高中英语语法介词知识点大汇总（直接打印每生一份熟记）.doc
高中英语语法介词知识点大汇总一、 介词的分类分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。合成介词由两个介词构成的合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就而论), including，regarding，concerning等。兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。二、 介词短语的语法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能例 句作定语They didnt find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作宾语补足语I found the old building in a bad condition.三.、表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念介词（短语）区 别例 子时间inonatat在一个时间点上；in在一段时间之内；on在具体某一天或具体的上午、下午、晚上。at 8 o'clock, at noonin the 1990s, in Januaryon Monday, on a warm morningsincefromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；from指从时间的某一点开始。We have not seen each other since 1995.I hope to do morning exercises from today.in,afterin指在一段时间之后，用于一般将来时，也可以指一段时间之内=within；after表示某一具体时间点之后，用于一般过去时。Well be back in three days.After seven the rain began to fall.in the endat the end ofby the end ofin the end作“最后”、“终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。In the end they reached a place of safety.At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.位置betweenamong一般说来，between表示两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上之间。You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，要用between。Agreements were made between the different countries.The little valley lies between high mountains.They dont know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.inontoin表示在某范围内；on指与什么毗邻；to指在某范围之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.oninon只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。There is a book on the piece of paper. There is an interesting article in thenewspaper. He dug a hole in the wall.inintoin通常表示位置（静态）；into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。We walked in the park.We walked into the park.throughacrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。Water flows through the pipe.The old man walked across the street.in the corneron the cornerat the cornerin the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。The lamp stands in the corner of the room.I met with him at the street corner.He sat on the corner of the table.除了besidesexceptbutexcept forbesides指“除了还有；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似，表示“除了.外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“除.外，撇开”。All went out except me.I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 动作at+名词at dinner/table 在吃饭 at work 在工作 at war 交战at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at play 在玩耍at rest 在休息 at school 在上学at press 正在排印at church 在做礼拜beyond+名词beyond belief 难以置信 beyond control 无法控制beyond compare 无可比拟beyond description难以形容beyond expression无法表达 beyond suspicion 无可怀疑in+名词或in+名词+of+名词in the army 在当兵 in need of 需要 in action 在运转in progress 在进行 in operation 在运行中 in use 开始使用in sight 看得见 in store 贮藏着in course of construction正在兴建当中 in (good) repair 维修良好的in course of shipment 定的货正在运输途中in charge of 负责in the charge of 由负责 in possession of拥有 in the possession of 被拥有on+名词on business 办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假on watch 值班 on duty 值勤/日on guard 在值勤 on strike 在罢工on sale 出售 on loan 借贷on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开 on the march 在行军on the air 在广播on fire 在燃烧on trial在试用 on show/display/exhibition 在展出under+名词under control 在被控制之中 under discussion 在被讨论中under development 在被发展中 under observation 在被观察中under test 在被测试 under construction 在被建设中under fire 在炮火中 under examination 在被检查/调查中under consideration 在被考虑中 under repair 在被修理中under arrest 被被逮捕中 under attack 在被袭击中under medical treatment 在被治疗中 under study 在被研究中 其他against ones opinion 反对某人的见解for ones opinion 同意某人的见解above reproach 无可指责，无可非议 above suspicion 不受怀疑above criticism 无可指责at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布for sale 供出售 for rent 供出租 within sight 看得见4
