高中英语句子成分及练习.ppt

句子成分及练习句子成分及练习一、句子成分一、句子成分v（一）句子成分的定义：（一）句子成分的定义：v构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。v句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；v主要成分有主要成分有主语主语和和谓语；谓语；v次要成分有次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和足语、同位语和插入语插入语。二）主语：二）主语：v主语主语(Subject)1.主语主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表主语表明是明是“什么人什么人”，“什么事什么事”.主语可由主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等等7种种表示。例如：表示。例如：1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语（三）谓语 v谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：v1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffattenoclock.（三）谓语（三）谓语 vv2、复合谓语：、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词现在分词,过去分词构过去分词构成。如：成。如：DoyouspeakEnglish？Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。（四）表语（四）表语 v表语表语(Predicative)v用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后。v表语一般由表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、名词、代词、形容词、数词、副副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句等语从句等10种情况表示。例如：种情况表示。例如：1.OurEnglishteacherisanAmerican.（名词）（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwenty one?（数词）（数词）6.Hisjobisto teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplaying football.（动名词）（动名词）8.Themeetingisof great importance.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）（副词）10.Thetruthisthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，例如：例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：例如：Healwayskept silentatmeeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：Heseems(tobe)verysad.注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look例如：例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come.例如：例如：Ourcountryisbecomingricherandricher.6）结果是结果是;证明是证明是prove,turnout,例如：例如：Therumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.（五）宾语（五）宾语v宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）v宾语种类宾语种类：v（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：直接宾语），例如：Lendme your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：等，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:make,buy,sing,cook等，例如：等，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.v（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：宾补），例如：vTheyelectedhim their monitor.（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语 v宾语补足语（宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。等。“宾补宾补”一般可一般可由名由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语词短语充当。例如：充当。例如：1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（七）定语（七）定语 v修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。v定语可由以下等成分表示：定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisa beautiful city.（形容词）（形容词）2.Chinaisadeveloping country;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）（分词）3.Therearethirty womenteachersinourschool.（名词）（名词）4.His rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）（代词）5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）（动名词）7.Heisreadinganarticleabout how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8.Sheisthegirlwho sings best in my class.(定语从句定语从句)（八）状语（八）状语 v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）4.Hesatintheroom,makingamodelplane.5.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（状语从句）9种状语种类如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainat six?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecause of the rain.3.Ishallgothereif it doesnt rain.4.MrSmithliveson the third floor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwith great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）vShecameinwith a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,Imustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthat he fell asleep immediately.8.Sheworksveryhardthough she is old.9.Iamtallerthan he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）（九）同位语（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词名词、数词、代词数词、代词或或从句从句担任，如：担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,our headmaster.（十）插入语（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有做一些附加的解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe-)等，如：等，如：To be frank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.v一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：v1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.v2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.v3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.v4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!v5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.v6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.v7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.v8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.v9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.v10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.v11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.v12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.v13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.v14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?v15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.v16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?v17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.v18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.v19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.v20.Theapplestastedsweet.v一、一、1、主语，定语；、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；、间接宾语；3、谓语，、谓语，状语；状语；4、定语；、定语；5、状语，状语；、状语，状语；6、定语，表、定语，表语；语；7、宾语，状语；、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；、谓语，主语；9、谓语；、谓语；10、主语，表语；、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；、谓语，宾语；12、状语；、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；、插入语，状语；16、宾语、宾语(间宾间宾+直宾直宾)；17、状语，状语；状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；宾补；20、表语、表语 句子成分句子成分练习题练习题(二二)指出下列句子中划指出下列句子中划线线部分的句子成分：部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather.2.Peoples standards of living are going up steadily.3.That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children.5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow.6.We are sure that we shall succeed.7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other.8.There are many films that Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?10.I have a lot of work to do.11.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it.12.She was the first to learn about it.13.How many new words did you learn last class?14.Seeing this,some comrades became very worried.15.Much interested,he agreed to give it a try.16.The old man was feeling very tired17.We should serve the people heart and soul.18.You will find it useful after you leave school.19.Spring coming on,the tree turned green.20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky 21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.22.Its strange that she doesnt come today.23.It was in the library that I found him today.24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working.25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.答案答案1.主语从句主语从句2谓语谓语3表语从句表语从句4宾语宾语5.间宾间宾6.宾语从句宾语从句7.定语定语8.定语从句定语从句9.定语定语10.定语定语11.状语状语12.定语定语13.宾语宾语14.状语状语15.状语状语16.表语表语17.状语状语18.宾补宾补19.状语状语20.定语定语21.宾语从句宾语从句22.主语从句主语从句23.状语状语24.状语状语25.状语状语四、选择填空：v()1._willleaveforBeijing.vA.NowtherethemanvB.ThemanherenowvC.ThemanwhoisherenowvD.Themanisherenowv()2.Theweather_.vA.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldvC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcoldv()3.Theappletasted_.vA.sweetsB.sweetlyvC.nicelyD.sweetv()4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.vA.latelyB.latevC.latestD.latterv()5.Theactor_attheageof70.vA.deadB.diedvC.dyedD.dyingv()6._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.vA.We,usB.Us,wevC.We,ourD.We,wev()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch_.vA.crowdB.crowdingvC.crowdedD.crowdedlyv()8.Ithink_necessarytolearnEnglishwell.vA.its B.itvC.thatD.thatisv()9.Thedog_mad.vA.looksB.islookedvC.isbeinglookedD.waslookedv()10.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.vA.thatB.whenvC.inwhichD.where一一分析下列句子成分分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity7.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.8.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Dontgetnervous.HelpyourselftowhatyoulikeKEYS分析下列句子成分分析下列句子成分1.主主语语系系动词动词表表语语2.主主语语系系动词动词表表语语3.主主语语动词动词宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足足语语4.主主语语双双宾动词宾动词间间接接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语5.主主语语及物及物动词动词宾语宾语6.主主语语动词动词形式形式宾语宾语it宾语补宾语补足足语语+宾语宾语7.主主语语不及物不及物动词动词8.主主语语系系动词动词表表语语9.主主语语动词动词宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足足语语10.主主语语双双宾动词宾动词间间接接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语11.主主语语双双宾动词宾动词间间接接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语12主主语语及物及物动词动词宾语宾语13.主主语语及物及物动词动词宾语宾语14.主主语语动词动词宾语宾语宾语补宾语补足足语语15.主主语语系系动词动词表表语语