全新版大学英语第三册-U.ppt

Unit FourThe Water PlaceIssac Asimov Issac Asimov(1920-1992)，a Russian-born American writer of science fiction，was born in Petrovichi,Russia.Petrovichi is very proud of their native son and have honored the place of his birth with a memorial stone.Issac Asimov By March 18,1941,Issac Asimov had written thiry-one stories,sold seventeen,and fourteen had been published.At that time,he considered himself nothing more than a third-rate writer.Issac Asimov That evening,he sat down to write his thirty-second story,based on an idea suggested by Astounding editor John W.Campbell the day before.Two days later,he received a letter from Campbell,and the history of science fiction was changed forever.Issac Asimov Among his best-known science fictions:I,Robert(1950);the Foundation Trilogy(1951-1953).Issac AsimovBackground InformationThe Solar SystemExtraterrestrial lifeThe U.S.Supreme Court CongressIncometaxUS Federal Government&UFOUFOExtraterrestrial lifeIt refers to life-forms that may have evolved on other planets.There is no hard evidence at present that life exists other than on the Earth.Most UFOs have been satisfactorily explained as being natural or man-made,and the Viking missions to Mars were inconclusive in testing for the existence of life on that planet.Nevertheless,searches have been and are being made for signs that life has arisen in other parts of the universe.Certain knowledge either that life is confined to planet Earth or has been found elsewhere would have the profoundest philosophical implications for mankind.Extraterrestrial lifeUFO(Unidentified Flying Objects)The Solar System The inner solar system:the Sun(太阳);Mercury(水星);Venus(金星);Earth(地球);Mars(火星).The main asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.The outer solar system:Jupiter(木星);Saturn(土星);Uranus(天王星);Neptune(海王星).Pluto(冥王星)is now classified as a dwarf planet.The Solar System TheVenusappearinskyinmorningandduskseparately,ancienttodivinebyastrologyhousethoughtthereexistedtwosuchplanets.Theycallthem“starsatdawn”and“eveningstars”separately.InEnglish,theVenusisgoddessofancientRome,liketheloveofsolicitingandbeautiful.Andallthetime,theVenushasallbeenshroudedinthemysteriousveilbythecurlycloud.Knownforitsbeautyinthesky,VenusisthesecondplanetfromtheSunandsimilarinsizetoEarth.However,itsimmensesurfaceheatandpressuremaketheplanetcompletelyuninhabitable.Ithasathick,poisonousatmosphereofcarbondioxideandsulfuricacid.Thickcloudshideasurfacecoveredwithlavaflows,quakefaultsandimpactcraters.Venice is a city in northern Italy,the capital of the region Veneto,a population of 271,367.Together with Padua,the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area(population 1,600,000).The city historically was an independent nation.Venice has been known as the City of Water,City of Bridges,and The City of Light.It is often cited as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.US Federal GovernmentThe US federal government is divided into threeseparate,but equally powerful branches:thelegislative(which writes the laws);the executive(which carries out the laws);and the judicial(which reviews the way laws are applied).Theseparationofpowersalsoallowsforasystemofchecksandbalanceswithinthegovernment.Eachbranchisgivencertaincontrolovertheothertwo,whichbalancesthepowerandkeepsthepotentialforabuseofpowerincheck.ThejudicialbranchisoneofthethreebranchesofUSfederalgovernmentandoperatesthesystemoflawcourts.TheSupremeCourtinWashington,D.C.isthehighestcourtintheUS,andisverypowerful.Ithasninejudges,calledjustices.Traditionally,theyarecalledthe nine old men,althoughtherehasbeenonewomanjustice.TheheadofthecourthasthetitleofChief Justice of the United States.JusticesareappointedbebythePresident,althoughtheSenatemustgiveitsapprovaltothechoice.TherehasbeenonlyoneAfrican-Americanjustice.The U.S.Supreme Court Congress Congress is the law-making body in the US.Congress has two houses,the Senate(参议院)and the House of Representatives(众议院).The main job of Congress is making laws.Before a new law can become effective,both houses have to pass it,and it must then have the approval of the President.In a system of government based on a series of checks and balances,the two houses of Congress act as a check on each other,as well as together forming a check on the powers of the executive branch,especially the President.Itisataxpaidaccordingtoapersonslevelofincome,withpeopleonhigherincomespayinghigherratesoftax.Itisusedbythegovernmenttohelppayforthingslikehealthcareandeducation.ItiscollectedinBritainbytheInlandRevenueandintheUSbytheInternalRevenueService.Income taxPreparation 1.DoyoubelieveE.T./UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)?2.Ifitstrue,whatdoyouwantifyoumetsomeofit?Text Organization Part One(Paras 1-3)The narrator claims that no extraterrestrials will ever land on earth.Text Organization Part Two(Paras 4-48)The narrator gives an account of his encounter with extraterrestrials,making it clear why he claims that they will return no more.Text Organization Section One(Paras 4-5)(before the E.T.s arrival)Bart got quite irritable because of his complicated tax form.Text Organization Section Two(Paras 6-11)(the landing of the flying saucer)The narrator was shocked at the sight of a flying saucer landing on Earth and two men getting out of it,while Bart didnt notice it at all.Text Organization Section Three(Paras 12-34)(the meeting with the E.T.)Unaware of the guests identity and caught up with his tax form,Bart talked to the guests with an impatient and sarcastic tone and turned down their request rudely.Their conversation ended with the guests promise of not coming back.Text Organization Section Four(Paras 35-48)(after the E.T.s departure)After the E.T.left,the narrator got mad at Bart because of his irrational attitude to the guests.Bart didnt realize his stupid error until it was too late.WORDS 1.watery:a.(1)oforlikewater;containingalotofwaterbad;(2)weakand/orpaleeg:Hiswatery,crossedeyesrolledinexaltation.他得意洋洋地转动着水汪汪的斗鸡眼。gotoawaterygrave 淹死，溺死Hiseyeswereawateryblue.他的眼睛是淡蓝色的。2.extraterrestrial:n./a.Eg:Thereisabranchofbiologythatdealswiththesearchforextraterrestriallifeandtheeffectsofextraterrestrialsurroundingsonlivingorganisms.Cf:terrestrial:a.地球的；陆地的 celestial:a.天空的 ecclesiasticaliklizistikla.教会的，牧师的，神职的 3.Pessimist:n.apersonwhoalwaysthinksthatwhatisgoingtohappenwillbebad pessimistoptimistpessimismoptimismpessimisticoptimistic bepessimistic/optimisticabout 4.on account of:becauseofeg:Thishouseisntreallysuitableforanoldpersononaccountofallthosestairs.account:n story,description by/from all accounts(accordingtowhateveryonesays)consideration,thoughteg:Youmusttake into accounttheboyslongillness.asumofmoneykeptinabankwhichmaybeaddedtoandtakenfromeg:Myaccountisempty,Ihavenomoneyinit.on no account:notforanyreasoneg:Onnoaccountmustyougothere.5.deputy,vice 与 associate 的区别 三者都有副职的意思。但是副职有很多种。“deputy”用于一般副职，如主任，处长，科长。副主任：deputydirector副处长：deputydivisionchief副科长：deputysectionchief“vice”用于较高层次的副职，如总理，主席。副部长：viceminister副市长：vicemayor副省长：viceprovincialgovernor副总理：vicepremier副主席：vicechairman deputy 也有正职的 助手 的意思,还有正职不在时,由它 代理 代表 的意思.associate 用作 副 时一般用于职称。副教授=AssociateProfessor副研究员=AssociateResearchFellow副主编=AssociateEditor-in-Chief副编审=AssociateSeniorEditor副研究馆员=AssociateResearchFellow副译审=AssociateSeniorTranslator副主任医师=AssociateSeniorDoctor 6.work up:spendtimeandeffortpreparing;produceordevelopgraduallyEg:Theheadofthedepartmentaskedmetoworkupsomesamplecompositionsandgivethemtothestudents.Letsgoforawalktoworkupanappetite(=tomakeourselveshungry)Iveworkedupquiteathirstplayingtennis.ImafraidIcantworkupmuchenthusiasmforthisscheme.6.几个关于“残废”的单词 Handicap:n.残废；v.妨碍 Cripple：n.跛子;残废的人;v.使跛,削弱,使成残废 Limp:n.跛行v.跛行;adj.柔软的,软弱的,无力的 Disable:v.使失去能力;使无资格;使伤残 5.patient:adjhavingorshowingtheabilitytobearlongwaiting,oranythingunpleasant,calmlyandwithoutcomplaining bepatientwithsb./ofsth.napersonreceivingmedicaltreatmentfromadoctorand/orinahospitaleg:我家里有个病人。patience:nbeimpatientfor/todo/ofeg:Imimpatientofthesight.forthesight.ofseeinghim.toseehim.patientImpatient:adjInpatient:n(outpatient)4.approachable:friendlyandeasytotalkto(unapproachable)eg:Youwillfindheisaveryapproachableperson.approach:v tocomenearornearertoeg:Thetimeisapproachingwhenwemustleave.about tospeaktoinordertomakeanofferorrequestforthefirsttimeeg:Didheapproachyouaboutlendinghimsomemoney?tobegintoconsiderordealwitheg:Thereareseveralwaysofapproachingthisproblem.n U theactofapproachingeg:Theapproachofwinterbringscoldweather.at the approach of C ameansorwayofentering,amannerormethodofdoingsth.approach to 5.exhaust:v totireouteg:Whatanexhaustingday!touseupordealwithcompletelyeg:Ithinkweveexhaustedthissubject;Letsgoontothenext.n thepipewhichallowsunwantedgas,steam,etc.,toescapefromanengineormachine thegasorsteamwhichescapesthroughthispipeexhaustion:nthestateofbeingverytiredexhaustive:adjthorougheg:Themenmadeanexhaustivesearchoftheforest,butcouldntfindthemissingchildren.6.bug:n anysmallinsect,creepingorflying asmalllivingthingcausingdiseaseeg:Imnotfeelingwell;Imusthavemustpickedupabugsomewhere.anapparatusforlisteningsecretlytootherpeoplesconversationseg:Thepolicetestedtheroomforbugs.aneagerbutsometimesfoolishornotlastinginterestinsthv toannoy(someone)continually tofitwithasecretlisteningapparatuseg:Thepolicehavebuggedmyoffice.7.observation:n actionofnoticing abilitytonoticethingseg:Hispowersofobservationarepoor.aremark make a observationunderobservation(beingcarefullywatchedduringsomeperiodoftime)eg:Sheisinhospitalunderobservation.observe:v watchcarefully toactinaccordancewith(laworcustom(esp.religious)eg:Thegovernmentobservesapeacefulforeignpolicy.observe sb.do/doing sth.observant:adjquickatnoticingthings(unobservant)8.adopt:v totakeanduseanothersideaorcustomforonesownuseeg:Weadoptedthenewmethodofmakingwine.chooseandtakeachildofotherparentsandbringupasonesown toapproveformally;accepteg:Thecommitteeadoptedhissuggestions.adoption:ntheactofadoptingeg:Ifyoucannothavechildrenofyourown,whynotconsideradoption?adoptive:adjhavingadopted(esp.achild)eg:heradoptiveparents 9.assume:v that totakeasafactorastruewithoutproof;supposeeg:Ifhesnothereinfiveminutes,wellassumeheisntcoming.Assumingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?cf:presumeeg:Sheassumedyouhadlearnedit,butIpresumedyouhadntasyoudidntmentionitatalllasttime.tobegintouseorperform(sometimeswithouttheright)eg:Thearmyassumedcontrolofthegovernment.topretendtohaveorbe 10.nationality:membershipofanationbyapersoneg:ShelivesinFrancebuthasBritishnationality.我们的国籍是中国./汉语是汉族的语言.TheChinesenationincludestheHannationalityandallminoritynationalities.11.desirable:worthhaving,doing,ordesiringeg:Successisdesirabletome.ItsdesirablethatIsucceed.Cf:desirous:+that/of feelingorhavingadesireeg:Imdesirousofsuccess.ImdesirousthatIsucceed.12.动词不定式的被动结构 它可以作动词的宾语,该结构有自己的逻辑主语,形成一定的主谓关系.这种逻辑主语通常也就是其所在的主句的主语,不必表示出来.eg:Hehopedtobeinvited.=Hehopedthathewouldbeinvited.如表示动作发生再谓语动词之前,要用动词不定式被动结构的完成式“tohavebeendone”eg:Heisbelievedtohavecomeback.Heissaidtohavebeenkilledonthewayhome.动词不定式(包括不定式的被动语态)还可以起连接作用,如它可以用在only 后面表示一个令人失望的结局eg:Herantotherailwaystationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadalreadyleft.13.fade:to(causeto)losestrength,color,freshness,etceg:Thecolorinthismaterialwillneverfade.disappeareg:Thesoundofthunderfaded(away)intothedistance.cf:vanish,disappearTheEnd