高中英语七选五解题技巧课件共36张PPT.ppt

七选五阅读七选五阅读答题指导答题指导高考英语专题复习高考大纲要求试题模式：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过渡性句子（文章结构）注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）题题型解型解读读1.看看标题、副标题标题、副标题预测预测文章文章大意大意2.看看选项选项，找出和文章相对应的，找出和文章相对应的关键词关键词3.通通读读全文全文，查看，查看主题句主题句，分析，分析结构结构4.看空前空后内容，分析之间的看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性逻辑性5.灵活掌握答题灵活掌握答题顺序顺序(先易后难先易后难)6.代入答案，重点代入答案，重点核查核查逻辑关系。逻辑关系。具体解题步骤：具体解题步骤：分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语段层次。句际间意义句间关联词段落 语段篇章结构类题解题技巧通读整篇文章，理清文章结构和中心；根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略。根据空格所在位置确定不同的解题策略根据空格所在位置确定不同的解题策略1)如果如果空格在段首或首段中间或为段落标题空格在段首或首段中间或为段落标题通常是段落主题句通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。2)如果空格在段尾如果空格在段尾通常是通常是结论、概括性语句结论、概括性语句(但大部分还是起到呈上的作用）但大部分还是起到呈上的作用）。注意在注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词。运用运用上下文所上下文所重复的关键词重复的关键词推断推断 利用利用同义词和近义词同义词和近义词关系关系 利用利用词的上下义词的上下义关系关系 利用利用反义词反义词、过渡词过渡词关系关系 理清结构，确定答案，最后再理顺一遍理清结构，确定答案，最后再理顺一遍相邻的两个句子中间必定会有信息的重叠信息的重叠。细节类题型解题技巧细节类题型解题技巧语义链：每一个句子都要包含一些和上下句相似或有关的东西-词汇细节类题型解题技巧1同词复现语言粘连衔接手段：词汇3句子之间的逻辑关系2同范畴词复现4替代复现是指作者在文章上下文不同的位置，对同一个概念进行重复描述复现关系，主要是指原词复复现关系，主要是指原词复现，同义词复现，近义词复现，同义词复现，近义词复现，反义词复现等等现，反义词复现等等Thesechangesinlifestyleleadtonewkindsofsicknesses.72_Sotheyarecalled,diseasesofcivilization.C.Inthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.D.Acientpeoplealsogotlotsofphysicalexercise.E.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.词汇复现（同词复现词汇复现（同词复现)词汇复现（同词复现词汇复现（同词复现)Ihaverecentlygotaseniorpositionwithinmycompany.Oneofmynewtasksistomakemonthlyprogressreportsonmydepartmentinfrontofotherseniorofficials.Duringmyfirstmeeting,Ipresentedandthenopenedthefloortoquestions.66Myfirstreactionwastoanswerdefensively.Later,IrealizedthatIshouldnthavefeltthatway.ButhowcanIkeepcoolandeffectivelyanswerquestionsinthistypeofsettings?B.Restate the question with respect.C.Some ideas can be quite concrete.D.There were many difficult questions.词汇复现（反义词复现）词汇复现（反义词复现）There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town,or changed our jobs or schools.Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71.But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.D.Try not to find fault with your friends.E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.F.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.On the other hand,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world._ Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family,A.The following are its advantages.B.However,there may be a number of disadvantages.C.Consider a distance education.D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.同词复现反义暗示转折关系词汇同现（同一词汇范畴词汇同现（同一词汇范畴词汇同现（同一词汇范畴词汇同现（同一词汇范畴）同范畴词出现，同范畴词是指，跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇，在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的.你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准，一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密Parents should help their children understand money.71 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things,candy or toys,for example.D.Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.E.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.G.The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.词汇同现（同一词汇范畴词汇同现（同一词汇范畴词汇同现（同一词汇范畴词汇同现（同一词汇范畴）4)代词线索法代词线索法英语表达中代词出现英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名无非是指代前面提及的名词或句子，巧妙利用这样词或句子，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。速地解题。代词线索代词线索Try taking these four steps.the next time you are stressed:(1)Get support.When you need help,reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to“trusted adult,such as“parent or other relatives.72 They might have had similar problems,such as dealing with a test,or the death of a beloved pet.D.Ah,it feels so good when the stress is gone.E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And dont forget about your friends.The logical connections逻辑衔接：语段的逻辑关系并列 递进概括 归纳顺序 因果解释 例证转折 对比4）逻辑关系线索法）逻辑关系线索法并列与并列与递进递进关系：关系：firstly,secondly,thirdly,first,then,next,finally,at last,in the end.in the first place,in the second place,for one thing,for another,and,also,notbut,further,moreover,whats more,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,in addition,as well,to make matters worse.等等;因果关系：因果关系：so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result等；等；转转折与折与让让步关系：步关系：however,in fact,as a matter of fact,nevertheless,though,yet,in spite of,on the contrary,(un)fortunately,otherwise,while,rather than,even if,despite,等。等。解释关系解释关系infact,actually,forexample,inotherwords,thatistosay,asamatteroffact逻辑关系线索逻辑关系线索The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.75 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.B.Do things together.C.Do not wait to be spoken to.D.Try not to find fault with your friends.（并列或递进关系）（并列或递进关系）逻辑关系线索逻辑关系线索It is a good thing to stay in touch.However,try not to press your new friend with calls,messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.74 .The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.F.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.G.So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.（因果关系）（因果关系）逻辑关系线索逻辑关系线索Everyone is forgetful,but as we age,we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bitand that can be a very annoying thing.71 Read on for some techniques worth trying.D.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.F.Luckily,research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.G.In other words,when you take care of your body,you take care of your brain.（转折关系）（转折关系）照应照应1语言粘连衔接手段：语法2暗示3替代4连接By 2020,Dr.David Davis believes,car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road,whatever the weather conditions,by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the cars windscreen._Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar(牵牵引杠）引杠）to the car in front to form“roadtrains”.A.Every driver will use less fuel in the car he owns.B.The car will automatically speed up,or slow down,to match the speed of the car in front.C.And it will not be owned by one individual.D.And by 2030,cars will travel in line,linked to each other electronically.句式照应_ It is a very happy day for many boys and girls.Before the terms ends in some schools,the children act a nativity（基督（基督诞诞生）生）or“birth”play,showing how Jesus was born in a stable(马马厩）厩）.A.People are often busy going shoppingB.Now the Chinese people also celebrate Christmas.C.The turkey or chicken is quickly eaten.D.Christmas Day falls on the twentyfifth of December.指示照应近义暗示That happens in the 1980s.And,most recently,she says many kinds of people have joined the movement._ They represent many races,regions and political beliefs.A.They are mainly rich peopleB.Parents choose homeschooling for several reasons.C.Most often,their parents are their teachers.D.She says these include rich people and poor people.句式照应人称照应近义暗示解题技巧解题技巧篇章结构类题解题技巧篇章结构类题解题技巧根据空格所在位置确定不同的解题策略根据空格所在位置确定不同的解题策略1)如果如果空格在段首或为段落标题空格在段首或为段落标题通常是段落主题句通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题了解大意知主题。2)如果空格在段尾如果空格在段尾通常是通常是结论、概括性语句结论、概括性语句。注意在。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词总结等的信号词，如，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语等词语，选项中也选项中也可发现前文的同义词句可发现前文的同义词句。3)如果空格是一整个自然段如果空格是一整个自然段通常是承上启下的句子。通常是承上启下的句子。要特别关注要特别关注前后段的内在联系和逻辑前后段的内在联系和逻辑关系关系。空格为段落标题空格为段落标题空格为段落标题空格为段落标题 73 When a person is asking a question,show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.A.Show your true interest.B.Restate the question with respect.C.Some ideas can be quite concrete.1.看看标题、副标题标题、副标题预测预测文章文章大意大意2.看看选项选项，找出和文章相对应的，找出和文章相对应的关键词关键词3.通通读读全文全文，查看，查看主题句主题句，分析，分析结构结构4.看空前空后内容，分析之间的看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性逻辑性5.灵活掌握答题灵活掌握答题顺序顺序(先易后难先易后难)6.代入答案，重点代入答案，重点核查核查逻辑关系。逻辑关系。解题步骤：解题步骤：Summary(总结总结)七选五阅读理解题的解题技巧七选五阅读理解题的解题技巧:速读全文，关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题速读全文，关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题 浏览选项，理解全篇逻辑关系浏览选项，理解全篇逻辑关系,找出关键词找出关键词 运用上下文所运用上下文所运用上下文所运用上下文所重复的关键词重复的关键词推断推断推断推断 利用同义词利用同义词、近义词近义词、反义词、反义词关系关系 利用同一范畴或领域的词的利用同一范畴或领域的词的关系关系 利用利用代词、冠词的暗示代词、冠词的暗示 理清结构与逻辑关系理清结构与逻辑关系理清结构与逻辑关系理清结构与逻辑关系，确定答案，确定答案，确定答案，确定答案