2023年高考英语一轮复习考点17关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句（重难考点解析版).pdf

备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点汇编考点17关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句（重难考点精讲练）定语从句在高考的基础知识方面的考查主要体现在单选题、语法填空及短文改错中，在单项选择中主要考查定语从句的一些基本用法，如常见关系词的选择，在选择的过程中，一定要注意限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，定语从句与名词性从句，及状语从句的引导词的区别等，有时也会与其他修饰性的句型结构之间进行误导性考查，如与强调句性等，所以重点掌握的是从高考题中总结规律，达到熟练应用。定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空，短文改错，完型填空等中。一、关系代词引导的定语从句考向一常见关系代词的基本用法1.that可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。2.which指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）3.who,whom,whose（1）w ho:主格，在从句中作主语，只可指人（2）whom:宾格，在从句中只能作宾语；只可指人（3）whose:表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的（4）whose+名 词=the+n.+of which（某物的）=he+n.+of whom（某人的）注意：关系代词作介词宾语（在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表 人 用 whom；表 物 用 which）关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词可放于从句之首，也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词w ho和 th at用作介词宾语时，介词必须放在句末。）4.asa s 引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语（1 ）如为限制性的,多用于 the same.as;the same as（与.相同）;such.as（如此，这样）;as many/muchas（和.一样多）；so/as.as（与.一样）等结构中。如:（2）如为非限制性的，as还可以单独引导一个定语从句，代替整个主句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译 为 正 如,这 一 点 。（动词常为know,see,expect,point out,etc.）As we all know,smoking is harmful to ones health.(as 作宾语)众所周知，吸烟有害健康。1.For those want to see the film,put down your names,please.【答案】who【解析】【分析】句意：对于那些想看电影的人，请写下你的名字。want t。see the film是限制性定语从句，先行词是those,指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词w h o,故答案为who。2.The government has carried out several new p l a n s,b e n e f i t s are various and obvious.【答案】whose【解析】【分析】这里含有一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，所以填whose。考向二that、which的辨析1.只能用th a t,不能用which的情况(1)先行词是 all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,fbw 等不定代词或先行词被alL any,every,no,little,much,some 等词修饰。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only,the very,the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that,不用which.如：The first English novel that I read was Cities.我读的第一本英文小说是 城市。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用t h a t,不用which.如：The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace.外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。(4)关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时，通常只用t h a t,不用which.如：He is no longer the star that he was.他不再是过去的那位明星了。Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。(5)句中其他位置已出现w h ic h,为避免重复，不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如：Which is the car that has overtaken u s?超过我们的是哪辆车？2.只 用 w h ich,不能用that的情况(1)在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词 结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which.如:The house in which we live is very large.我们住的房子非常大。This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为t h a t,如：This is the question which/that weve had so much discussion about.=This is the question about which wevehad so much discussion.这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。(2)先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。(3)当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用w hich,而不用thato1.She said she would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease.【答案】that【解析】【分析】句意：她说她会做任何能帮助母亲从疾病中恢复的事情。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是anything,关系词在从句中作主语，应使用that引导，故填that。2.There were many fans in the social media expressed their sadness over Jin Yong*s death.【答案】who【解析】【分析】句意：社交媒体上有很多粉丝对金庸的死表示悲伤。expressed their sadness over JinYongs death是限制性定语从句，先行词是fan s,指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词w h o,故填who。3.This is the most interesting book I have read.【答案】that【解析】【分析】句意：这是我读过的最有趣的书。分子句子结构，Ihaveread.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the most interesting book,关系词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用 介词+which”结构替换。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。Is this the reason(that)he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point,situation,case,stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。关系代词和关系副词的选择用法依据根据从句谓语动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词则用关系副词。根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词。单句语法填空。1.There was a time in England people could not put up with each others ideas.【答案】when【解析】【分析】句意：在英国，曾经有一段时间人们无法忍受彼此的想法。There was a time w h en.,固定句式，曾经有一段时间.“，故填when。2.Life is like a race we all compete with ourselves against time.【答案】where【解析】句意：生活就像是一场赛跑，在这次竞赛中我们都在与我们自己比赛。此句是定语从句，先行词是 ra c e,在从句中作地点状语，因此使用关系词where引导定语从句。故填where。3.Next mo n t h,we will spend our winter holidays in our hometown,is approaching.【答案】when【解析】【分析】句意：下个月，那时我们将在家乡过寒假，就要到了。we will spend our winter holidaysin our hometown是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next month,在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when,或者介词during+关系代词w hich,因此答案为：when/during whicho）模 拟 检 科、1.（2021成都三诊短文改错）I had a concert ticket for a show that I couldnt attend it.【答案】将attend后 的it去掉【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我有一张演出的票，我不能去看。在定语从句中that已经指代了 show,所以不需要用it。故 将it去掉。2.（2021天津十二区县联考 2单项填空T10）Senior family members,especially parents,shouldcreate an atmosphere children can be encouraged to pour out their heart happily.A.that B.where C.what D.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：家庭长辈，尤其是父母，应该营造一种氛围，鼓励孩子们快乐地倾诉心声。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere,且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。故 选B项。3.（2021天津市 5 月压轴模拟单项填空可15）Learning another language is like stepping out of ad o o r,I can look back and see more clearly my own language.A.By which B.through which C.which D.on which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意：学习另外一种语言就好像跨出了一扇房门，通过它，我可以回顾并且更加清楚地明白自己的语言。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，根据句意可知，通过这扇门，先行词door做through“通过”的宾语，指物，用冠词代词which,by表示方式，on在.上面”不符合句意，故 选B。4.（2021 天津宝坎区三模单项填空,T8）You may think of giving up study,in casejust think it over before making the decision.A.that B.which C.whose D.where【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：你可能会考虑放弃学习，在那种情况下，好好想想再做决定。分析句子可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，此空位于介词“in”后面，指代主句“You may think ofgiving up study”,应用关系代词“which”。故 选B项。5.（2021天津和平区三模单项填空,T4）is widely accepted,in the Middle East Arabsgreet each other by touching noses,but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.A.As B.It C.Which D.What【答案】A【解析】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：在中东，阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼，这在其他文化中是不礼貌的。分析可知，is widely accepted在句中为定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代整个句子“in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses”,结合选项，as和 which都可以指代整个句子，在引导非限制性定语从句时，which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后，as引导的从句则可以置于句首。故选A。6.（2021天津和平区一模单项填空314）Go for a walk in the c o u n try sid e,y o u can enjoythe beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.A.when B.which C.where D.what【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：去乡村散步，在那里你可以欣赏美丽的风景和宁静的气氛。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the countryside（地点名词），关系词在从句中充当地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选C 项。7.（2021天津河东区二模单项填空,T8）I think youve got to the point a change isneeded,otherwise youll fail.A.when B.where C.that D.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我认为你已经到了需要改变的地步，否则你会失败的。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰的先行词为地点名词the point,且引导词在从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B 项。8.（2021 天津河西区三模单项填空T14）Swimming is good for t e e n a g e r s,s o m eexperts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.A.which B.why C.Whom D.what【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：游泳对青少年有好处，一些专家说，这将帮助他们激发潜能，促进他们的大脑发展。分析句子成分可知，“some experts say will help themto.”为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句“Swimming is good for teenagers（游泳对青少年有好处）”，所设空处可译为“这件事/这一点”，并在该句中充当宾语从句中的主语，故应用which,故选Ao9.（2021南开中学 5 月模拟单项填空T10）Sales director is a position communicationability is just as important as sales.A.which B.where C.when D.why【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：销售经理是一个职位，在这个职位上，交流能力和销售能力-一 样重要。分析句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，position为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故选B。10.（2021天津芦台一*中六模单项填空 T12）There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin,I like the Ancient Cultural Street best.A.which B.where C.among them D.among which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：天津有很多景点，其中我最喜欢的是古文化街。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词attractions,表示“在那些景点之中”，用介词am ong,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用w hich,所以用among which引导。故选D 项。11.（2021天津十二区县一模单项填空叮6）At last we found a path leading to the top of the m o u n t a i n,w e saw a beautiful sunrise.A.in where B.in which C.which D.from where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最后我们找到了一条通往山顶的路，在那里我们看到了美丽的日出。分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句,where代表the top of the mountain这个地方，from where=from the top of the mountain,需要注意的是 which 只能代表 the mountain,故选 D。12.（2021天津杨村一中一模单项填空 T10）Children,in my opinion,creative ability is unbelievably rich,should be trained in that area.A.which B.what C.who D.whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在我看来，孩子们的创造能力丰富得令人难以置信，应该在这个领域进行训练。A.which先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.what引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；D.whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构，结合句意可知，“creative ability isunbelievably rich”在名词Children后面作修饰成分,是非限制性定语从句，又因先行词Children和 creative ability之间是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，用 whose引导该从句。故选D。13.（2021 天津齐齐哈尔市三模短文改错）I have a pet cat,which name is Lucky.She has white hair and two big eyes.【答案】which whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我有一只宠物猫，名字叫Lucky。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词cat在从句中作名词name的定语，故将which改为whoseo14.（2021天津滨海学校开学模拟单项填空T4）Between the two parts of the concert is ani n t e r v a l,t h e audience can buy ice-cream.A.when B,whereC.that D.which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在音乐会两部分之间有间隙时间，那个时候观众可以买冰激凌。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval幕间休息），连接词在定语从句中做时间状语，应使用关系副词when引导。故选A。15.（2021 大港一中入学模拟单项填空T3）In the dark street,they wasnt a single person,she could turn for help.A.to whom B.whom C.to which D.which【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个人是她可以求助的。分析可知，“she could turn for help”应是之前名词“a single person”的非限制性定语从句，将先行词还原,从句应是:she could turn to a single person for help,其中,turn to sb.for help,固定短语，“向某人求助“，因此先行词在从句中作to 的宾语，应用关系代词w hom,从句中缺少固定短语介词“t。”,可将其放置whom前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构引导从句，即to whomwhose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个“雪人”是我们 爷爷，他灰白的头发在风中飘扬。分析句子可知，此处引导一个定语从句，先行词是grandpa,关系词在从句中作定语，应用whose引导，故将who 改为 whose。31.（2021珠海市二模语法填空T1）Sanxingdui（三星堆）is believed to have sat at the heart ofthe Shu state,historians know little about because of the lack of written records.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：三星堆被认为位于蜀国的心脏地带，由于缺乏文字记载，历史学家对它知之甚少。此处the Shu state是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。32.（2021肇庆市三模语法填空T5）Less snow cover in the mountains is important in the Westand Alaska,5 will greatly reduce the chances of disasters caused by too much snow.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在西部和阿拉斯加，山区积雪较少是很重要的，这将大大减少因积雪过多而造成灾害的机会。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。33.（2021漳州一中新高考模拟语法填空T1）Louis Cha（Chinese:Cha Leung Yung-,10 March1924-30 October 2018）,better known by his pen name Jin Yong,was a Chinese wuxia novelistand essayist,J co-fbunded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served asthe first editor-in-chief.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。根据句子结构关系可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为LouisCha,在定语从句中作主语，用 who。34.（2021玉林市一模语法填空T4）It reflects the culture 4 fooling and complaining ispart of everyday life.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：它反映了在英国文化中，欺骗和抱怨是日常生活的一部分。此处是一个定语从句，先行词为the culture,定语从句中主谓宾成分完整，缺少地点状语，因此要用关系副词where。故填where。35.（2021 永春县第三次联考语法填空T4）She discovered Artemisinin（青蒿素）,a drug 4 has significantly reduced the death ratesfor patients suffering from malaria.Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditionalChinese medicine.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她发现了青蒿素，这是一种能显著降低疟疾患者死亡率的药物。分析句子可知，4 has significantly reduced the death rates for patientssuffering from malaria”为定语从句，修饰先行词a drug”，同时先行词在定语从句中作主语，故填 which/that o1.（2022 年全国甲卷语法填空）On the 1,100.Kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,62 lost hiseyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.62.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在 这 1100公里的旅程中，这位在8 岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。2.（2022 年全国乙卷短文改错）They often run at high speeds,what may put our lives in danger.答案】what which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用w hich引导。故将what改为 which 3.（2022 年全国高考新高考 I 卷语法填空）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.65.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句关系词。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。（语法知识点：当先行词指物，且被all,every,any,the very,the only,the just等修饰时,只使用that不用which引导。）本句句意:大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并大大改善该地区的生态系统健康。故填that。2021l.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is ahealthy weight.（2021 浙江卷）2.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything happened during the day,trying to link newexperiences to old memories.（2021 北京卷）3.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we can learn withoutrepeating them.（2021 天津卷）4.At the Chinese art festival,there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach thevisitors.（2021 天津卷）I.【答案】that/which【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词to o l,定语从句中缺少主语，且指物，故填that/whicho2.【答案】that【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词everything,故填that。3.【答案】from which【解析】分析句子结构可知，先行词是past m istakes,空格处引导的是一个定语从句，修饰该先行词。再结合learn from sth这一用法可知，空格处应填from w hich,表示从错误中学习4.【答案】where/at which【解析】分析句子结构可知，先行词是stands,空格处引导的定语从句修饰该先行词。定语从句中缺少地点状语，故填where/at which。20201.（2020新课标 I【卷 短文改错）Thank you fbr your letter,what really made me happy.2.（2020新课标 III 卷语法填空）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.3.（2020新课标 HI 卷短文改错）Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Momwith appreciation.4.（2020-山东新高考语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,fbr example,formed（form）the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.5.（2020新课标 I 卷,语法填空）Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,Chinafirst had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and toEarth.6.（2020天津卷单项填空）7.Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s,he gave itto his grandson.A.which B.when C.where D.who1.【答案】what which【解析】考查定语从句。本句是含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，先 行 词 是 your letter,关系代词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处应用指物的whicho2.【答案】61.whose【解析】考查定语从句。本句为含有定语从句的主从复合句。先 行 词 artist是人，与 paintings为所属关系，故填入作定语的关系代词whoseo3.【答案】what t that【解析】考查定语从句。此处考查定语从句。先行词为the fo o d,不定代词a ll作其定语，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词thato4.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。关系代词which/th at引导定语从句，指代先行词the British M useum,在从句中作主语。5.【答案】63.where【解析】此处缺少引导定语从句的关系词。spot作为先行词表示地点，空白处所填的词在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词whereo6.【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the early 1990 s,在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选 B。2019-20187.（2019新课标 II 卷语法填空）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,62 she opened with her late husband Les.8.（2019 北京卷,语法填空）The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life.9.（2019浙江卷,语法填空）On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth 58 gives off light in the dark.10.（2019新课标 IH 卷,短文改错）In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environmentwhat is created for them.11.（2018新课标卷 II语法填空）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when thegovernment started a