bike soon.Im going to sell this old car, and buy a new one.Be doing与will do表示即将发生的事情是，will更强调个人意愿和瞬间的决定。What are you doing next Sunday?-Where is the notebook? - Ill go and get it for you.单句语法填空1. You are wanted on the phone, Ann!OK，I _ (come)2. If I see him, I_ (give) him your message.3. I think Mr. Li _ (leave) here for Beijing to attend a meeting in two days.4. We_ (fly) to Shanghai tomorrow so wed better get our package packed now5. If you_ (come) to my hometown next month, Ill treat you to a big dinnerUnit 3: 附加疑问句附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，用于说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或判断。1. 附加疑问句的组成【观察】She was ill yesterday，wasn't she?Tom dislikes the book，doesn't he?He can hardly write his name，can he?【归纳】 附加疑问句由“陈述部分+附加疑问部分”组成。附加疑问部分一般由 、 或 和表示主语的 构成。2. 附加疑问句的回答【观察】He likes playing football ，doesn't he?Yes，he does./No，he doesn't.-是的，他喜欢。/不，他不喜欢。一His sister didn't attend the meeting，did she?Yes，she did./No，she didn't.不，她参加了。/是的，她没参加。【归纳】在回答附加疑问句时，答语要与事实情况一致，若事实是肯定的，就用 。若事实是否定的，就用 。3.附加疑问句的注意事项【观察】There is little doubt in your mind，is there?He seldom came here，did he?【归纳】(1) 陈述部分含有never、hardly、 seldom .no、nothing、nobody、few、little等表示否定或半否定意义的词语时， 附加疑问部分一般用 。【观察】Everything has gone wrong today，hasn't it?Nothing happened to him，did it?【归纳】(2) 陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词something、anything. nothing、everything时， 附加疑问部分的主语为 。 【观察】Nobody likes to be laughed at，does he/do they?【归纳】 (3) 陈述部分的主语是表示人的不定代词someone、anyone、everyone、no one、nobody等时， 附加疑问部分的主语如果强调全部用 ，强调个体则用 。【观察】Tom must be at home，isn't he?He must have studied English for many years，hasn't he?【归纳】 (4) 陈述部分含有表推测的情态动词must时， 根据情态动词must在陈述部分中的意义及其推测的情况来确定附加疑问部分。注意：当陈述部分含有情态动词had better时， 附加疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't。【观察】He said that he was late for the lecture ，didn't he?【归纳】(5) 如果陈述部分是一个主从复合句，附加疑问部分要与 主句 一致。【观察】Come and join us，will/won't you?Don't open the door，will/can you?Let us stop to rest，will you?Let's go home together，shall we?【归纳】(6) 陈述部分是肯定的祈使句时，附加疑问部分一般用will you或won't you； 陈述部分是否定的祈使句时， 附加疑问部分一般用will you或can you。陈述部分是以Lets开头的祈使句时， 附加疑问部分用 ； 陈述部分是以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句时， 附加疑问部分用 。巩固练习完成下面的附加疑问句1. People shouldn't drop litter on the pavements， ?2. You found the key in the bedroom， ？3. They'd rather go by bus， ？4. You'd better change your wet skirt， ？5. Everybody knows the answer， ？6. Nothing is serious， ？7. There wasn't enough time at that moment， ？8. Jack must have arrived here yesterday， ？9. He has few friends， ？10. You never told me that you had been ill， ？11. Don't be late next time， ？12. It is impossible， ？13. They seldom clean the room， ？14. They must have been sleeping then， ？15. Nobody will believe how difficult his work has been， ？Unit 4: 定语从句（关系代词引导）一、定义：指的是在主从复合句中充当定语的从句。二、定语从句的构成：主句、从句、关系词、先行词（被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词）三、关系代词在从句钟通常作主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系代词在限制性定语从句作宾语通常可以省略，常见的有：四、宜用that不宜用which的情况1. 先行词既有人又有物时，用that。2. 先行词为everything, something等不定代词或被few, little, the only等修饰时，用that。3. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。归纳口诀：指人又指物，高级不定和序数。五、关系代词as引导的定语从句当先行词前面有the same/such/so/as时， 常用as引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。Wendy is not such a fool as you think .六、宜用who而不宜用that的情况先行词是指人的those时Those who were not fit for the work got fired.七、关系代词的省略关系代词在从句中作 时，通常可以省略。The man (whom/who) you saw just now is our manager.八、定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数方面应与前面的先行词保持一致。Tommy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.汤米是那些学生中唯一考试不及格的人。巩固练习. 单句语法填空1.The earthquake / hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2.We dont know the number of people / lost their homes in the disaster.3.Have you read the book / was written by Anne Frank?4.My father bought a new bike for me price added up to more than 1，000 yuan.5.She said she would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease.6.Hany is the boy mother is our maths teacher.7.The writer and his work you told me are really famous.8.All we need is enough rest after long hours work.9.Anyone has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.10.The boy and the dog are in the picture are very lovely. 补全句子1.The earthquake shocked the people all over the world.发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。2.She is one of the girls .她是通过考试的女孩之一。3.We are going to learn some Chinese poems / in the Tang Dynasty.我们将学习唐朝创作的一些中国诗歌。4.The teacher is saying something to the student in the accident.老师正在与那位在事故中失去妈妈的学生说着什么。. 用定语从句合并下面的句子1.Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now.2.I have seen the film. Theyre talking about the film.3.The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.4.My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.5.The girl is from France. I called her just now.6.This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house.Unit 5: 关系副词及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一判断定语从句的关系副词的方法如果先行词是指代“时间的名词”，还原到定语从句中作_，则用关系副词when；如果先行词是指代“地点的名词”，还原到定语从句中作_，则用关系副词where；如果先行词是指代“原因的名词（reason）”，还原到定语从句中作_，则用关系副词why。二关系副词的基本用法指代关系副词在从句中的作用例句时间名词when（=at/ in/ on +which）时间状语I shall never forget the day _（我们搬入新房子的那一天。）地点名词where（=at/ in/ on+ which）地点状语This is the village_(这就是我父亲出生的村庄。)原因名词why（=for which）原因状语This is the reason _这是他错过早班车的原因。二关系副词和关系代词的正确使用 关系副词和关系代词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：如果作状语，则用关系副词；如果作主语、宾语、表语，则用关系代词，而不能只看先行词是什么。Ill never forget the day_我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起度过的那一天。Ill never forget the day _我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。He works in the factory_他在我去年参观的那个工厂工作。He works in the factory _他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。This is the reason_这就是他对我们解释的理由。I dont know the reason_我不知道他如此生气的原因。三关系副词易错点：1.where指代抽象地点，意为“在 中（下）”where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, position，activity, platform, race, environment, atmosphere, family, job等。I have reached a point in my life _我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。Life is like a long race _人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。2.when指代抽象时间，意思为“在 的时间里”when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, period等。Occasions are quite rare_(我有时间和孩子们呆一天的)机会很少。We are living in an age_生活在一个(许多事情靠计算机来做的)时代。3.why不能引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which。I have told him the reason, _ I missed the early bus. 我没赶上早班车, 我已经告诉了他原因。The main reason_ he lost his job, was that he drank too much. 他失去工作的主要原因是酗酒。4.way作先行词先行词way在定语从句中充当方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意不用how, how不能引导定语从句。）充当主语、宾语，引导词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。This is the way _ he solved the problem. 这就是他解决问题的方法。This is the way _ he used to solve the problem. 这就是他所使用的解决问题的方法。This is the way _ was used to solve the problem.巩固练习用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空1. I still remember the day_ I first came to Beijing.2. This is the room _ my grandparents lived last year.3. Do you know the reason_ he refused to go to Marys birthday party. 4. China is a large country _ many different dialects are spoken.5. The factory _ his father works is in the west of the city.6. This is the hospital_ my mother works.7. That is the reason _ I did the job.8. I dont know the exact time _ they will meet.9. I still remember the place_ I met her for the first time.10. Thats one of the reasons _ I asked you to come.11. Mr. Wang will fly to Beijing, _ he will stay for three months.12. There comes a time_ you have to make a choice.13. I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can know my feelings for he