2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题及答案.pdf
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语一真题及答案材料题根据以下材料 回答1-20题。Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road inareas such as China,North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically1 outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by localgovernments of 2.The word caravanserai is a 3 of the Persian wordskarvan,which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and saray,a palace or enclosed building.The term caravan was used to 4 groups ofpeople who travelled together across the ancient network for safetyreasons,5 merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the 10th centuryonwards,as merchant and travel routes become more developed,the 6 ofthe caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for peopleto rest at night.Travellers on the Silk Road 7 possibility of beingattacked by thieves or being 8 to extreme weather conditions.For thisreason,caravanserais were strategically placed 9 they could be reachedin a day s travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal W point forthe various people who travelled the Silk Road.1_X，these structures becameimportant centres for cultural 12 and interaction,with travellers sharingtheir cultures,ideas and beliefs,13 talking knowledge with them,greatly14 the development of several civilisations.Caravanserais were also animportant marketplace for commodities and in the trade of goods alongthe Silk Road.W,it was frequently the first stop merchants looking tosell their wares and j_7 supplies for their own journeys.It is 18 thataround 120,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,19 only about 3,000 are known to remain today,many of which are in 20.着看材料一1.【完形填空】第1题A.displayedB.occupiedC.locatedD.equipped正确答案：C查看材料2.【完形填空】第2题A.privatelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.permanently正确答案：A查看材料3 .【完形填空】第 3 题A.definitionB.transitionC.substitutionD.combination正确答案：B查看材料4.【完形填空】第 4 题A.classifyB.recordC.describeD.connect正确答案：C查看材料5.【完形填空】第 5 题A.apart fromB.instead ofC.such asD.along with正确答案：C查看材料6.【完形填空】第 6 题A.constructionB.restorationC.impressionD.evaluation正确答案：A查看材料7.【完形填空】第 7 题A.doubtedB.facedC.acceptedD.reduced正确答案：B查看材料8.【完形填空】第8题A.assignedB.subjectedC.accustomedD.opposed正确答案：B查看材料9.【完形填空】第9题A.so thatB.even ifC.now thatD.in case正确答案：A查看材料10.【完形填空】第10题A.talkingB.startingC.breakingD.meeting正确答案：D查看材料11.【完形填空】第11题A.By the wayB.On occasionC.In comparisonD.As a result正确答案：D查看材料12.【完形填空】第12题A.heritageB.revivalC.exchangeD.status正确答案：C查看材料13.【完形填空】第13题A.with regard toB.in spite ofC.a s w e l l a sD.i n l i n e w i t h正确答案：C查看材料1 4.【完形填空】第 1 4题A.c o m p l e t i n gB.i n f l u e n c i n gC.r e s u m i n gD.p i o n e e r i n g正确答案：B查看材料1 5.【完形填空】第 1 5题A.a i d e dB.i n v e s t e dC.f a i l e dD.c o m p e t e d正确答案：A查看材料1 6.【完形填空】第 1 6题A.Ra t h e rB.In d e e dC.Ot h e r w i s eD.Ho w e v e r正确答案：B查看材料1 7.【完形填空】第 1 7题A.g o i n f o rB.s t a n d u p f o rC.c l o s e i n o nD.s t o c k u p o n正确答案：D查看材料1 8.【完形填空】第 1 8题A.be l i e v e dB.p r e d i c t e dC.r e c a l l e dD.i m p l i e d正确答案：A查看材料19.【完形填空】第19题A.untilB.becauseC.unlessD.although正确答案：D查看材料20.【完形填空】第20题A.ruinsB.debtC.fashionD.series正确答案：A材料题根据以下材料，回答21-25题。The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,butthe temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting inAustin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texasschools.Pat Hardy,a conservative member of the board who sympathises with theviews of the energy sector,is resisting proposed changes to sciencestandards for pre-teen pupils.These wou 1 d emphasise the primacy of humanactivity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigationmeasures.a In the national standards,everything has to do with climate change that,s very lopsided,v she claims.uThere are as many scientists workingagainst all the panic of global climate change as there are those who arepushing it.Texas is an energy state and we need to recognise that.Youneed to remember where your bread is buttered.”Most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views.Whatmillions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined toooften by the political ideology of partisan board members,rather thanfacts and sound scholarship,“says Dan Quinn,senior communicationsstrategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitorspublic education.They casually dismiss the career work of scholars andscientists as just another misguided opinion.”A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,anon-profit group of scientists and teachers,looking at how state publicschools across the country address climate change in science classes,gavebarely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among the 10 worst performerswere some of the most populous states,including Texas,which was giventhe lowest grade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because itstextbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centre s deputy director,cautions that settingstate-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a countrythat decentralises decisions to local school boards.Even if a state isconsidered a high performer in its science standards,athat does not meanit will be taught”,he says.Another issue is that,while climate change is well integrated into somesubjects and at some ages such as earth and space sciences in highschools it is not as well represented in curricula for younger childrenand in subjects that are more widely taught,such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelinesand textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change,unofficialeducational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are beingdistributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by 1 ibertarianthink-tanks and energy industry associations.In other countries,the pattern of climate change practices in schoolsis just as patchy.A study this year by Unesco,the UN agency,ofeducational policies and curricula in 46 member nations showed that,while92 per cent made at least one reference to environmental themes,the depthof inclusion was very low on average.More than half of members made nomention of climate change in policy and curricula documents,and just 19per cent discussed biodiversity.More needs to be done to preparelearners with the knowledge,skills,values and attitudes to act for ourplanet,“the report concluded.Aaron Benavot,professor of education policy and leadership at theUniversity at Albany,State University of New York,and one of the reports co-authors,warns that measurement remains difficult.aMore and morecountries are embedding into their national curricula a topic likeenvironmental studies or ecology,“he says.But,because climateeducation is not a separate subject,it s difficult to know how much timeand priority it is given.”查看材料21.【阅读理解 Part A In paragraph 1,the weather in Texas is mentionedtoA.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.B.stress the consequences of climate change.C.indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.D.draw the public s attention to energy shortages.正确答案：C查看材料22.【阅读理解 Part A What does Quinn think of Hardy?A.She exaggerates the existing panic.B.She denies the value of scientific work.C.She shows no concern for pre-teens.D.She expresses self-contradictory views.正确答案：B查看材料23 .【阅读理解 Part A The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 shows thatA.climate education is insufficient at state public schools.B.policy makers have little drive for science education.C.Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.D.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.正确答案：A查看材料24.【阅读理解 Part A According to Branch,state-level science standardsin the USA.call for regular revision.B.require urgent application.C.have limited influence.D.cater to local needs.正确答案：C查看材料25.【阅读理解 Part Ajit is implied in the last paragraph that climate changeteaching in some schoolsA.agree to major public demands.B.reflects teachersJ personal bias.C.may misrepresent the energy sector.D.can be swayed by external forces.正确答案：D材料题根据以下材料，回答26-3 0题。Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulateshort-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s.Now withrecord-high home prices and historically low inventory,there?s anincreased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worrythat developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for afortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put furtherpressure on an already strained market.The State Legislature recentlyvoted against a bill that would ve made it illegal for towns to createlegislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,“said NickTaylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of theGreater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern NewHampshire towns,aemployers are having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,“Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,pointedout Ryan Castle,CEO of a local association of realter.A lot of workersare servicing the tourist industry,and the tourism industry is servicedby those people coming in short term,“Castle said,“and so it s a cyclicaleffect.”Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said KerenHorn,an expert on affordable housing policy.I think individuals beingable to rent out their second home is a good thing.If it s their vacationhome anyway,and it s just empty,why can t you make money off it?”Horn said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt to createlarge-scale short-term rental facilities de facto hotels to bypasstaxes and regulations.I think the question is,shouldn t a developerwho s really building a hotel,but disguising it as not a hotel,be treatedand taxed and regulated like a hotel?”Horn said.At the end of 2018,governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a billto rein in those potential investor-buyers.The bill requires every rentalhost to register with the state mandates they carry insurance,and opensthe potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy.Boston took thingseven further,requiring renters to register with the city s InspectionalServices Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit strugglingcities and towns,but“if we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we have to buiId a lot more.”查看材料26.【阅读理解 Part A Which of the following is true of New England?A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.B.Its communities are in need of funding.C.Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D.Its home prices are under strict control.正确答案：A查看材料27.【阅读理解 Part A The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended toA.curb short-term rental speculation.B.ensure the supply of cheap housing.C.punish illegal dealings in housing.D.allow a free short-term rental market.正确答案：D查看材料28.【阅读理解 Part A Compared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to supportA.further investment in local tourism.B.an increase in affordable housing.C.strict management of real estate agents.D.a favorable policy for short-term workers.正确答案：B查看材料29.【阅读理解 Part A What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.C.The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D.The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.正确答案：C查看材料3 0.【阅读理解 Part A Horn holds that imposing registration requirementsisA.an irrational decision.B.an unfeasible proposal.C.an unnecessary measure.D.an inadequate solution.正确答案：D材料题根据以下材料，回答3 1-3 5题。If you re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones,the biggestbook retailer in the UK,in search of the Duchess of Sussexs new children,s book The Bench,you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit,thesame may be true of The President?s Daughter,the new thriller by BillClinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published next weekby Penguin Random House(PRH),a company currently involved in a stand-offwith Waterstones.The problem began late last year,when PRH confirmed that it had introduceda credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.The trademagazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers werebeing told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables,displayspaces and windows,and were“quietly retiring them to their relevantsections”.PRH deciined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstonestold me:aWaterstones are currently operating with reduced credit termsfrom PRH,the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on ourability to trade.We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing ourutmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite thelower overall levels of stock.We are hopeful with our shops now open againthat normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately.Certainly,our shops are exceptionally busy.The sales for our May Booksof the Month surpassed any month since 2018.”In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers.Big-name PRH authorsmay suffer a bit,but it s those mid-list authors,who normally rely onWaterstones staff,s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequencesof the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schuster the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likelyto lead to fewer bidding wars,lower advances,and more conformity in termsof what is published.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power,“says literary agent Andrew Lownie.The publishing industry talks aboutdiversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality ofways of delivering intellectual contact,choice and different voices.After all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have comefrom small publishers.We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need amongpublishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.查看材料3 1.【阅读理解 Part AThe author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to presentA.an ongoing conflict.B.an intellectual concept.C.a prevailing sentiment.D.a literary phenomenon.正确答案：A查看材料3 2.【阅读理解 Part A Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to theirrelevant sections?A.To make them easily noticeable.B.To comply with PRH s requirement.C.To respond to PRH s business move.D.To arrange them in a systematic way.正确答案：C查看材料3 3.【阅读理解 Part A What message does the spokesperson for Waterstonesseem to convey?A.Their customers remain loyal.B.The credit limit will be removed.C.Their stock is underestimated.D.The book market is rather slack.正确答案：B查看材料3 4.【阅读理解 Part A What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A.Sales of books by mid-list P
