新译林版初中英语七年级下册单元知识点归纳及练习试题.pdf

新译林7B英语UNIT 1 单元知识点归纳及练习题Unit 1 Dream homes一、词汇大集合palace n.皇宫，宫殿Canada n.力 H 拿大country n.国家Japan n.日本mile n.英里UK abbr.(=United Kingdom)英国flat n.公寓，套房area n.面积centre n.v 英:中心=美 centermay v.可以,也许,可能share vt.合用；分享town n.镇，城镇own adj.自己的vt.拥有,所有capital n.首都bathroom n.浴室；舆洗室garden n.花园，果园beach n.海滩thousand num.千grow vt.&vi.种植；生长bedroom n.臣 卜 室zero num.零balcony n.阳台million num.白万sea n.海over prep.超过；越过；在上方，遍及；在期间hundred num.百square adj.平方的；方形的foot n.(pl.feet)英尺metre n.v 英 米，公尺=美meterstudy n.书房fridge n.冰箱fork n.叉，餐叉knife n.刀lamp n.灯，台灯shower n.沐浴器；沐浴；阵雨sofa n.沙发video n.录像；视频message n.消息，音信double adj.&n.双（的）；两 倍（的）invite vt.邀请machine n.机器France n.法国field n.地，田Russia n.俄罗斯stay vi.&n.停留,逗留国家。首都CountryCapitalJapanTokyoeThe USAWashington D.C.mericanBritain/The UKLondonoman EnglishFranceParisman FrenchThailand（泰国）BangkokRussia（俄罗斯）MoscowRussianChinaBeijing。语言-人Language People/People,sJapanese Japanese JapanesEnglish American（s）AEnglish Englishman/EnglishwFrench Frenchman/FrenchwoRussian（s）RussianChinese Chinese ChineseAustralia（澳大利亚）Canberra（坎培拉）English Australian（s）AustralianCanada（加拿大）Ottawa（渥太华）English/French Canadian（s）CanadianItaly（意大利）Rome（罗马）ItalianGermany（德国）Berlin（柏林）German German（s）German词组Italian（s）Italian1 live in a palace住在一个宫殿里2、1,815 feel tall 1815 英尺高3、next t o 紧邻，在”近旁；仅次于4、in siz e 在大小上5、the capital of 小,的首都6、be different from 与,不同7、enjoy a cup of tea 喝杯茶8、be full of 满足9、in the centre of 在，加的中心10、of one so w n 属于某人自己的11 on the seventh floor 在第八层12 some day 将来有一天，总有一天13 share sth with t o 与某人合用/分享礼物13 take a message传个话，捎个口信14 listen to music in bed 在床上听音乐15 call sb back 回电话16、my own bed room 我自己的卧室17 at the foot of 在”,，脚下18 look out at the beach and the sea 向外看海滩和大海19、a football field 个足球场20 invite my friends to watch films with me 邀请我的朋友21、more than enough food 足够多的食物二、句型大集合1、Would you like to live in a palace,Eddie?艾迪，你想住在宫殿里吗？这里would like是“想，想要”的意思，后面可以加名词或动词或动词不定式。如：r d like to go to the USA next year.明年我想去美国。2、I d like to live next to a restaurant.我想住在餐馆附近。这里nextto是“附近，靠近的”的意思，相当于near。如：The table is next to the window.这张桌子在窗户旁。3、Which country is this photo from,A m y?艾米，这幅照片来自哪个国家？这里be from相当于come from,是“来自,的意思。如：Where is Mr Black from?布莱克先生来自于哪儿？4 Is Tokyo the capital of Japan?东京是日本的首都吗？句型结构为:The capital of+国家is+首都。如：The capital of the UK is London,英国首都是伦敦。拓展(1)capital n.省会 The capital of Jiangsu is Nanjing.江苏省会是南京。(2)capital n.大写字母We should write in a capital at the beginning of a sentence.句子的开头我们应该用 大写字母。(3)capital n.资本，资金,资产personal capital个人资产(4)capital adj.顶好的，一流的He came up with a capital idea.他想好一个绝妙的主意。5 I like the kitchen b est.我最喜欢厨房。Likebest意为“最 喜 欢,相 当 于 likemost。如：The girl likes playing the piano best/most.这个女孩最喜欢弹钢琴。What activity do you like best/most?你喜欢什么活动？6、I share a bedroom with my sister.我和姐姐共用一个卧室。这里share的意思是“共同使用，共同分享。通常用于以下结构：share sth with sb表示“和某人共享某物”。如：I share the computer with my brother.我和我弟弟共用一台电脑。7、I have my own bedroom and bathroom.我有我自己的卧室和浴室。own在这里用作形容词，意 为“自己的”，必须与物主代词连用。如：Now ask the same questions about your own teacher.用同样的问题问,些关于 你们老师的情况。This book is my ow n.这本书是我自己的。拓展own用作动词时，意为“所有；拥有”。如：Which of these would you most like to ow n?这些东西，你最想拥有哪*个？We don t own our flat-we rent i t.我们自己没有房子-这是租的。(1)of one s o w n 自己做的；自己独有的He has a room of his ow n,他有自己专用的房间。(2)on one?s own 单独，独自r ve been living on my own for four years now.我已单独人生活 了四年 了。You can t expect him to do it all on his ow n.你不能期望他独自一人做它。8、France has an area of over 260,000 square miles.法国有超过 260,000 平方英里 的面积。(1)这里over意 为“多于，超过，相当于more than。如：The whale can stay under the water for over a half hour but then it must come t o the top for air.鲸鱼能在水下停留半个小时，然后必须到水面上来吸气。According to his count,there were over 3,000 people at the meeting.按照他的计算，有 3,000多人出席了会议。(2)have an area of 意为 有，面积”如：The town covers an area of ten square kilometers.这个城镇的面积有10平方公里。9、Hello.May I speak to Daniel,please?喂。请问我可以和丹尼尔通话吗?Hello.May/Can I speak to,please?是英语中打电话时常用的开场白，意为“请 问，我能找某人接电话吗？”如果对方就是你要找的那个人，他/她通常会说 Speaking.(我就是。)如：一Hello!May/Could I speak to Mr Green,please?一你好!我能找格林先生接 电话吗？Speaking./This is Mr Green speaking./Mr Green speaking.一我就是。注意：用英语打电话时，询问对方是谁，不用Who are you?而常用 Who s that?或者 Who s the(speaking?)(你是谁？)，还可以说 Is that?(你是”吗?)o当需要自我介绍时可以说This is(speaking).或者My name is。10 There is a football field in front of my house and a swimming pool beside it.在我家房子的前面有一个足球场，在它的旁边的一个游泳池。本句型是“There be+名词+介词短语”，意为“在某地有什么，其中的be必须 与后面的名词在数上保持一致。如：There is an MP3 on the desk.桌子上有1只 MP3。There are two MP3s on the desk.桌子上有二只 MP3。三、语法大聚焦基数词和序数词 英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。表示数目的词是基 数；表示数目顺序的词是序数词。基数词的构成基数词的构成见下表：1 one16 sixteen31 thirty-one2 two17 seventeen40 forty3 three18 eighteen50 fifty4 four19 nineteen60 sixtythirty-fiv5 five20 twenty70 seventy6 six21 twenty-one80 eighty7 seven22 twenty-two90 ninety8 eight23 twenty-three100 one hundred9 nine24 twenty-four101 one hundred and one10 ten25 twenty-five123 one hundred and twenty-three11 eleven26 twenty-six1,000 one thousand12 twelve27 twenty-seven1,001 one thousand and one13 thirteen28 twenty-eight1,235 one thousand,two hundred ande注意：(1)2199之间的各数词,(2)101999之间的数词,在十位数和个位数之间加连字符“一 在百位数hundred后应加and。教你巧学巧记(巧记100内的基数词)基数词不难记，整十之后有一t y,找清规律容易，要 说“儿十儿”，二十以内 词各异，中 间“一”号莫忘记。十三到十九相同，后加一teen莫忘记。Hundred是“一 百”，请你记住莫大意。二十、三十”至九十。读数的诀窍 有一首歌诀，可以帮助我们迅速地用英语读出长数字。从右向左三逗开，一逗千，二逗万，三逗就是十万万；左右三位分开读，保你又 快又喜欢。1、“从右向左三逗开，”指从右向左把长数字每三位用逗号分开。如：10,234；225,689；61,564,0232、“一逗千，二逗百万，三逗就是十万万；”指从右向左的第一个逗号表示“千”(thousand)；第二个逗号表示“百万”(million)；第三个逗号表示“十万万”(b illio n,即十亿)。3、“左右三位分开读，保你乂快又喜欢”指读数时从左向右，每三位三位地按三 位数的读法去读，遇到逗号时就分别加上该逗号所表示的哪个单词。如：327；读作：three hundred and twenty-seven508；读作：five hundred and eight60,808；读作：sixty thousand,eight hundred and eight1,234,567；读作：one million,two hundred and twenty-four thousand,five hundred and sixty-seven13,000,000,000：读作：thirteen billion基数词的用法1、在句子中的主要作用：(1)作主语Two of then joined the army last y e a r.去年他们当中有两人参了军。(2)作宾语 Give her one,please.请给她一个。(3)作定语 There are forty-eight students in their c la ss,他们班有四十八位学生。(4)作表语She is only thirteen.她只有十三岁。2、基数词也可以表示顺序和编号，通常用数字表示，放 在“房间”、“页”、“章”或“电话号码”等名词后面。如：Room 406：读作:room four 0zero six 第 406 房间Page 40：读作：page fo rty 第四十页编号时，也可用译数词表示，如：the first lesson=Lesson One。序数词的构成序数词表示“次序”，用途广泛。基数词变为序数词绝大多数是直接加一th,也有少数变化是不规则的。虽然不规 则的少，但同学们却最容易弄错。如把 twelfth 写成 twelvety,把 ninth 写成 ninetho记住下面的口诀可以帮助我们克服诸如此类的错误：一二三，特别记(1)其余后加一th。八减t(2),九去e(3),f 要将ve替(4)。Y 变为i e,然后再加一th(5)0“儿十儿”面前要注意，个位序数要牢记(6)。注 意:(1)first,second,third无规律，需要特别记。,(2)eight的序数词,是去t 再加一t h,那eighth,读作eit。(3)nine,要去 e 再加一t h,即 ninth。(4)以ve结尾的基数词，five,twelve,要把ve变为f 再加一th,即 fifth,twelfth0 (5)“几十 是以 y 结尾，先将 y 变为 ie,再加一th 如 twentieth,fortieth,ninetieth0(6)“儿十儿”只将个位数变为序数词，十位数不变。如“第 56”fifty-sixth,“第 九十九 ninety-nintho另外，序数词缩写时，作阿拉伯数字，后加序数词的最后两个字母构成。First=1st,eighth=8th,twenty-second=22nd,ninety-third=93rdo 序数词的用法：1、作表数 The first is better than the second.第一个比第二个更好。2、作宾语I like the third.我喜欢第三个。3、作定语 Tell us something about the second day,please.请给我们谈谈第二天的 情况吧。4、作表语 Miss Green is always the first o get to the office.格林小姐总是第一个到 达办公室。注意：序数词一般要加定冠词the,但有时加不定冠词a(n),则表示“再一”，”又 一”的意思。例如：He cast his net for a third tim e.他又撒了 一网(表示已经撒过两次)。单元综合练习词汇1.This Sunday is my grandmothers birthday.(九十九)2.Thanks for us to your birthday p arty.(邀请)3.Can I take a for you?(消息，音信).4.There are m of stars in the sky at night.(百万).5.8,0 0 0,0 0 0 people visit London every y e a r.(超过)6.Class 3 is two f l oor s(在.下方)Class 10.7.My(较年长的)sister works as a nurse in a hospital.8.In Beijing,the heavy traffic is a big(问 题).9.Jacky is the r i ght（人）for this job.10.What（其他的）things do you want?11.rm enjoying the music.Please keep q12.Boys and girls,please keep our classro om clean and t.13.There are about t wo（千）students in our school.14.Wheres Mum?Shes cooking in the.15.My gr a nny（种植）a lot of vegetables on the farm last yea 16.Sandy says her（邻居）are very kind and she is happy to live here,二.句型转换 将下列句子改为同义句1.Would you like to see a film?you to see a film?2.The capital of Japan is Tokyo.is the of Japan.3.I live in a house.It has ten rooms.I live in a ten rooms.4.He and his family often have tea on in the sitting room.he and his family have tea in the sittingroom?5.It rains a lot in autumn here.There is in autumn here.三.句子翻译1.他们的公寓和的我们镇上这里的公寓真的不样。2.他总是我们班第个来校。3.客厅是聊天、看电视的最佳地方。4.周末，公园里总是有足够多的人在放风筝。四、单项选择()1.Millie often the radio in bed.A.listen;the B.listens to;/C.hears;/D.hears;the()2,_we go shopping together now?OK.But you waitfor a moment?A,Shall,will B.Will,shall C.Shall,shall D.Will,will()3.Thomas wants to have an iPad 3 his own.A.of B.on C.at D.by()4.Would you like to help me with my lessons?Sor r y.I haveno time now.A.Tm sure B.Im afraid C.Td like D.I hope()5.Excuse me,how does this number 20,135 read?It r eads.A.twenty thousands,one hundred thirty-five B.twenty thousand,one hundred thirty-fiveC.twenty thousand,one hundred and thirty-five D.twenty thousands,one hundred and thirty-five()6.Jack is the English exam.A.calling back B.wonying about C chatting with D.looking for()7.There are about this area.A.three informations B.three piece of informationC.three pieces of information D.three pieces of informations五、任务型阅读Life in EnglandHomes and familiesMany English people would like to live in houses,not flats.Because most houses have gardens.They like growing vegetables and flowers when they have a free day.Daily life(日常生活)Most office workers start work at about nine in the morning and finish it at about five in the afternoon.They dont go home for lunch.They just have quick meals at noon.They usually have big meals at the weekend.Many English people like outdoor sports and travelling.They think they are good for their health.School lifeChildren go to school at about 9.00 a.m.and go back home at about 3.30 p.m.Most children have lunch at school.All children go to school when they are four or five years old.ShopsMost shops open at about 9.00 am and close at about 6.00 p.m.Usually,they dont close for lunch.Life in EnglandHomes and familiesMany English people hope to live in a house with a(1)_.They can _vegetables and flowers if they are not(3)Daily lifeMost office workers work for about(4)_hours a day.They dont go home for lunch.They just have(5)_meals at noon.They usually have(6)_meals at theweekend.They think they can keep(7)_ by doingoutdoor sports and travelling.School lifeA schoolday in England is about(8)_ hours.Most childrenhave lunch at school.All children go to school at the(9)_of four or five.ShopsMost shops are open at about 9.00 a.m.and are(10)_at about 6.00 p.m.Usually,they dont close for lunch.六、词汇1.How many(7J)are there on the table?Five.2.(千)of people lost their lives in Sichuan because of the earthquake.3.These(学院)students often help the ole people do some shopping.4.This weekend,I want to visit the Summer（宫殿）by bus.5.Jack has a（工作）as an English teacher.6.My computer is（break）.Can you fix it?7.He is very（help）.He often helps us with our English study.8.As we all know Thursday is the（five）day of a week.9.He showed the two（visit）around the museum.10,Today is Jims（twenty）birthday.She is very happy.新译林7B英语UNIT 2 单元知识点归纳及练习题Unit 2 Neighbours一、重点词汇单词neighbour n.英 邻居=美 neighbornotice n.布告，通知wow excL 哇，呀below adv.&prep.在”下面shall modal v.（过去式 should）将，将会better adj.&adv.（good,well 的比较级）较好，更好will modal v.（过去式 would）将，将会anything pron.任何事like prep.像，相似,类似problem n.问题waiter n.（餐馆等的）服务员visitor n.访问者，参观者neighbourhood n.英街区=美 neighborhoodcommunity n.社 区;社团helpful adj.愿意帮忙的；有用的skill n.技能，某物social adj.社会的check vt.检查；核实something prop.某事someone pron.某人broken adj.弄坏了的；伤残的anyone pron.任何人fix vt.修理；安装；使固定lucky adj.幸运的college n.学院office n.办公室fire n.火station n.局，所，站manager n.经理job n.工作policeman n.警察artist n.艺术家,（尤指）画家postman n.邮递员sick adj.生病的；恶心的company n.公司information n.信息elder adj.年纪较长的n.年长者group n.组,群post n.邮政person n.Afuture n.将来sound linking v.听起来词组1、visit our new neighbours拜访我们的新邻居2、need some h e lp 需要一些帮助3 in City Garden在城市公园4 decide to do sth 决定做某事5 in Ninth Street在第九大街6、be late 迟到7 in your neighbourhood 在你们街区8、plan a day o u t计划一天外出9、most of them 他们中的绝大多数10 the day after tomorrow 后天11、be kind and helpful友善并乐于助人12、make a fire 生火13、help echo other 互相帮助14、the positive/negative sentences 肯定/否定句15 be ready to do sth 乐意做某事16、the simple future tense 一般将来时17 really nice 十分好18 the Saturday afternoon 本周六下午19、help old people 帮助老人20 look at the information below 看下面的信息21、do some shopping 买东西22、feel w ell感到康复了23、be lucky to do sth 很幸运做某事24 these d ay s这些日子25、a community centre 社区中心26、make you feel better 使你感觉更好27 social worker社会福利工作者28、help with your problems 帮你解决问题29 share their different skills 分享他们不同的技能30 worry about 为,，担心3 1 5 all kinds of problems各种各样的问题3 2 design your home 设计你的家3 3、something wrong 某物坏了3 4、know a lot about*e知道很多关于，加3 5、be broken 坏了3 6、give sb some id eas给某人一些想法(建议)3 7、help sb with sth帮助某人解决某种困难3 8、on his b lo g在他的博客上二、句型大集合1、Where are you goin g?你要到哪儿去？go可以用进行时态来表示将来的动作。如：He is going to P aris.他要去巴黎了。拓展类似的词还有come,go,leave,move等。如：Look!The bus is com ing.看！公共汽车就快来了。r m leaving.B y e!我要走了,再见。WeJ re moving to B eijin g.我们就要看 搬到北京去了。2 T m going to visit our new neighbours.我打算去拜访我们的新邻居。be going to表示将来，后接动词原形，be随主语而变化。be going to句型般指“经过计划安排之后准备做某事”。如：Zhang Hua is going to study abroad next year.张华明年准备出国留学。She s going to visit Nanjing this summer.这个暑假她打算游览南京。3、r m afraid they won,t welcome visitors like y o u.恐怕他们不会欢迎像你这 样的旅客。afraid作形容词，意 为“害怕的”，常有以下几种用法：be afraid that 表示 担心、恐怕”之意，是一种委婉的语气。如 We are all afraid that Jack can,t come here on time.我们都很担心杰克不能按时 来。be afraid of sth/doing sth 表 示“怕,担心,如：The little girl is afraid of going out at n igh t.这个小姑娘害怕在夜间外出。be afraid to do sth 表 示 怕 “之意。如：Isn,t he afraid to die?难道他不怕 死吗？4、Most of them have 14 floors.它们大多数有 14 层。most作形容词，意为“大多数，在部分”，修饰名词。如：Most students are good at Chinese.大多数学生擅长汉语。most作代词，意为“大多数，大部分”，此时可以和o f搭配。但mostof后面 若跟名词，名词前需要定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰；mostof后若跟代词,应该跟宾格。如：Most of the people singing are w om en.唱歌的人之中，大部分是妇女。Most of them are teachers.他们中的大多数是教师。most作副词，意 为“很；颇”，相当于very。I like this magazine m o st.我最 喜欢这本杂志。5、They help us with all kinds of problems.他们帮助我们解决各种各样的问题。Help sb with sth意为“帮助某人解决某种困难”，相当于help sb(to)do sth。如：He often helps me with my maths.=He often helps me to learn maths.他经常帮我学习数学。拓展help的常见短语：help sb with sth=意为“帮助某人做某事”。can t/couldn t help doing sth 意为“禁不住做某事如：She can t help crying.她忍不住哭了。help oneself to意 为“随便吃如：Help yourself to some fish,children.孩子们，随便吃点鱼。help sb(to)do sth意 为“帮助某人做某事”。I often help my mother to clean the ro o m.我经常帮助我的妈妈打扫房间。6、There,s something wrong with my computer.我的电脑坏了。Something的基本意思是“某物，某事”，主要用于肯定句中，要否定句或疑问 句中通常用anythingo有时为了表示一种较肯定的意味或提出申请等，something 也可用于非肯定句中。注意：something用于主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，其相应的代词也用单数形 式；something有形容词修饰时，定语应后置。如：Something is wrong with the T V.这台电视出了 毛病了。I have something important to tell y o u.我有些重要的事要告诉你。Would you like something to e a t?你想要吃什么东西吗？7、My cousin Annie s bicycle is broken,so she s going to ask someone to fix it.我 表妹安妮的自行车坏了，因此打算请人修它。句是由并列连词so连接的并列句，SO意为“因此；所以，如：Jack was ill,so he didn?t go to school.杰克病了，因此没有去上学。broken作形容词，意为“弄坏了的；伤残的，broken常用于器皿、玻璃、钟表等。如：一What s the tim e?一什么时间了？一Idont know,my watch is broken.我不知道，我的表坏T o I think the doorbell