新人教版八年级英语下册综合知识点梳理.pdf

新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳Unit 1 Whafs the matter?重点短语:have a stomachachehave a coldlie downtake ones temperaturehave a fevergo to a doctorto ones surpriseagree to(do sth.)get into troublebe used totake risksrun out(of)cut offget out ofbe in control ofkeep on(doing sth.)give up语言知识归纳：1.Whats the matter(with you)?此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：Whats wrong with you?/Whats the trouble?matter作动词用，意为“要 紧 有 关 系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。What does it matter?It doesnt matter.【例题】Does it if we cant finish it today?A.mind B.minds C.matter D.matters2.1 have a sore throat.have“患病”，常用havea/an+名词have a cold have a fever have a sore backhave a stomachache have a cough 例题()一Does he often have cold?一Yes.He also a cough and a sorethroat.A.a;has B./;has C.a;have D./;have3.Lie down and rest!躺下休息lie down 躺下：八年级英语下册知识点单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlying第1页 共2 4页4.That9s probably why.那可能就是原因。probably意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5.hurt v.使受伤；伤害；疼痛He hurt his leg when he fell.他摔伤的时候伤 了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。6.The bus driver,24-year-old Wang Ping 公交车司机，24 岁的王平.24-year-old是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）例题A girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father.A.three-year-old B.three-years-old C.Three years old7.expect v t.期待；预期；期盼;expect的常见用法：expect+名词/代词The old man is expecting his daughters visit.expect to do sth.I expect to get a birthday present from my dad.expect sb.to do sth.Do you expect him to teach you English?expect+从句I expect that you will get there soon.【辨析】expect 与 look forward to两者都有期待的意思look forward to doing sth.Im looking forward to seeing Tom.8.But to his surprise但是令他吃惊的是.to ones surprise表示“令人惊奇的是.，相当于 主语+be+surprised”To his surprise,he found the girl was bind.=He was surprised to find the girl was blind.令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。【拓展】in surprise表示“惊奇的“，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。The two girls looked at each other in surprise.那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。be surprised at表示 对.感到惊讶We are very surprised at the news.听到这个消息，我们很诧异。surprising表示“使人惊奇的“，作表语时，主语是事物。9.They dont want any trouble.他们不想惹麻烦。trouble用作名词，意为“炀恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等”。His life is full of trouble.他的生活充满 了 烦恼。Whats the trouble?怎么了？trouble用作动词，意为“麻烦，打扰八年级英语下册知识点第2页 共2 4页Fm sorry to trouble you.抱歉打扰你。【拓展】与trouble相关的短语in trouble处于困境中 get into trouble陷入困境Have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难例题-How is your English study?-Not bad.But I learning English grammar.A.am interested B.am good at C.have a little trouble D.have no trouble10.辨析 used to do sth.与 be used to sth./doing sth.过去常常 习惯于某事/做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end,I got used to doing hard work.11.辨析 run out 与 run out of人+run out of They have run out of the water.物+run out(不可用于被动语态)The money is running out.【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项()Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings.I need to buy some now.A.ate up B.run out of C.ran of D.ran out of12.make decisions=make a decision 作 出决定decision为decide的名词形式make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.13.be in control of 管理；控制A teacher should be in control of his class.重 点 语 法：情态动词should的用法(1)should后接动词原形，变否定句在should后 加n o t,变一般疑问句时将should提前。(2)should常用于以下两种情况：提出建议You looked tired.You should lie down and rest.表推测，意为“该，按理应当Wait a minute.I think he should come in a minute.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.八年级英语下册知识点第 3 页 共 2 4 页重点短语:clean upby oneselfcheer upput offgive output onused togive awaytake afterset upmake a differencecare forcome up with语言知识归纳:1.give o u t分发，发放【拓展】give构成的短语还有：give away赠给，赠送 give in屈服，投降give u p放弃 give o ff发 出（气味、光、热等）e up with 提出，想出（1）表示“想出或提出“，相当于think ofI think she can come up with a good idea（2）come up with 还 可 表 示“赶上”，相当于 catch up with.We should study hard to come up with them【例题】（）We must a plan to improve your math.A.pick up B.catch up with C.come up with D.make up3.Tv run out of i t.我已经把它用完了。run out o f表 示“用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。【拓展】run out o f还可表示“从.跑出来Bill ran out of the room.Bill 从房间里跑出来。run构成的短语还有run away 逃走 run after 追赶run into difficulties 遇到困难【例题】（）When your m o n e y,please come to me for some.A.runs out of B.runs out C.is running out of D.is run out4.1 take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。【辨析】take after 与 look liketake after意为“长得像，行为、性格等像“，尤其是像自己的长辈。The boy takes after his father.这个男孩长得像他爸爸。look like可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。八年级英语下册知识点第4页 共2 4页The man looks like our teacher.这个男的看起来像我们的老师。The rainbow looks like a bridge.彩虹看上去像一座桥。【拓展】take构成的短语take up take off take placetake ones time take care【例题】（）-Youve really beautiful blond hair.-Thank you.I my mother.A.look after B.take after C.take from D.look for5.set u p创办，建立set u p为副词短语，与start,establish同义Theyve set up a company.他们创办 了一家公司。与se t相关的短语还有：set o u t动身，开 始（做某事）set o ff出发，引起，激发6.You helped to make il possible for me lo have kicky.对我来说,有了 你的帮助，我才有可能拥有 Lucky,it是形式宾语You made it possible for me to catch up with others.你让我有可能赶上其他人。【例题】（）He found_hard to go to sleep with the light on.A.it B.that C.he D.him7.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Lucky 对我的生活产生了 很大的影响。make a big difference意为“对.产生很大的影响”,difference在此为“影响”的意思。【例题】（）The heavy snow didnt_the international airlines.A.pay attention to B.add to C.make a difference to D.keep to8.imagine v.想象，假想；以为，认为imagine（v.想象）imagination（n.想象）imaginative（adj.富于想象力的）9.help.o u t帮.克服困难，帮.分担工作The teacher often helps his students out.那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。10.be excited about.对.兴奋Im excited about the game of Li N a.我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。exciting修饰物重 点 语 法：动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：（1）动词+介词八年级英语下册知识点 第 5 页 共 2 4 页这类动词短语主要有：agree with,ask for,arrive at,hear of,look at,take after,listen to 等。这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。Im looking fbr my pen.Dont laugh at the poor man.(2)动词+副词这类动词短语有:find out,give out,look up,put on,turn on/off,wake up,work out 等。这类动词后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词前面或后面；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在副词前面。Please pick up the pen.=Please pick the pen up.It took him two hours to work it out.(3)动词+名词+介词这类动i司短语有:have a look at,make friends with,pay attention to,take care of,look forward to 等。在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.(4)动词+形容词+介词这类动词短语有:be angry with,be busy with,be good for,be different from,be interested in,be good at 等。【例题】(1)()When you dont know a word,you can_in the dictionary.A.look it up B.set it up C.give it up D.pick it up(2)()We will have dinner at the restaurant,which is famous_ its sea food.A.of B.to C.for D.asUnit 3 Could you please clean your room?重点短语：take out the rubbishmake the bedall the timeborrow some moneyhelp with houseworkhang out with.a waste of timein order toas.as take care ofin surprisedo the dishesas a result语 言知识归纳：1.work o n从事于；着手干The writer is working on a new book.那位作家正在写一本新书。She is going to work on her physics project.她打算从事她的物理项目。八年级英语下册知识点第6页 共2 4页【例题】（）The scientists are inventing some methods of producing electricity.A.working on B.working out C.working at D.working for2.at least 至少at le a s t修饰时间、距离、长度等，以加强语气。翻译短语位at most,意为“至多，最多He kept me waiting at least an hour.There were fifty people there at most.3.all the time 一直；总是Things are changing all the time.事情一直在变化。【拓展】time相关的短语on time 准时 at the same time 同 时 in time 及时From time to time 偶 尔 the first time 第一次【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。（）I always go shopping on Friday.A.all the time B.all the same C.all along D.all the way5.Trnjust as tired as you are!我和你一样累。as.as意为“和.一样 ，表示同级比较。as.as中间要用形容词或副词原级。This story is as interesting as that one.这个故事和那个一样有趣。否定式为not as/so.as,意为 不如.”。The garden is not so beautiful as you thought.【例题】（）He speaks French well,but of course not a person born in France.A.as clear as B.clearer than C.as clearly as D.the more clearly6.For one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.一个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家务。so,neither倒装句型f S o+助动词/b e动词/情态动词+主语I Neither+助动词/b e动词/情态动词+主语这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况，后 面 某 人（物）也是这样。助动词/b e动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复形式由后句的主语决定。So依附于肯定句，neither依附于否定句。Bill watched TV last night.So did Ann.Lily isnt a teacher.Neither is Mary.【例题】（）never drink coffee.-.A.So do I B.So did I C.Neither did I D.Neither do I八年级英语下册知识点第7页 共2 4页7.辨析 borrow 与 lendborrow sth.from s b.向 某 人 借（入）某物lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人【注】borrow,lend都是非延续性动词，如果要表示“借多长时间”要 用keep。【伊J 题】()Although you like the book,you may only_it for two weeks.A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.stay8.spend v.花 费（金 钱;时 间）spend+钱/时间+on sth.在.上花费时间或金钱spend+时 间+（in）doing sth.花时间做某事【例题】（）Yang Feng_every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old peoples home.A.costs8.provide v.提供；给予.provide sth.provide sb.with sth.provide sth.for sb.B.takes C.pays D.spendsThe restaurant provide the best service.The parents provide the children with food and clothes.The schools provide desks and chairs for the students.【伊J题】（）To protect the environment,supemiarkets dont_free plastic bags to shoppers.A.take B.show C.provide D.carry10.depend o n依靠；依赖；相信depend on为固定短语，不能用进行时态，也不可用被动语态As we know,good results depend on hard work.You cant depend on your parents forever.10.The earlier kids learn to be independent,the better it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立，对他们的将来就越好。the+比较级，th e+比较级 越.就越The harder you work at your study,the better grades you will have.【例题】（）-There was thick haze（雾霾）in our city this spring.What do you think of it?-I think_cars we drive,pollution our city will have.A.the fewer;the fewer B.the fewer;the lessC.The more;the fewer D.the more;the less11.in order to 的用法(1)in order to意为“为了.”，强调目的，后接动词原形。In order lo let the students hear him,he spoke loudly.We have to study hard in order to pass the exam.八年级英语下册知识点第8页 共2 4页In order nol to be late for school,she took a taxi.(2)含in order to的句子可以转变为由so that或in order th at引导的状语从句。She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus.She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.12.as a result 的用法asaresuh用于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用标点符号将两个句子隔开，意为“结果是He didnt listen carefully.As a result,he couldnt work out the maths problem.【注】as a result o f的意思是“由于，因为“，相当于because of。Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.=Peter was late because of the heavy rain.【例题】()The boy studied hard.,he passed the exam.A.la fact B.On time C.After all D.As a resultUnit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?重点短语：look throughwork outget on withcut outcompare.within ones opiniona big dealso thatget into a fightcommunicate withnot.until.call sb.upinstead of语言知识归纳：1.Why dont you talk to your parents?Why dont you do sth=Why not do sth.为什么不.？”【拓展】提 出建议的句型What/How about doing sth.?做某事怎么样？Shall we do sth.?我们做某事好吗？Youd better(not)do sth.你 最 好(不)做 某 事。Why dont you do sth.为什么不做某事呢？Would you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事吗？2.allow v.允许，许可八年级英语下册知识点第9页 共2 4页 allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends.allow doing s th.”允许做某事”She doesnt allow smoking in her house.）aHow+名词We cant allow such a thing.【例题】（）Do you often allow until 11:00 p.m.A.to stay up B.stay up C.staying up D.and stay up3.work o u t产生.效果，进展.Things worked out quite well for u s.对我们来说，事情进展很好。He worked out the maths problem.他算出 了 这道数学题。Can you work out the problem alone?你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？municate v.交流信息；沟通1 cant communicate with them at the moment.此亥“我无法同他们进行交流。communication n,交流People cant get on well with each other without communication.没有交流，人们就无法相处得好。【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。（）People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.A.write B.read C.agree D.communicate5.argue v i.争论；争吵argue with s b.与某人争论Don t argue with your parents.不要和你的父母争论。argue 的名词形式是“argument”,have an argument with sb.与某人辩论。Alice hand an argument with her best friend.例题】（）1 never argue my parents.A.in B.to C.for D.with6.instead adv.代替，顶替If you are busy,you may come another day instead.【辨析】instead 与 instead ofinstead副词舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末。instead of介词短语舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词ing。He didnt answer.He asked his father instead.We eat rice instead of noodles.八年级英语下册知识点第1 0页 共24页【例题】（）What a nice day!We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel.A.because of B.instead of C.together with D.out7.offer v.提供；提出；建议 offer做“提供”讲时，可接双宾语。offer sth.to sb.=offer sb.sth.向某人提供某物The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.=The waitress offered the man a cup of tea.offer还有“提出，建议 的意思，其后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。The old man offered to lend the boy some money.【例题】（）The little boy_his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.A.lent B.offered C.took D.brought8.And they are always comparing them with other pare作动词，意为“比较，和.相比 compare.with.把.同.相比较Parents shouldnt always compare their children with others.父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较。compare.to 把.比作.People often compare the life to a stage.人们常把生活比作一个舞台。【伊J 题】（）My handwriting can not be compared_ my fathers.A.to B.with C.on D.for11.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.return意为“归还”，其后可接双宾语return sb.sth.=return sth.to sb.Dont forget to return me the keys.return还有“返回”的意思，相当于go back,后接地点时需要介词to。He returned to Shanghai a week ago.【例题】那本书你还给图书馆了吗？Did you the book the library?（2）（）I dont know when we will Hong Kong.A.return back B.return to C.return back to D.returnUnit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?八年级英语下册知识点第1 1页 共24页重点短语:go offpick upfall asleepdie downmake ones wayin silencetake downat firstwait forin a messthe rest ofhave meaning tobasketball competitionas wellmake sure语言知识归纳：1.w hile当.的时候作连词引导时间状语从句，在while引导的从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从句中的动作或状态同时发生。While I was watching TV,someone knocked at the door.when意为“当.时”，动作有一前一后的意思。When I passed that room I heard someone singing.while作连词时也可理解为“然而“，表示转折关系。I like apples while my sister doesnt.【例题】（）Tom likes reading a newspaper he is having breakfast.A.until B.while C.because D.though（）Mary was talking on the phone someone knocked at the door.A.while B.before C.when D.after2.make sure查明；确信 make sure of sth.make sure to do sth.make sure that+从句【伊 题（）Read your English paper again and there is no mistake in it before you hand it in.A.make sure B.tum up C.come out D.look for3.1 got to the bus stop but I still missed the bus.get意为“到达”时，是不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，要加介词to。How can I get to the nearest supermarket?表示“到达”的三种形式：arrive意为到达J at+小地点八年级英语下册知识点第1 2页 共24页arrive in 十 大地点 get to后接地点名词。He got to school at 7:00 this morning.reach意为“到达”，是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。When did you reach America?【例题】()Please write to me as soon as you your school.A.get to B.reach to C.arrive D.come()-When did your aunt in Shandong?-Yesterday afternoon.A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come4.People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history,hear动词,意为“听说”。常用结构为：hear sb.do sth.听见某人做某事 hear sb.doing s t h.听见某人正在做某事 hear of/about sb./sth.听说某人或某事 hear from s b.收到某人的来信 hear+that从 句 听 说.【例题】()Tom likes to others but he never writes to them.A.hear B.hear of C.hear about D.hear from()-When did you the news?-Just now.A.hear about B.hear from C.heard D.hearing5.1 played the song without any mistakes.without介词，意为“无；没有”，其反义词为with,后接名词、代词或动词ing。Fish cant live without water.He went to work without having breakfast.【例题】她没敲门就进了房间。She entered the room at the door.你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？Can you see clearly yourUnit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.重点短语：a little bit instead of turn.into八年级英语下册知识点 第1 3页 共24页once upon a timeas soon asbe born语言知识归纳:fall in loveinstead ofturn.intoget marriedgive birth to2.try的用法 try to do sth.尽力做某事 try doing sth.