浅谈英语翻译中的直译和意译.docx
浅谈英语翻译中的直译和意译一)、Literal translation直译 (异化法 foreignization)Free translation 意译 (归化法 domestication)英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷同和差异,翻译时有时用直译,有时用意译。(1) 、直译(Literaltranslation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法.直译把忠于原文内容放在第一位,把忠于原文形式放在第二位, 要求在保持原文内容的前提下,力求使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。直译把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。(1.1)直译的应用:(1.1.1)某些习语和短语的翻译,例如cold war冷战hot line热线spicy girl辣妹black market黑市paper tiger纸老虎Blood is thicker than water血浓于水The heart is seen in wine.酒后吐真言(1.1.2)含义广为流传,读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等,直译可以丰富译语语言。例如:A. He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every nowand then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。B. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy.参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝,要求在发展外交政策上合作。C. In the court action, Alain sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness.在法庭诉讼中,阿兰突然打出了他的王牌请出一位意想不到的证人。(杀手锏)(1.1.3)英语句子结构与中文较为接近时,直译能使译文显得通 顺自然。例如:A. “Merry”, as you may know, has two meanings: happy and drunk.你可能知道“MERRY”有两层意思:快乐和醉酒。B. I'll always remember Thanksgivings as the times we ate good food, sang old-fashioned songs, and shared a lot of love with family and friends.我将永远记得,感恩节是我们吃美食、唱老歌、与家人朋友分享爱的时刻。C. Although I don't visit it often now, it was once the center of my life.尽管我现在不常去那儿,但那里曾经一度是我生活的中心。(2) 、意译(Freetranslation)指只忠实原文内容,不拘泥原文结构形式与修辞手法的翻译方法。信息的传递为第一位。意译把忠于原文内容放在第一位,把通顺的译文形式放在第二位, 要求在保持原文内容的前提下,力求使译文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能符合译语读者的阅读习惯和审 美心理。通用、联用、惯用。意译把忠于原文形式放在第三位。(2.1)意译的应用:(2.1.1)包含典故的文化习语:英语和中文表达的语义有较大差异,需要按照汉语习惯进行表达,以避免违反文化习惯。例如:A. 你不要班门弄斧了Dont display your axe at Lu Bans door(直译). Remain modest before an authority.(意译)B. It rains cats and dogs. 大雨滂沱。C. Last night I heard him driving his pigs into market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。(2.1.2)英译汉时能找到汉语的对等含义,但是语义有所差异, 必须按照汉语的语言习惯表达.例如:A. Every dog has his day.人人都有得意的日子。B. It is a long lane that has no turning.风水轮流转。三十年河东,三十年河西。C. One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。(2.1.3)根据上下文语境,需对有些词汇、句式进行适当调整、 转换。例如:A. Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,人以群分B. Everyman is the architect of his own fate.每个人都是自己命运的主宰者。C. A virtuous wife is a mans best prize.贤惠的妻子是对一个男人最大的奖赏。(直译) 妻贤夫祸少。(意译)