2022年高考英语真题完全解读（新高考I卷）（真题解读）.pdf

绝密启用前试卷类型：A2022年高考英语真题深度解读（新高考全国卷I）奥趣趣馔本试卷共10页，满 分 120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前.,考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用 2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第 二 部 分 阅 读（共两节，满分50分）第 一 节（共 15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37 5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGrading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D：Below 60,E.Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1 =10%;Essay2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course.All the assignments will besubmitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or testsdrawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class*lecture/discussion,so it is important to takecareful notes during class.Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or shortassignments to be completed at home,both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it is notturned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not completed during class will get azero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.21.Where is this text probably taken from?A.A textbook.B.An exam paper.C.A course plan.D.An academic article.22.How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A.You will receive a zero.B.You will lose a letter grade.C.You will be given a test.D.You will have to rewrite it.语篇解读主旨概要本文是一篇应用文。介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。语言知识词汇默写1 .policy 2.introduction 3.literature4.scale 5.essay bine7.assignment 8.submit 9.vary10.additionally 11.excuse 12.absence词汇答案1 .policy几政策；方针2.in troduction九介绍；引进；序言；导论3.lit erature.文学；文献；口力1刷品4.sca le.刻度；等级，规模；音阶；量程；天秤，磅秤；鳞片，鳞 状 物 艮攀登；按比例决定；称重；刮鳞；剥落5.e ssa y 几论文；短评；散文；试图vt.尝试bine v.联合；使结合；结合九集团；联合收割机；联合企业7.assignment九分配；任务；功课；委派；被指定的（课外）作业;（分派的）任务8.su b m its便服从；使屈服；提交；递交；认 为 vi.屈从9.vary v.改变；变化；使多样化10.additionally 另外；同时；此外11.excuse 原谅；辩 解 n.理由；辩解；借口12.absence n.缺席；缺乏重点短语1.from time to time 不时地;偶尔2.on the due date 在至U 期日3.tum in 上交4.as a result of（作）为的结果长难句分析Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-classwritings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous classlecture/discussion,so it is important to take careful notes during class.句意为：课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成课堂短文写作或测试，这些测试直接从指定阅读材料或前一节课的讲座/讨论笔记中所提取，因此在课堂上认真记笔记很重要。句型分析：这是一个并列句，but前面是一个简单句Class activities will vary from day to day,b u t后面是一个复合句，其中由“so”引导的结果状语从句。【答案与解析】2 1【答案】C推理判断题。此题考查文章来源，根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature（文学概论课程评分办法）”和下面的小黑体标题 Essays（60%）,Group Assignments（30%）,Daily Work/In-Class WritingsandTests/Group Work/Homework（10%）,Late Work（作 文（60%）、小组 作 业（30%）、日常作业/课堂写作和测试/小组作业/家庭作业（10%）、迟到作业）可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C 项。2 2【答案】B细节理解题。根据小黑体标题 Essays（60%）,Group Assignments（30%）,Daily Work/In-Class Writings andTests/Group Work/Homework（10%）,Late Work-作 文（60%）、小组作业（30%）、日常作业/课堂写作和测试/小组作业/家庭作业（10%）,可知学生的最终成绩由3 部分组成。故选B 项。2 3【答案】A推理判断题。根据题干关键词uafter the due date”定位到原文“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.（如果没有在截止日期后的第4 天上交，将会得到零分）“可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。选项中的“receiveazero”和原文中的earn a zero是同义转换。故选A 项。BLike most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nice greensalad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with a dinner invitation.Istuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought waytoo much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,food waste goes against the moral grain,asElizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away-from ugly”（but quite eatable）vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurantgarbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food wastean environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer ofgreenhouse gases in the world.1If thats hard to understand,lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtin seesmy arugula story all the time but for him,it*s more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Lastyear it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵 的）producethat otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them foruse in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we just dont think.Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whetherby not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the sidedish you wont eat,Curtin says.24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A.We pay little attention to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally at times.C.We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wasting food.25.What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A.Moral decline.B.Environmental harm.C.Energy shortage.26.What does Curtins company do?A.It produces kitchen equipment.C.It helps local farmers grow fruits27.What does Curtin suggest people do?A.Buy only what is needed.C.Go shopping once a week.D.Worldwide starvation.B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.B.Reduce food consumption.D.Eat in restaurants less often.语篇解读主旨概要本文是一篇说明文。介绍了日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿D C 中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。原文出处来源于2016年 3 月国家地理杂志。语言知识词汇默写1.stuck 2.freezer 3.unthinkingly4.moral 5.jaw-dropping 6.reject7.grocer 8.resource 9.donated10.recover 11.rot 12.obvious13.unintentionally 14.decline 15.shortage16.starvation 17.equipment 18.consumption词汇答案L stick n.手杖；枝；杆 vt.刺入；插于；竖起vi.钉住；坚持，遵守；粘贴；生效，起作用2.freezer n.冰箱；冷冻室3.unthinkingly 轻率地4.moral adj.道德的；精神上的n.寓意；道德；品行；伦理5.jaw-dropping adj.使人十分惊奇的；惊人的6.reject vt.拒绝；排斥；驳回；丢弃n.不合格产品；被拒之人7.grocer n.食品杂货商；杂货店8.resource n.资源；机敏；才略；寄托；消遣9.donated v.（动词）捐 献（器官），捐赠，赠给，送,赠送10.recover v.恢复；复原;重获l l.rotn.腐烂；腐蚀；败坏；胡话v.腐烂；使 枯朽；消瘦12.obvious adj.明显的;显然的13.unintentionally adv.非故意地14.declines下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜n.衰微；跌落；晚年15.shortage n.不足；缺少，短缺16.starvation n.饿死；饥饿17.equipment n.设备；装备；器材18.consumption n.消费；消耗；肺痛重点短语1.be mindful o f 注意，留心，不忘却2.round o u t偏心距；完成；舍入；发胖；3.end up doing最终成为；做完某事；结束；4.as days passed 日 子一天天过去5.go b ad 变坏；变酸；腐败6.even worse跟糟糕的是7.threw out 扔掉8.take donations 接受捐赠9.side dish 配菜长难句分析1.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.句意为：生产无人食用的食物会浪费水、燃料和其他用于种植的资源。句型分析：此句是复合句，主句 u Producing food wastes the water,fuel,and other resources,为主谓宾结构，“that no one eats”是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“food”；“used to grow it”过去分词做后置定语，修 饰“otherresources”。2.Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessaryin your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat.句意为：每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周购物时不购买超过需要的食物，还是要求餐厅不要提供你不会吃的配菜。句型分析：此句为简单句，其 中“whether by doing or by doing”属于whether力口介词短语的结构，表示一种选择。【答案与解析】2 4【答案】A推理判断题。根据题干关键词uthe arugula s to ry 可定位到原文的第一段。由uLike most of us,I try to bemindful of food that goes to waste.（像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物）”以及“But as dayspassed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;could have made six saladswithwhatlthrewout.（但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉）”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。选项中的 uwaste food unintentionallyw 和原文中的unthinkingly bought way too much”是同义转换。故选Bo2 5【答案】C细节理解题。根据题干关键词food waste”可定位到原文第三段。第三段“Producing food that no one eatswastes the water,fuel,and other,resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.Infact,Royte writes,uif food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in theworld.”（生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”广可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境有危害。选项中的Environmentalharm和原文makesfood waste an environmental problem 是同义转换。故选 B。2 6【答案】B细节理解题。根据题干关键词Curtins company”可定位到原文倒数第二段。根据“Curtin is CEO of DCCentral Kitchen in Washington.D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recoveredmore than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的）produce,thatotherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them foruse in meals down the road.（科廷是华盛顿D C 中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。至于草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用）“可知，DC Central Kitchen是回收食物并将其转化为健康的膳食的一家公司。选项中的“makes meals out ofunwanted food v 是原文中的 arecovers food and turns it into healthy m e a ls的同义转换。故选 D。2 7【答案】D细节理解题。根据题干关键词Curlin”可定位到原文最后一段Curtin说的话。根据“Everyone can play apart in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by askingrestaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,“Curtin says.（“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说户可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。选项中的“Buy only what is needed”是原文中的“not purchasingmore food than necessary同义转换。故选 A。CThe elderly residents（居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feelinglonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peopleswellbeing,It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia,a serious illness of the mind.Staff in care homeshave reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.She said:I used to keep hens when I wasyounger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.I like the project a lot.I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there againat night to see they*ve gone to bed.Ifs good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents comeand sit outside to watch them.Fm enjoying the creative activities,and it feels great to have done something useful.There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,and the charity has beengiven financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,one of the first to embark on the project,said:Residentsreally welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun theproject can bring to people here.Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said:We are happy to be taking part in the project.It will reallyhelp connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.28.What is the purpose of the project?A.To ensure harmony in care homes.B.To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C.To raise money for medical research.D.To promote the elderly peoples welfare.29.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A.She has learned new life skills.B.She has gained a sense of achievement.C.She has recovered her memory.D.She has developed a strong personality.30.What do the underlined words embark onH mean in paragraph 7?A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.31.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A.It is well received.B.It needs to be more creative.C.It is highly profitable.D.It takes ages to see the results.语篇解读主旨概要本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。原文出处来源帮助老年人的一个公益网站，该机构提倡解决老年人孤独的问题。语言知识词汇默写1.resident 2.charity 3.loneliness4.wellbeing 5.dementia 6.staff7.reduction 8.financial 9.support10.session 11.benefit 12.Shared13.harmony 14.Promote 15.Welfare16.profitable词汇答案resident n.居民；住客；住院医生adj.居住的2.charity n.慈善；宽厚；慈善机关（团体）；仁慈3.loneliness n.孤独；寂寞4.wellbeing n.幸福，康宁，安宁；健康；福利5.dementia n.痴呆6.staffn.员工；全体人员；拐杖；棒；7.reduction n.减少；降低；减价；（化学）还原反应；（数学）约分8.financial adj.金融的；财政的；非正式,有钱的9.support vt.支持；承受；支撑；供养；资助；证实；支援；担任演出嘉宾n.支持；支撑；援助；供养；依据；助演嘉宾10.sessions会议；会期；开庭期；学期；一段时间11.benefits利益；津贴；义演；保险金；借助vt.有益于；得益12.shared adj.共享的；共用的13.harmony n.和谐；协调;调和；和声14.Promote vt.促进；提升；升迁；发起；促销，推销15.Welfare n.福利；福利事业;幸福16.profitable adj.有益的；有利可图的重点短语1.care home 护理院2.be dreamed up by 是.的创意3.roll it out 推广长难句分析There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,and thecharity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.句意为：目前，东北部2 0 家养老院有700名老年人在照顾母鸡，该慈善机构已获得财政支持，将其推广到全国。句型分析：此句为and”连接的并列句，“looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East”为后置定语，修 饰“people；“and”后是一个简单句，使用了被动语态。【答案与解析】2 8【答案】A推理判断题。根据题干关键词theproject”定位到原文第二段。根据“The project was dreamed up by a localcharity（慈善组织）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing（该项目是当地一家慈善机构的创意，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况）”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。选项中的 promote the elderly peoples welfare”是原文中的 reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing 同义转换。故选D。2 9【答案】C推理判断题。根据题干关键词Ruth Xavier”定位到文章第五段。根据“Its good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.Tmenjoying the creative activities,and it feels great to have done something usefUL”（有不同的关注点彳艮好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好）可推知，Rulh Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。选项中的“gained a sense of achievement”是原文中的 uit feels great to have done something useful,的同义转换。故选 B。3 0【答案】D词义猜测题。根据题干关键词embark on”定位到文章倒数第二段。根据“Residents really welcome the ideaof the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring topeople here.（居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣）”以及划线处前的“oneofthefirst（第一批人之一）”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin（开始）”含义相近。故选C。3 1【答案】A推理判断题。根据题干关键信息“the last two paragraphs”定位到原文最后两段。根据文章倒数第二段Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefitsand fun the project can bring to people here.（居民们非常欢迎该项目 想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣）”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said:We arehappy to be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a sh