动词（解析卷）---2023年中考英语考点详解+专项训练.pdf

专题0 8动词字考导10道动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。考点送,中考考查重点：1.动词辨析；2.动词短语辨析。考向一：动词的分类分类特点例句实义动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。Give me some ink,please.请给我一些墨水。He works hard.他工作努力。连系动词本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。He is a teacher.他是一位老师。They look the same.他们看起来一样。助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等0I am watching T V.我正在看电视。I dont speak English.我不说英语。情态动词本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。Tom can sw im.汤姆会游泳。May I come in?我可以进来吗？考向二：实义动词分类 用法 例句She bought a hook yesterday.她昨天买了 一能直接跟宾语本书。【知识拓展】1.单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy 享受；forgel 忘记；borrow 借入；buy 买；catch 抓；invenl 发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记;receive接受；see看见；say说;show展示；make做；tell告诉等。Im sorry that I forgot your address.对不起，我忘了你的地址。2.双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语（指人）和直接宾语（指物）的动词，如：give给；buy 买；pay 付款；hand 递；read 读；return 返还；sell 卖等。及物 I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午要把书还给动词他。3.接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见,听说；keep保持；make使 得;see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes.他们让他在门 口等了 20分钟。4.接动名词作宾语的动词：如 advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习：suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day.她每天都练习弹钢琴。5.接不定式作宾语的动词：如 agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident.比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。He is waiting for you at the gate.他在门 口等着不能直接跟宾语你。【知识拓展】不及物 常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive动词 至 II达；belong 属于；care 关心；come 来；cough 咳嗽；cry 哭；die 死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen 发生；laugh 笑;lie 躺；listen 听;live 生活,居住；look 看；occur 发生;rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考向三：连系动词分类常用词例句表 示 主 语 的 状态、特征和身份等be（是），look（看起来），seem（似乎），feel（感觉），appear（出现），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来）,sound（听起来）He is a good father.他是,位好父亲。She looks younger than before.她看起来比以前年轻。表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果tum（转变），become（成 为）,get（得到）,grow（增长）,go（去）,fall（跌落）,come（来），prove（证明）Everyone will grow o ld.每个人都会变老。After a few years,the things got worseand worse.几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变keep（保 持）,remain（仍 旧），stay（保持），continue（继续）The old man stays calm.老人保持平静。Keep quiet while youre going around.参观时要保持安静。-What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one?I hope it will like a book.A.taste B.sound C.look D.smell【答案】c【解析】问句中的a science museum为建筑物,故答语中应该用look lik e,表 示 看上去像，其余选项不符合句意。考向四：助动词be人称数现在时态过去时态现在分词过去分词第一人称单数amwas复数arewere第二人称单数arewere复数arewerebeingbeen第三人称单数iswas复数arewere【知识拓展】b e的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1.be+现在分词”构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa.我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2.be+及物动词的过去分词 构成被动语态。考向五：动词的甚本形式The truth will be known toeveryone.真相将会大白于天下。助动词do形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形dodo notdont第三人称单数doesdoes notdoesnt过去式diddid notdidnt【知识拓展】助动词d。的用法：d。上要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1.用 do构成否定句和疑问句。I dont like this kind of m usic.我不喜欢这种音乐。2.”do+动词原形”构成强调句。I do need your help.我的确需要你的帮助。助动词have形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形havehave nothavent第三人称单数hashas nothasnt过去式hadhad nothadnt【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We havent seen for a long tim e.我们很久没见面了形式规则变化例句一 般 现在 时 第三 人 称单数一般情况在动词后直接加-Slook-*looks；work-*works以 o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-escatch-*catches；g o f goes以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i,再加-esstudy f studies；try f tries一般情况在动词后直接加-ingread-*reading；g o f going现 在 分词以 ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加ingsee-*seeing；toe-toeing以不发音字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-inglove-gloving；write-*writing以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ingcut-cutting；puff putting少数以ie结尾的动词，先变i e 为 y 再加-ingd ief dying；lie-flying考向六：动词短语过 去 式和 过 去分词一般情况在动词后直接加-edask f asked；help-*helped以不发音字母e 结尾的动词，只加-dlike-liked；live-*lived以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i,再加-edcry f cried；study-studied以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-edstop-*stopped；plan-*plannedSpring has come.We cant the plan.The trees must be planted this week.构成方式常见短语动词+冠词+名词give a concert 开音乐会，give a tea 进行测试，have a rest 休息，have apicnic 野餐，have a try 试试，keep a record 保持名己录，leave a message留言，make a face 做鬼脸，make a living 谋生，make a speech 进行演讲，pay a bill 付账，take a risk 冒险动词+名词catch fire 着火，keep watch 守望/值班，make repairs 维修，play sports做运动，take action采取行，take measures采取措施，take place发生/举行动词+名词+介词catch hold of 抓住,catch sight of 看见，make contributions to 对.做贝献,make room for 给.腾地方，make use of 利用，pay attention to注意，take advantage of 利用,make contact with W 接触/联系，takepride in 以.为豪动词+介词+名词come into use 开始使用，get into trouble 陷入麻烦，play with fire 玩火/冒险，wait in line排队等候动词+宾语+介词+名词bring.to mind 使想起，put.into use 应用，put.into practice 实行/实施，take.for example 以.为例动词+副词+介词add up to 合计达，break away from 脱离，come up with 想出/提出，catchupwilh赶上，追上，go ahead with开始，着手,go in for参加/追求，go along with 一起去，hold on to 坚持，keep away from 远离,look downupon瞧不起/轻视，put up with忍受/容忍，run out o f用完A.put off B.make upC.come up with D.look up【答案】A【解析】由句意可知，春天来了，我们不能推迟计划。这周必须把树种好申寿愚点击（通辟墨）1.（2022湖北襄阳中考真题）一Lefs these two leaves!Can you tell the differences?一Their shapes look the same,but their sizes are a little different.A.compare B.compete C.cancel D.control【答案】A【详解】句意：让我们比较一下这两片叶子！你能分辨出区别吗？它们的形状看起来一样，但大小有点不同。考查动词辨析。compare比较；compete竞争；cancel取消；control控制。根据“Can you tell thedifferences?”可知经过比较才知道区别，故选A。2.（2022湖北襄阳中考真题）一Primary school students will have the cooking course.-That great.Cooking is a necessary life skill.A.looks B.tastes C.smells D.sounds【答案】D【详解】句意：小学生将有烹饪课程。听起来不错。烹饪是必要的生活技能。考查动词辨析。look看起来；taste尝起来；smell闻起来；sound听起来。根据Primary schoolstudents will have the cooking course.”可知“小学生将有烹饪课程”这件事听起来不错，故选D。3.（2022湖 匕黄石中考真题）一Dont always yourself with others,or you may havemuch stress.一I cant agree more.A.communicate B.connect C.consider D.compare【答案】D【详解】句意：不要总是把自己和别人比较，否则你可能会有很大的压力。我完全同意。考查动词辨析。communicate交流；connect连接；consider考虑；compare比较。根据“or youmay have much stress 可知，不要和别人比较，不然会有压力的。故选D。4.（2022江苏南通中考真题）Peter,our monitor,is creative and energetic enough tothe task successfully.A.complete B.collect C.control D.consider【答案】A【详解】句意：我们的班长彼得有足够的创造力和精力成功地完成任务。考查动词辨析。complete完成；collect收集；control控制；consider考虑。根据“the tasksuccessfully.”可知是指完成任务，故选A。5.（2022辽宁抚顺中考真题）Our city plans to more jobs to young people this summer.A.offer B.change C.choose D.find【答案】A【详解】句意：我们的城市计划今年夏天为年轻人提供更多的工作机会。考查动词辨析。offer 提供;change 改变;choose 选择;find 找至ij。根据“more jobs to young peoplethis summer”可知，此处指提供更多的工作机会，故选A。6.（2022辽宁丹东中考真题）Eric tried to why he was late for work,but his managerdidnt believe him.A.warn B.explain C.imagine D.mean【答案】B【详解】句意：埃里克试图解释他上班迟到的原因，但他的经理不相信他。考查动词辨析。warn警告；explain解释；imagine想象；mean意味着。结合语境和空后”whyhe was late for work,but his manager didnt believe him”可知埃里克的经理不相信埃里克解释说明的迟到理由，这里用动词explain。故选B。7.（2022辽宁丹东中考真题）一 Mom,flowers for you.H叩py birthday!Thanks,my son.The flowers so sweet.A.get B.sound C.smell D.taste【答案】C【详解】句意：妈妈，给您的花。生日快乐！谢谢，我的儿子。这些花闻起来好香。考查动词辨析。get得到；sound听起来；smell闻起来；taste尝起来。根据The flowers.sosweet.”可知，花应该是闻起来香，故选C。8.（2022贵州黔西中考真题）People should temperature and health code（健康码）checks in public places.A.accept B.receive C.take D.bring【答案】A【详解】句意：人们应该在公共场所接受体温和健康码检查。考查动词辨析。accept接受；receive收到；take拿走；bring带来。根据temperature and healthcode（健康码）checks in public places.”可知此处是指在公共场所每个人都应该接受体温和健康码检查，故选A。9.（2022广西梧州中考真题）一Is everything ready for the party?一Oh!I forgot to some delicious apple pies made by my mum.A.bring B.buy C.give D.order【答案】A【详解】句意；聚会准备好了吗？哦！我忘了带妈妈做的美味苹果派。考查动词辨析。bring 带来”;buy“买；give“给;order订 购 根 据 some delicious apple piesmade by my mum.可知，我忘 带妈妈做的美味苹果派。故选A。10.（2022山东滨州中考真题）一Dont be so rude.You should like a gentleman.Sorry.I will be more polite.A.perform B.behave C.provide D.consider【答案】B【详解】句意：别这么粗鲁。你应该表现得像个绅士。对不起。我会更有礼貌。考查动词辨析perform 表演:behave 表现;provide 提供;consider 考虑。根据“You should.likea gentleman”可知，应该表现得像个绅士，用 behave符合语境，故选B。11.（2022黑龙江牡丹江中考真题）We are supposed to some of the worlds animalsbecause they are in great danger.A.hurt B.protect C.catch【答案】B【详解】句意：我们应该保护世界上的一些动物，因为它们处于极大的危险之中。考查动词辨析。hurt 伤害；protect 保护；catch 抓住。根据“animals because they are in greatdanger.”可知因为一些动物是处于危险之中的，所以应该保护它们，故选B。12.（2022辽宁营口中考真题）My parents to buy me a new bike if I pass 由 e finalexam.A.promise B.remember C.forget D.expect【答案】A【详解】句意：如果我通过了期末考试，我父母承诺给我买一辆新自行车。考查动词辨析。promise承诺；remember记得；forget忘记；expect期盼。根据“.to buy mea new bike if 1 pass the final exam.”可知，父母承诺给他买自行车。故选A。13.（2022江苏常州中考真题）If you want to keep healthy,going to bed early and getting upearly is hi ghl y.A.recommended B.challenged C.translated D.influenced【答案】A【详解】句意：如果你想保持健康，强烈建议早睡早起。考查动词辨析。recommended 推荐，建议；challenged 挑战；translated 翻译；influenced 影响。根据If you want to keep healthy,going to bed early and getting up early is highly.”可知，“早睡早起”是保持健康的建议，故选A。14.（2022广西贵港中考真题）一The air pollution in our city is becoming worse and worse.一Thats right.But the government is trying to this problem.A.solve B.plan C.answer D.discover【答案】A【详解】句意：我们城市的空气污染越来越严重。没错。但政府正在努力解决这个问题。考查动词辨析。solve解决;plan计划;answer回答,答复：discover发现，找到。根据“Thatsright.But the government is trying to.this problem.”可知,此处表转折，说明虽然空气污染越来越严重，但是政府在努力解决问题，使用solve。故选A。15.（2022辽宁辽宁中考真题）一Now we can plant trees“at the bottom of the sea.Its a new way to the sea.A.paint B.protect C.create D.describe【答案】B【详解】句意：现在我们可以在海底“植树工这是一种保护海洋的新方法。考查动词辨析。paint 画；protect 保护；create 创造；describe 描述。根据can plant trees at thebottom of the sea”可知,在海底“植树”是为了保护海洋，故选B 16.（2022内蒙古包头中考真题）一 How can we go to the station?I going in my car.A.practise B.suggest C.invite D.introduce【答案】B【详解】句 意:我们怎么去车站？我建议坐我的车去。考查动词辨析。practise练 习;suggest建议；invite邀请；introduce介绍。根据“How can wego to the station”可知此处是建议坐车去。故选B。17.（2022江苏无锡中考真题）一Does the colour red represent good things in Chinese culture?一Yes.But writing ones name in red is not good,and we usually it.A.avoid B.advise C.allow D.accept【答案】A【详解】句意：红色在中国文化中代表好东西吗？是的。但是用红色写名字是不好的，我们通常避免这样做。考查动词辨析。avoid避免；advise建议；allow允许：accept接受。根据“But writing ones namein red is not good”可知，此处指应该避免使用红色写名字。故选A。18.（2022江苏泰州中考真题）Schools should students to form good working habitsthrough labor（劳动）education.A.force B.encourage C.warn D.promise【答案】B【详解】句意：学校应当鼓励学生通过劳动教育形成良好的工作习惯。考查动词辨析。force强迫；encourage鼓励；warn警告；promise许诺。根据Schoolsshould.students to form good working habits through labor（劳动）education.“可知，是鼓励学生通过劳动教育形成良好的工作习惯。故选B。19.（2022湖北武汉中考真题）一Laura spoke very slowly to people to what shewould say.一She just wanted to think about what others were feeling.A.survey B.weigh C.support D.repeat【答案】B【详解】句意：劳拉对人说话很慢，以便权衡她要说什么。她只是想要想想别人的感受。考查动词辨析。survey调查；weigh权衡；support支持；repeat重复。根据She just wanted tothink about what others were feeling.”可知要估计别人的感受，需要权衡下自己要说什么，用weigho 故选 Bo20.（2022湖北武汉中考真题）一Jack,tell me how to this information.All right,Grandma.You can type it on this keyboard.A.delete B.enter C.collect D.receive【答案】B【详解】句意：Ja ck,告诉我如何输入这些信息。好的，祖母。你可以在这个键盘上打字。考查动词辨析。delete 删除;enter 输入;collect 收集；receive 收到。根据“tell me how to.thisinformation”及“You can type it on this keyboard”可知，询问如何输入这些信息，故选B。21.（2022天津中考真题）My aunt offered me a dictionary and I it happily.A.accepted B.invited C.mixed D.grew【答案】A【详解】句意：姑姑给了我一本字典，我欣然接受。考查动词辨析。accepted接受；invited邀请；mixed混合；grew种植。根据“My aunt offeredme a dictionary”可知是接受了姑姑给的字典。故选A。22.（2022江苏扬州中考真题）People in cold areas warm colours to calm colours intheir homes.A.protect B.prefer C.pronounce D.practise【答案】B【详解】句意：寒冷地区的人们更喜欢家中是暖色系，而不是冷色系。考查动词辨析。protect保 护;prefer更喜欢；pronounce发音；practise练习。根据“People incold areas.warm colours to calm colours”以及常识可知寒冷地区的人更喜欢暖色系，preffej.to”与.相比,更喜欢.”。故选B。23.（2022湖北襄阳中考真题）一Ifs reported that Chinese researchers climbed to the top ofQomolangma on May 4th.一Yes.And they also the worlds highest weather station.A.took up B.gave up C.setup D.used up【答案】C【详解】句意：据报道，中国研究人员于5 月 4 日登顶珠穆朗玛峰。是的。他们还建立了世界上最高的气象站。考查动词短语。took u p 占据；gave up放弃；set up建议：used up用完。根据“the worlds highestweather station.”可知，是建立气象站。故选C。24.（2022湖北黄石中考真题）一Why do you want to be a volunteer?I guess I my mother.She is always helping others.A.take down B.take after C.take in D.take off【答案】B【详解】句意：你为什么想当志愿者？我想我很像我妈妈。她总是帮助别人。考查动词短语辨析。takedown记下；take after（长相、举止或性格）像；take in领会；takeoff起飞。根据She is always helping others.”可知此处指像妈妈亲一样总帮助别人。故选B。25.（2022辽宁鞍山中考真题）Please remember to the lights when you leave a room.A.put off B.cutoff C.take off D.turn off【答案】D【详解】句意：当你离开房间时，请记得关灯。考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟；cutoff切断；takeoff起飞，脱下；tum off关闭。根据“thelights when you leave a room”可知，提醒离开房间时要关闭电灯。故选D。26.（2022江苏南通中考真题）一I hear the Drawing Club was in our school last week.Shall we join it?-Good idea.Lets go.A.put up B.picked up C.taken up D.set up【答案】D【详解】句意：我听说我们学校上周成立了绘画俱乐部。我们要加入吗？好主意。走吧。考查动词短语。put up搭建；picked up捡起；taken up开始从事；set up建立。根据“the DrawingClub”可知是成立了绘画俱乐部，故选D。27.（2022吉林长春中考真题）Its cold outside.You should your sweater.A.put up B.put on C.put off D.put down【答案】B【详解】句意：外面很冷。你应该穿上你的毛衣。考查动词短语辨析。put up张贴;put on穿 匕put off推迟;put down镇压。根据Its cold outside.You shouldyour sweater.“可知，此处指穿上毛衣，故选B。28.（2022辽宁抚顺中考真题）We need to because teamwork is very important.A.run out B.go off C.pull together D.pass by【答案】C【详解】句意：我们需要齐心协力，因为团队合作非常重要。考查动词短语。runoul用完，耗尽；gooff（爆炸装置）爆炸；pull together齐心协力，团结起来；pass by路过。根据“teamwork is very important”可知，团队合作很重要，所以要齐心协力。故选C。29.（2022辽宁丹东中考真题）We can ourselves because we have already been oldenough.A.depend on B.work on C.get on D.put on【答案】A【详解】句意：我们可以靠自己，因为我们已经足够大了。考查动词短语。depend on依靠；work on从事；get o n 上车；put on穿上。根据“because we havealready been old enough”可知岁数足够大了，可以依靠自己。故选A。30（2022辽宁沈B 日中考真题）Young people can understand how to others by keepingpets.A.depend on B.agree with C.look after D.fall behind【答案】C【详解】句意：年轻人可以通过养宠物来/解如何照顾他人。考查动词短语辨析。depend on依靠；agree with同意；look after照顾；fall behind落后。根据Young people can understand how to.others by keeping pets”可知，通过照顾宠物来明白如何照顾别人，故选C。1.（2022云南保山九年级期末）When the t e l e p h o n e?In 1876.A.was;discovered B.did;discovered C.was;invented D.did;invented【答案】C【详解】句 意:电话是什么时候发明的？在 1876年。考查动词辨析。discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或未为人所知的东西；invent表示“发明”，即原来没有而后来发明创造的东西。此处是询问“电话被发明的时间”,应 该 用 invent。主语是the telephone,应该是“被发明”，根据答语“in 1876”可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。2.（2022云南保山九年级期末）一 Alice had a bad cold again!Really?She should the importance of keeping healthy.A.guess B.discuss C.realize D.consider【答案】C【详解】句意：爱丽丝又患了严重的感冒！真的？她应该意识到保持健康的重要性。考查动词词义辨析。guess猜；discuss讨论；realize意识到；consider考虑；根据“the importanceof keeping healthy.”可知她应该“意识到”保持健康的重要性。故选C。3.（2022广西德保县教研室九年级期末）Dont speak when you are angry,or youHlwhat you have said.A.manage B.support C.regret D.tastes【答案】C【详解】句意：生气的时候不要说话，否则你会为你所说的话后悔。考查动词辨析。manage管理；support支持；regret后悔；tastes品尝。根据Dont speak whenyou are angry”可知，生气时说的话，事后会后悔；故选C。4.（2022山东济南市天桥区教育教学研究中心中学教研科九年级期末）一Mr.Smith,it seemsthat you know a lot about this factory.一Oh,Pve here for many years.A.got B.worked C.joined D.come【答案】B【详解】句意：史密斯，看来你对这家工厂很了解啊。哦，我在这里工作很多年了。考查延续性动词。got得到；worked工作；joined加入；come来。根据“for many years.可知，需要延续性动词；worked是延续性动词；故选B。5.（2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔九年级期末）一Some Chinese government officers have turned intolive streamers.（网络主播）.Yes.They are trying their best to help local farmers to product sales.A.improve B.discover C.afford【答案】A【详解】句意：一一 些中国政府官员变成了网络主播。-是 的。他们正在尽最大努力帮助当地农民提高产品销量。考查动词辨析。improve提高;discover发现;afford买得起。根据“product sales”可知是improveproduct sales“提 高 产 品 销 售 量 故 选 A。6.（2022江苏宿迁九年级期末）Ms.Rainbow are surprised to that colours can changepeoples moods.A.find B.search C.discover D.see【答案】C【详解】句意：彩虹女士惊讶