2021年陕西省高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.pdf
2021年陕西省高考英语总复习：阅读理解1.Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goalof earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated fromUniversity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn abachelors degree.Mauer,of Edgar,Wisconsin,grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dadworked at a job away from the farm,and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After highschool,Jennifer attended a local technical college,working to pay her tuition（学费），becausethere was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation,she worked tohelp her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back tocollege to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing somethingshe loves：nursing.She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospitalin Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.She coulddrive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great supportfrom her family as she worked to earn her degree：Her husband worked two jobs to cover thebills,and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all,she remained in good academic standing and graduated withhonors.Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal,giving up many nights with her kids andmissing important events to study.Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pickbetween my kids and studying for exams or papers,she says.However,her children havelearned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that*s pretty powerful.（1）What did Jennifer do after high school?A.She helped her dad with his work.B.She ran the family farm on her own.C.She supported herself through college.D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.第1页 共7 9页(2)Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield?A.To take care of her kids easily.B.To learn from the best nurses.C.To save money for her parents.D.To find a well-paid job there.(3)What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A.Her health.B Her time with family.C.Her reputation.D,Her chance of promotion.(4)What can we learn from Jennifers story?A.Time is money.B.Love breaks down barriers.C Hard work pays off.D.Education is the key to success.2.The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientificresearch.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated withhouseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a stepfurther-changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves toshow when theyYe short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals inground water.Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of thethings that we use every day,“explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineeringat MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using somecommon vegetables.Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a第2页 共7 9页start.The technology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turntrees into self-powered street lamps.In the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayedonto plant leaves in a on-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers arealso trying to develop an on and off switch*where the glow would fade when exposed todaylight.Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lightingis often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plantto street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.(1)What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from various workplaces.D.Benefits from green plants.(2)What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?A.To detect plants*lack of water.B.To change compositions of plants.C.To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.(3)What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A.They will speed up energy production.B.They may transmit electricity to the home.C They might help reduce energy consumption.D.They could take the place of power plants.(4)Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Can we grow more glowing plants?B.How do we live with glowing plants?C.Could glowing plants replace lamps?第3页 共7 9页D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?3.Heads up!Across the country,sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.Now,the American Medical Association(AMA)has a new set of guidelines aimed at protectingplayers from the danger of concussions-serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring thatthe appropriate guidelines are in place,we can reduce the number of young athletes who mayreturn to the game too soon,which can put their health at further risk,Hsaid AMA BoardMember Jack Resneck JrM.D.in a statement.The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off thefield as soon as possible.Then,they are only to return to their sport with a doctors writtenapproval.The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and athleticorganizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC),a concussion is atype of traumatic(仓 ij 伤)brain injury caused by a bump,blow,or jolt to the head or hit tothe body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.This type ofmovement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull(颅骨).It candamage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused bysports and recreation-related activities occur in the U.S.every year.A study from theCenter tor Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40%of high school athletesreturn to playing before they should.The AMAs new guidelines should help to bring thosenumbers down.(1)Why does the AMA set the new guidelines?A.To raise safety standards of sports.B.To protect athletes from concussions.C.lb set rules for health care evaluation.D.To help players return to the game quickly.(2)What should young athletes who may have a concussion do?A.Avoid using the head.第4页 共7 9页B.Leave the field forever.C.Get treatment in time.D.Switch to another sport.(3)What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A.What a concussion is.B.What causes damage to brain cells.C.How the CDC works.D.How a concussion can be prevented.(4)Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Rules for Safer PlayB.Sports Injuries in the USC Advice to AthletesD.New Policies for Doctors4.Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researcherssaid puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children atthe University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 laterdevelop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents income,education and the amount of parenttalk,Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everydayactivities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of agehave better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasksthat assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and abouthalf of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parentstended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who playedwith puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzlesthan girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during第5页 共7 9页puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.(1)In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.(2)What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?A.Parents age.B.Childrens imagination.C Parents education.D.Child-parent relationship.(3)How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?A.They play with puzzles more often.B They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(4)What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematical method.B A scientific study.C A woman psychologist.D.A teaching program.5.With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独)，morefamilies are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law：she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their twodaughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of agrowing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same第6页 共7 9页roof.They share a front door and a washing machine,but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cutsin：We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-la w.”And what does Nick think?”From my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.WouldI recommend it?Yes,I think I would.nIts hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that thenumbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number ofhouseholds with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with theirelderly parents；many more adult children are returning to the family home,if they ever left.Itis said that about 20%of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16%in1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world,where multigenerational living ismore firmly rooted.In India,particularly outside cities,young women are expected to movein with their husbands family when they get married.(1)Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.Kathryn.D.The daughters.(2)What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.第7页 共7 9页(3)What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?A.Family traditions.B.Financial reports.C.Published statistics.D.Public opinions.(4)What is the text mainly about?A.Lifestyles in different countries.B.Conflicts between generations.C A housing problem in Britain.D.A rising trend of living in the UK.6.After the cure of pneumonia,Wuhan Dad reread the letter his daughter left at the bedside,tears filled his eyes.In the second vlog series,make a video call to a friend in Wuhan,China Daily reporter Xiao Peng interviewed three Wuhan residents by video and phone,among whom three have just been released from isolation.Their lives have beentransformed by pneumonia(月市炎)caused by the new coronavirus(冠状病毒).The first interviewee was Tian Fuxin from Wuhan.He was admitted to hospital onJanuary 20 and discharged from hospital on January 30 after 10 days of isolation treatment.“When I was admitted to hospital,I was very anxious.But after a few days I wasOK.And if youre infected by the novel coronavirus,the government covers your medicalexpenses.Our meals are the same as the doctors*and nurses.“Every time I saw them in their protective gear,I felt moved because I know that stuffmust be awful to wear,with goggles fogged up and so on.I cant thank them enough.Thosepatients who were discharged early like us are very grateful to the people who helped us,because without them,its hard to say how we could have survived.”Worried about his daughters safety,the family had her back to the university inShanghai before the closure.She was quarantined in Shanghai on the first day of the lunarNew Year and was recently confirmed to be well enough to end the quarantine.The daughterleft her father a letter in which she read between the lines her guilt not being able toaccompany him and her love for him.I cant look after you every time you are in hospital.I was right with you,though I第8页 共7 9页didnt realize how ill you were.Nothing could be done except get away.0“Dad,I loveyou.After growing up,I think Fve never said that.You must hold on.I cant live withoutyou,Dad.Dont be pessimistic.Little psychological tricks are helpful.You have to tellyourself I am feeling better.Because of infectious virus as well as its outbreak Tian Fuxin fell ill,experiencing aperiod of fighting the disease.However,he received the words his daughter had not longbeen able to speak out Dad,I love y o u.”(1)Whom does the underlined word them in the fourth paragraph refer to?A.Wuhan residentsB.medical staffC-the three intervieweesD.the government(2)Which of the following is FALSE?A.The daughter couldnt care for her father when he was in hospital.B.The meals of the pneumonia patients are quite different from those of doctors.C.daughter was also isolated in Shanghai on the first day of the lunar New Year.D.Tian Fuxin has been cured and has recovered from pneumonia.(3)The daughter left the letter to.A.show little psychological tricks are helpfulB.inform him her being quarantined in ShanghaiC.encourage him to fight disease and she loved him all the way.D.to say goodbye to the father.(4)The article comes f r om.A.a magazineB.a fictionC.a brochureD.a newspaperTeenage summer camps第9页 共7 9页We helped on a nature reserve(保护区)for a week.We did different things every day,incl
