人教版-高一英语定语从句全面讲解与练习(共5页).docx

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定语从句定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。 例如 a clever boy the boiling water fallen leaves The boy in the classroom needs a pen. The man standing there is my teacher.定语从句：一个句子充当定语The boy who is reading needs the pen.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。. 概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中担任一定的成分。分为关系代词和关系副词。(4) 定语从句基本构成：先行词+关系词+从句A) 关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）1.The student who answered the question was John. 2. I know the reason why he was so angry.3. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. 4. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.专心-专注-专业B)简单句变定语从句例1：The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there.The girl (who is standing there ) is Mary.如何改写定语从句?1、找准主句和从句，并找出两个简单句的共有成分，确定先行词。2、将从句中的共有成分去掉。 3.找准关系词，用关系词引导从句剩下的部分，并紧接在被修饰词（先行词）之后。例2：A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.例3：The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.C)定语从句选择关系词三步曲：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。. 几个关系代词的基本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything (that) you like. （宾语）4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）3. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)He's a man from whom we should learn. （宾语）= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物） whose +n. =the +n. + of which (物)= of which (物)+ the +n.=I'd like a room of which the window faces south. whose + n. =the +n. + of whom(人)= of whom(人)+ the +n.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.注意：定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数于先行词保持一致This is one of the best books that have ever been written.He is one of the students who study hard at school.当one前面有the only等限定词和修饰语时, 定语从句的谓语动词要与one保持一致而取单数形式例如This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written.He is the only one of the students who studies hard at school. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.先行词为不定代词表示物,all, much, something, everything, anything ,nothing, none, the one等,先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。.先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:当关系代词的前面有介词时.1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.在非限制性定语从句中.1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)(B) who & that: who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如：.在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .关系副词引导的定语从句:When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。定语从句中when=in/on/at which, 其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou was launched, which has a great effect on my life. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。定语从句中where=in/on/at which,其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）This is the place where I was born.This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）I live in the room which was bought by my father. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；如：Thats the reason why/for which he was late. The reason why / for which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语）Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）                             当先行词为way时，关系词在句中作状语时，定语从句常用that, in which引导，that常可以省略。way后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.比较: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.V.介词+关系代词考点 1.基本考点考点1 简单介词+关系代词  引导定语从句时，that和who不能用于介词之后，能用于介词关系代词引导定语从句的代词只有which和whom。考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词前该选什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、词组搭配、习语、惯用法等来决定,归纳起来介词的选择主要依据如下几点：介词与定语从句的先行词搭配。如：The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look(on the farm)介词与从句中动词搭配。如：Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands？(shake hands with sb.)In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help)介词与定语从句中的形容词搭配,如：The west lake, for which Hang Zhou is famous, is a beautiful place.（ be famous for）根据句子的意思来决定, 此时不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。Water is very important for us without which we cant live. (2004辽宁) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad（2006辽宁）I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of whom were from Germany.The old man has two daughtersBoth of them are doctors那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。as 常用在as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected等结构中。例如：一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .（as 作宾语） Jack has won the first prize, as often happens. 像往常一样，Jack得了一等奖。训练题汇总EX1用适当的关系词填空. 1.  I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.    I will never forget the day    _ we spent in Beijing.2. The house _ we visited is being repaired now.  The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.Ex2选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.EX3 思考:用五种方式（定语从句）翻译句子   这是他工作的工厂。1. This is the factory_ he works.   2. This is the factory _he works.3. This is the factory_ he works in.    4. This is the factory  _he works in.5. This is the factory_he works in.EX4 思考: 介词+关系代词的情况 介词+关系代词的情况 （1）The man whom you spoke_ was a scientist. The city _she lives in is far away.介词+关系代词的情况（2） 改错 The man to who you spoke was a scientist.The city in that she lives is far away.Ex5: 介词+关系代词的使用1.  Do you like the book  she spent $10?    2.  Do you like the book    she paid $10?3.  Do you like the book    she learned a lot?   4.  Do you like the book  she often talks?5.  He dug a hole  he could got water from the lake.6. There is a tall tree outside,     stands our teacher.7.  China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _is the Yellow River.8. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming.9. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _  hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.