非谓语动词-动词不定式.ppt

非谓语动词非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式 不定式在句中充当成分1.To see is to believe.2.The old woman hopes to travel to Yangshan.3.The doctor persuaded the patient to give up smoking.4.Tom has much work to do.5.He sat down to have a rest.6.To be honest,I know nothing about it.主语和表语主语和表语宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语状语状语独立成分独立成分作主语作主语To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.Its right to give up smoking.2).当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。3).放弃吸烟是对的。放弃吸烟是对的。不定式短语做主语时，通常放在谓语的后面，用it作形式主语，避免头重脚轻。Eg:Its very important to learn English well.Its our/your duty to keep the classroom clean.Its+adj/n+to do sthIts+adj+for/of sb to do sthEg:Its necessary for you to study hard.()You are necessary to study hard.()Its kind of you to help me.=You are kind to help me.二、不定式作表语二、不定式作表语 a、不定式作表语，(表示主语的内容)如：b、在seem/appear(似乎，好像)，prove/turn out(被证明是)，remain(仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed(to be)very happy.4).My job is _(teach)English.5).Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple,but it remains _(see)whether they will enjoy it.to teach English/teachingto be seen三、不定式作宾语三、不定式作宾语 a 部分及物动词必须用不定式作宾语：决心学会想希望：decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish拒绝设法愿假装：refuse,manage,care,pretend主动答应选计划：offer,promise,choose,plan同意请求帮一帮：agree,ask/beg,help6).She pretended _(not see)me when I passed by.not to see7).Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作.8).他答应不告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。Fred didnt have any money,so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.B 用it作形式宾语（代替不定式）的动词有：Find,make,think,consider,feel,believeEg:She found it difficult to learn physics.The teacher thinks it necessary to say it again.结构为:主语+动词+宾补（n/adj+to do sth）My mother makes it a rule to take a walk every morning.4、介词but/except（除了）后接不定式：have no choice but to do sth.没有别的选择,只好做但当but 前有行为动词do 时，but 后的不定式省to.(9).I had no choice but_(wait)here patiently.(10).Sandy could do nothing but _(admit)to his teacher that he was wrong.to waitadmit (11).Ive work with children before,so I know what _ in my job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expectsBEg:He doesnt know when to start.Lets discuss what to do.how to do it.Can you tell me how to get to the station?5.疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay there.18.她叫我呆在这儿。她叫我呆在这儿。19.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。给你们。Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.四、不定式作宾语补足语四、不定式作宾语补足语1.常见动词有：常见动词有：invite,tell,want,encourage,advise,order,require,force,beg,cause,allow,permit,forbid（禁止）（禁止）,warn（警告）（警告）,remind,teach,call on(号召号召)，depend on(指望指望)，would like/love(想要想要)，prefer,expect,wish,(但但hope 不带复合宾语不带复合宾语)注：注：help sb(to)do sth.Eg:I wish you to enter a key university.2、使役动词、使役动词(三室三室)have,let,make等，其后跟等，其后跟不带不带to的不定的不定式式作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。注意：当这些词用于被动结构时，则要加上不定式符号注意：当这些词用于被动结构时，则要加上不定式符号to。He was often heard to sing foreign songs.人们常听他唱外国歌曲。人们常听他唱外国歌曲。3.（吾看）五个看：see、watch、notice、observe、look at；（二厅）二听：listen to、hear 一感觉：feel 注意：感官动词注意：感官动词sb+do/doing/done (分别表示全过程、分别表示全过程、正在发生、被动完成正在发生、被动完成)eg.1.I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.2.I often hear her sing this song.3.I cant make myself understood.我无法让别人理解我。我无法让别人理解我。12).Though he had often made his little sister _,today he was made _ by his little sisterA.cry,to cry B.crying,crying C.cry,cry D.to cry,cry13).They knew her very well.They had seen her _ up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow14).The school doesnt allow the students _(use)the mobile phone in class.15）.He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _.A.to repair B.repaired C.repairing D.repairBAAto use20）There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to choose.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing 21）There are always people to _ if you feel like a chat.A.talk to B.talk C.speak about D.speak BA五、不定式作定语五、不定式作定语1.常用句型：have/there be/with+宾语+to do 2.不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：ability能力,ambition抱负，effort努力，尝试 need需要，failure失败，不及格 opportunity机会,chance机会 force力，压力，promise许诺，希望,courage勇气,意图 reason理由,decision决定 method方法，方式,determination决心，决定 motive动机，struggle奋斗，努力，wish希望，愿望，祝愿eg.I dont trust his promise to come for a visit.He is looking for a chance to go abroad.His brother expressed his wish to become a doctor.作定语作定语Do you have anything to say?22.你有什么要说的吗你有什么要说的吗?23.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth23.He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.24.They jumped with joy to hear the news.25.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语六、不定式作状语1.不定式作目的、原因、结果状语 a.作目的状语：to do,in order to do,so as to do(不用于句首)b.原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy,sorry,glad,sad,surprised,disappointed.不定式不放在句首。如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.c.结果：常用 only to do来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。另外固定结构：too to do,enough to do,so/such as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。d.在形容词后作状语，只用不定式如：The book is easy to read.(=It is easy to read the book.)七、不定式的独立结构to tell you the truth,To be exactto begin/start with,to be honest,to sum up,to be brief,to be frank,动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1.I opened the door to enter the room.2.Mr.Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.一般式一般式(to do).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。.进行式进行式(to be doing)1.I am very glad to be working with you.2.He is said to be coming.如果谓语表示的动作如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正定式所表示的动作正在进行。在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（完成式（to have done)1.I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2.You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr.Smith.如果谓语表示如果谓语表示的动作发生在的动作发生在不定式之前。不定式之前。动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.主动式主动式(to do/to be doing/to have done)1.We want to learn English well.2.Robert is said_abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.(NMET99)A.to have studied B.to studyC.made D.to make当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时动作的执行者时.动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.被动式被动式(to be done/to have been done)1.He didnt like to be laughed at.2.He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.A.being badly treated B.treating badlyC.to be treated badly D.to have been badly treated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时的动作的承受者时.