四六级翻译常考语法点Transla.ppt
CET-6 Translationv一、倍数增减的表示法1)Force N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍).v1)is 2.5 times greater than Force N2(考点:倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than)v2)This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).v2)reacts three times as fast as the other one(考点:倍数+as+形容词/副词+as)v3)The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).vis 49 times the size of the moon(考点:倍数+名词)v4)The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一).vwants to raise the rent by a third(考点:动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数)v5)They _(计划将投资增加一倍).vplan to double their investment(考点:double+名词)v二、时态 1)Be quick,_(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).v1)or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church(考点:将来完成时)v2)When she got home,_(孩子们已经睡着了).v the children had fallen asleep(考点:过去完成时)v3)When I prepare for the college entrance examination,_(我姐姐将在海边度假).vmy sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside(考点:将来进行时)v4)I_(一上午都在修改我的简历).vhave been revising my resume all the morning(考点:现在完成进行时)v5)Do you often go on holiday?_(不,我已经有五年没有度假了).vNo.It has been five years since I went on holiday(考点:It has been since sb.did sth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了)v6)He joined the army in October,2001._(他参军已五年了).vHe has been in the army for 5 years(考点:1.现在完成时;2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间)v三、被动语态1)The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).vis being replaced by the computer and the projector(考点:被动语态的现在进行时)v2)The book _(到今年年底就将已出版).vwill have been published by the end of this year(考点:被动语态的将来完成时)v3)Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).v can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work(考点:1.被动语态与情态动词联用;2.汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态)v4)When the bill of fare was brought,_(我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预料).vI was startled,for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated(考点:同“3”的考点2)v5)_(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.vEffective measures must be taken immediately(考点:汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)v四、情态动词1)The phone is ringing,_(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).vbut there is no answer.She cant be at home(考点:情态动词可以表示可能性,cant 表示“一定不”)v2)I cant find my sunglasses._(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).vI may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday(考点:“情态动词can/could,may/might,must+完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断)v3)You screamed in your sleep last night._(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).vYou must have dreamed of something terrible(考点:同上)v4)Its a pity._(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).vYou should have invited her to your graduation ceremony(考点:“情态动词should/ought to+have done”用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作,含有批评的意思)v5)_(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的);most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.vI neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party(考点:“情态动词neednt+have+done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论,认为“无须发生”,“不必做”)v五、虚拟语气1)I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).vI had had your opportunities when I was young(考点:I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望)v2)If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)!Then he would not have killed himself.vhe had known this disease is curable(考点:If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”,用法与 I wish基本相同)v3)Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的,而且不带任何装饰).vpainted it blue,and without any decorations(考点:would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实)v4)Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).vmeasures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams(考点:Its(about/high)time 后的that从句中用过去式,表示“该是的时候了”)v5)Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).vas though he were delivering a speech at an assembly(考点:as if/as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑)v6)We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院).vJack(should)be sent to hospital right now(考点:表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)v7)It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).more mobile shops(should)vbe set up in the residential area(考点:表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)v8)His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).vthey(should)set up a special board/committee to examine this problem(考点:表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)v9)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试).vthe mid-term exams(should)be canceled(考点:表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)v表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有:advise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(indication),insist(insistence),order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate(stipulation),suggest(suggestion),urge,vote;常见的这类动词还有:allow,arrange,ask,beg,concede,demonstrate,ensure,intend,move,pledge,pray等 v10)It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).vwe(should)be short of water in a country where it is always raining(考点:在It is/was+形容词后的that从句中常用“sb.should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。v这类形容词常见的有:advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing等 v11)It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).veveryone(should)be prepared for emergency(考点:同上)v12)_(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票),we would have had quite a comfortable journey.vIf he had booked tickets in the way I told him(考点:在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反)v13)I was to have made a speech _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).vif I had not been interrupted(考点:同上)v14)It didnt rain last night._(要是下了,地就会湿的).vIf it had rained,the ground would be wet(考点:在非真实条件句中,当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时,就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式)v15)_(如果我一直住在纽约),I would know the U.S.well now.vIf I had been living in New York(考点:同上)v16)If the doctor had not come in time,_(他现在就不在人间了).vhe would be dead now(考点:同上)v17)But for his help,_(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).vwe could not have rent a house at such a low price(考点:but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语)v18)I used my calculator;_(否则,我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).votherwise,it would have taken me more time to work out this question(考点:otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语)v19)Were I in your place,_(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).vI would seize the opportunity without hesitation(考点:在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词,可以省去if,采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件)v20)Had it not been for their opposition,_(这项法案早就通过了).vthis act would have been passed much earlier(考点:同上)v21)Should there be another world war,_(人类的继续存在就会有危险).vthe continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy(考点:同上)v22)He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).vlest he should awaken the baby(考点:lest(以免)引导的从句通常用sb.should do的形式表示虚拟)v六、不定式1)It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).vto complete a 24-story building in 10 months(考点:不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式,而将不定式移到谓语后面)v2)It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).vfor us to have a good nights sleep before the test(考点:有时用“介词for+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:necessary,important,possible,impossible,all right,essential等)v3)It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).vof you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area(考点:有时用“介词of+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,cowardly,cruel,foolish,generous,good,honest,kind,nice,polite,rude,selfish,silly,stupid,thoughtful,thoughtless,wicked,wise,wrong等)v4)The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).vnot to punish those students who had been late for classv(考点:1.用不定式结构作decide的宾语;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not)(能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,claim,consent,decide,demand,desire,dislike,endeavor,expect,fail,fear,forget,happen,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,pledge,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,resolve,start,threaten,undertake,venture,volunteer,vow,want,wish)v5)Mr.Green was wondering _(是否去看望在法国的儿子).v whether to visit their son in France(考点:“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,understand,wonder等)6)The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).vwarned me just now not to water flowers at noon(考点:不定式作宾语补语)v7)We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).vinvited him to give us a lecture on modern art(考点:同上)(能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,command,compel,enable,determine,encourage,expect,feel,find,force,get,hate,have,hear,help,inform invite,let,like,make,mean,need,notice,notify,oblige,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,see,send,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,urge,want,warn,watch,wish等。注:划线的动词后面的不定式不带to)v8)He feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).vto be the chairman of students union in so large a university(考点:动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式。it是形式宾语,不定式是真正宾语)v9)We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).vto apply what we have learned in class to practice(考点:不定式作定语)(不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语:ability,ambition,anything,attempt,capability,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something,tendency,time,way,wish等)v10)The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).v ruined our plan to show the film in the open air(考点:同上)v11)The environmentalists are against _(在郊区建一座核电站的决定).vthe decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs(考点:同上)v12)Sally Ride was the first _(探索外部空间的美国妇女).vAmerican woman to explore the outer space(考点:由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语)v13)They lifted a rock _(结果砸了自己的脚).v only to drop it on their own feet(考点:不定式作结果状语)v14)He was surprised _(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).v to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village(考点:不定式作原因状语)v15)I am sorry _(占用了您这么多时间).vto have taken up so much of your time(考点:1.不定式作原因状语;2.不定式的完成时)v16)I happened _(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).v to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in(考点:不定式的进行式)v17)She doesnt like _(被当作客人).vto be treated as a guest(考点:不定式的被动形式)v18)If you want to save money,youd better _(到校园书店买旧书).vgo to the campus bookstore to buy used books(考点:不带to的不定式)v19)We did nothing _(除了整天打桥牌).vbut play bridge the whole day(考点:同上)v20)We were made _(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).v to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room(考点:当动词see,make,hear等用于被动语态时,不定式要保留to)v七、分词1)This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).v“Happy birthday to you”sung in Italian(考点:分词作宾语补语)(catch,discover,feel,find,get,have,hear,keep,leave,make,notice,see,watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语)v2)The cars _(停在消防通道的)will be ticketed.v parked in the fire lane(考点:分词作定语)v3)The war went on for years,_(夺去了成千上万人的生命).vkilling thousands upon thousands of people(考点:分词作结果状语)v4)The farmers used a new insecticide,thus _(将平均产量提高了15%).raising the average yield by 15 percent(考点:同上)5)Einstein watched the toy in delight,_(想推导出它的运转原理).trying to deduce its operating principle(考点:分词作伴随状语)6)_(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书),we stopped talking and began to study.Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book(考点:分词作原因状语)v7)_(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了),they decided to pay for his education.vDeeply moved by the boys deeds(考点:同上)v8)_(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看),Einstein was a simple,modest and ordinary man.vSeen from the eyes of a young friend(考点:分词作方式状语)v9)_(好久没有收到父母的来信了),he was worried about them.vNot having heard from his parents for a long time(考点:1.分词作原因状语;2.分词的否定形式;3.现在分词的完成式)v八、动名词1)_(每天洗冷水澡)does him a lot of good.vTaking a cold bath every day(考点:动名词作主语)v2)They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).v making their daughter do what she didnt like to do(考点:动名词作动词的宾语)v(下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式:admit,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,dislike,dread,encourage,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,cant help,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,prevent,propose,recall,recollect,resent,resist,risk,cant stand,stop,suggest)v3)Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场).vgetting our goods into the international market(考点:动名词作介词的宾语)v 4)It is no use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).vcrying over spilled milk v(考点:动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用:be worth,have difficulty(in),it be no good/use/worthwhile,there be no need/no point in,how/what about,whats the point of,whats the use of)v5)He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷).vhaving peeked at his neighbors test paper(考点:动名词的完成式)v6)We congratulated her on _(被提升为经理).vbeing promoted to manager(考点:动名词的被动式)v九、非谓语动词用法区别1)Success means _(非常努力地工作).v working very hard.(考点:mean表示“意味着”)v2)John meant _(开车去那儿,但他的车出了故障).v to drive there,but his car broke down(考点:mean表示“打算”)(类似需要区别的动词还有forget,remember,regret,go on,stop等)v3)I heard him _(在跟他的母亲谈话).vtalking to his mother(考点:强调正在进行)v4)I heard him _(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).v talk to his mother for an hour(考点:强调整个过程)v5)He jumped into the pool to save the child _(结果却摔断了自己的腿).vonly to break his own leg(考点:意料之外的结果)v6)He jumped from the burning house,_(摔断了双腿).vbreaking his legs(考点:意料之中的结果)v7)He was happy _(看到父母很健康).vto see his parents in good health(考点:不定式作原因状语位于句末)v8)_(看到父母安然无恙),he issued a sigh of relief.v Seeing his parents safe and sound(考点:分词作原因状语位于句首)v9)_(跟随着它的脚印),the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.v Following its footprints(考点:现在分词强调主动)v10)The pop,_(后面跟着两个保镖),came to meet his fans.vfollowed by two body guards(考点:过去分词强调被动)v十、名词从句1)_(他们为什么离开家乡去云南)is still a secret.vWhy they left their hometown for Yunnan(考点:主语从句)v2)_(最让我不解的)was that he spoke English so well.v What confused me most(考点:同上)v3)_(这么做是故意的)became obvious.vThat this was done on purpose(考点:同上)v4)It is not clear yet _(谁应该为这件事负责).vwho should be responsible for this matter(考点:较长的主语从句可以后置,用it作形式主语)v5)It is none of your business _(玛丽与谁订婚).vwhom Mary is engaged to(考点:同上)v6)Dont put off till tomorrow _(今天能做的事).vwhat can be done today(考点:宾语从句)v7)This novel is just _(我一直在寻找的).v what I have been looking for(考点:表语从句)v8)It is not yet known _(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).vwhether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision(考点:whether/if引导后置的主语从句)v9)_(她是否喜欢那个礼物)is not clear to me.vWhether she likes the present(考点:whether引导前置的主语从句)v10)My main problem right now is _(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).vwhether I should ask for another loan(考点:whether引导表语从句)v11)It all depends on _(他们是否会支持我们).v whether they will support us(考点:whether引导宾语从句)v12)You have yet to answer my question _(我是否可以指望你的投票).v whether I can count on your vote(考点:whether引导同位语从句)v(9-12中的whether不可以替换为if)v13)Finally,the workers got an answer _(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).v that the government could do nothing to raise their wages(考点:同位语从句)v14)Obviously,there was little certainty _(主席会同意他的提议).v that the chairman would agree to this proposal(考点:同上)v十一、定语从句1)Everyday many tourists come to visit _(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).vthe house where Lu Xun was born(考点:先行词为地点,定语从句通常由where引导)v2)The old lady died _(在她儿子到达的那天).v on the day when his son arrived(考点:先行词为时间,定语从句通常由when引导)v3)This is _(我赞成这一改革的理由).vthe reason why I am in favor of this reform(考点:先行词为reason,定语从句通常由why引导)v4)Let ABC be _(一个三边不等长的三角形).v a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length(考点:whose引导的定语从句)v5)Some of the roads were flooded,_(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).vwhich made our journey more difficult(考点:非限制性定语从句)v6)He introduced me to his students,_(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).vmost of whom were English majors(考点:同上)v7)_(众所周知),water is a liquid.vAs is known to all(考点:as 引导的定语从句)v十二、状语从句1)_(不管我们谈论什么),Jim brings polities into the discussion.vWhatever we talk about(考点:让步状语从句)v2)_(不管哪一方获胜),I shall be satisfied.vWhichever side wins(考点:同上)v3)_(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他),the comedian always had a quick,sharp reply.v However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him(考点:同上)v4)We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).v so that we might get a better view(考点:目的状语从句)v5)The problem so very complicated _(花了我们两个周才解决).vthat it took us nearly two weeks to solve it(考点:结果状语从句)v6)You can go out _(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).v as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night(考点:条件状语从句)v7)I remember the whole thing _(仿佛是昨天发生的).vas if it happened yesterday(考点:方式状语从句)v十三、比较级最高级1)Does she dance _(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?v as gracefully as her sister(考点:同级比较)v2)The buildings look _(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).vfa