国贸实务期末复习广外.pdf

国贸实务期末复习Chapter 1Overview International Trade Practice and Conventions贸易术语-INCOTERMS 2000/2010(International Rules for the Interpretation of TradeTerms)信用证-UCP 600(Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit)托收-URC 522(Uniform Rules for Collections)买卖合同的磋商和订立-CISG(United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale ofGoods)Chapter 2 Trade Terms2.1 Trade terms and international customary practices贸易术语及国际贸易惯例关境边境关境2.1.1 The definition of Trade Terms（贸易术语）The trade terms refer to using a brief English concept or abbreviation to indicate theformation of the unit price and determine the responsibilities,expenses and risks borne bytwo parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the goods.International customary practices。国际贸易惯例：指在国际贸易的长期实践中所形成的若干具有普遍意义的习惯性做法和解释。Relevant International UsagesUsagesDrawerTimeTrade TermsRevised AmericanForeign TradeDefinitions 1990AmericanCommercialgroups1919Ex Point of OriginFOB,FAS,C&F,CIF,Ex DockWarsaw一Oxford Rules1932The InternationalLaw Association1928CIFInternational Rules forthe Interpretationof Trade TermsInternationalChamberof Commerce193611 trade terms in E、F、C、D groups其他国际惯例和公约1.合同契约方面 联合国国际货物销售合同公约 英 国 1893年货物买卖法案2、支付方面 (1)跟单信用证统一惯例ucp600(2)国际商会 托收统一规则1996年 6 月 1 日实施 (3)关于审核跟单信用证项下单据的国际标准银行实务(ISBP)2002年通过3、运输与保险方面4、仲裁方面 联合国国际贸易法委员会仲裁规则联合国 承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的公约 UNCOTERMS 2000Group EDepartureEXW Ex Works工rx货Group FMain CarriageUnpaidFCA Free CarrierFAS Free Alongside ShipFOB Free On Board货交承运人装运港船边交货装运港船上交货Group CMain CarriagePaidCFR Cost and FreightCIF Cost Insurance and FreightCPT Carriage Paid ToCIP Carriage Insurance Paid To成本加运费成本保险费加运费运费付至运费保险费付至Group DArrhalDAF Delivered At FrontierDES Delivered Ex ShipDEQ Delivered Ex QuayDDU Delivered Duty UnpaidDDP Delivered Duty Paid边境交货目的港船上交货目的港码头交货未完税交货完税后交货 Incoterms 2010 贸易术语术语缩写术语全称适用的运输方式EXWEx W orks工厂交货（插入指定交货地点）任何运输方式FCAFree C a rrie r货交承运人（插入指定交货地点）任何运输方式CPTCarriage Paid To 运费付至（插入指定目的地）任何运输方式CIPCarriage and Insurance P aid运费和保险费付至任何运输方式DATDelivered At Terminal 运输终端交货任何运输方式DAPDelivered At Place 目的地交货任何运输方式DDPDelivered Duty Paid 完税后交货任何运输方式FASFree Along S h ip船 边 交 货（插入指定装运港）水运方式FOBFree On B oard船上交货（插入指定装运港）水运方式CFRCIFCost and Freight成本加运费（插入指定目的港）Cost,Insurance and Freight 成本、保险加运费（插入指定目的港）水运方式水运方式 UNCOTERMS 2010E组发 货（启运）EXW Ex Works工厂交货F组主要运费未付装同FCA Free CarrierFAS Free Alongside ShipFOB Free On Board货交承运人装运港船边交货装 逊 船 上 交 货C组主要运费已付装运合同CFR Cost and FreightCIF Cost Insurance and FreightCPT Carriage Paid ToCIP Carriage Insurance Paid To成本加运费成本保险费加运费运费付至运费保险费付至D组到 货（到达）DAT Delivered At TerminalDDP Delivered Duty PaidDAP Delivered At Place运输终端交货：完税后交货指定的目的地交货2010年 9 月2 7 日公布，2011年 1 月 1 日实施（-）变化1、由原来的EFCD四组分为两组：适合任何运输方式和海洋运输；2,贸易术语由原来的13个变成11个；3、删除了2000通则中D组的四个贸易术语，即DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU；4、新增加两个贸易术语DAT(Delivered At Terminal)在指定的目的地或目的港的集散地交货；DAP(Delivered At Place)在指定的目的地交货；2010通则的划分1、适合任何运输方式的贸易术语：CIP；CPT；DAP；DAT；DDP；FC A；EXW(7 种)2、适合海洋运输CFR；CIF；FAS；FOB INCOTERMS2010 2010通则的特点(1)根据卖方的义务分成以下几组Group E：也称 启运 术语(departure term)Group F：也称“主运费未付 术语(main carriage unpaid terms)Group C：也称“主运费已付 术语(main carriage paid terms)Group D：也称 到达”术 语(arrival terms)实际交货一EXW、DAT、DAP、DDP 象征性交货一FOB、FAS、CFR、CIF、CFR、FCA、CPT、CIP定义：卖方凭单据履行交货义务，买方凭单据付款。只要卖方按照合同的规定将货物装船并提交齐全的、正确的单据，买方就必须支付货款，即使货物在运输途中遭受灭失，买方也不能拒收单据和拒收货款。2.2 Trade Terms in Common UseFOB(Free On Board)-FCA(Free Carrier)CFR(Cost and Freight)-CPT(Carriage Paid To)CIF(Cost Insurance and Freight)-CIP(Carriage Insurance Paid to)FOB(.named port of shipment)1)“Free on Board means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated bythe buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered.The riskof loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel,and thebuyer bears all costs from that moment onwards.2)“船上交货”是指卖方在指定的装运港，将货物交至买方指定的船只上，或者指(中间销售商)设法获取这样交付的货物。一旦装船，买方将承担货物灭失或损坏造成的所有风险。3)Sellers Obligation1.ResponsibilitiesA.Deliver he goodsB.Clear the goods for exportC.Load the goods on the ship arranged for and named by the buyerD.Send shipping advice immediatelyE.Deliver related documents or equivalent electronic data2.ExpensesAll the expenses before the goods have been shipped on board.3.RisksAll the risks before the goods have been shipped on board.4)Buyers Obligations1.ResponsibilitiesA.Designate the ship and notify the sellerB.Make hsuranceC.Pay the priceD.Clear the goods for importingE.Take delivery of the goods2.ExpensesAll the expenses after the goods have been shipped on board.3.RisksRisks after the goods have been shipped on board.注意：风险有时会提前或推后转移；但无论是风险的正常转移还是风险的提前、推后转移都有前提条件，即货物需特定化(Specialization)。即货物已经适当地划归本合同，即已清楚地分开或以其他方式特定为该合同项下的货物.We should pay more attention to the following problems:1.Loading Charges(by Voyage Charter)A.Stipulate h the contractLoading Charges to be Covered by the Seller(Buyer).Loading Charges 装船费用：平舱费(trimming charges)理舱费(stowage fee)捆扎费(cashing charges)加固费(securing charges)等B.Derived FOB terms(FOB 的变形)FOB Liner Terms GuangzhouFO BS G uangzhouW FO BT G uangzhouFOB Under Tackle Guangzhou FO B ST G uangzhou2.Arrangement of goods and ship(关于船货衔接)Advice of goods ready(备妥货物)-Advice of arranging the ship(租船订舱)-Advice of shipment(装船通知)3.Different deflnition of FOB 1)1990年美国对外贸易定义修订本 FOB(named inland carrier at named inland point of departure)FOB(named inland carrier at named inland point of departure)freight prepared to(named point of exportation)FOB(named inland carrier at named inland point of departure)freight allowed to(named point)FOB(named inland carrier at named inland point of exportation)FOB vessel(named point of shipment)FOB(named inland point in country of importation)只有 FOB vessel(named point of shipment)与通则中的 FOB 相似 CFR(.named port of destination)a)Sellers Obligations1.ResponsibilitiesA.Deliver he goodsB.Clear the goods for exportC.Charter a ship or book shipping spaceD.Load the goodsE.Send shipping advice immediatelyF.Deliver the documents or equivalent electronic data2.ExpensesExpenses before the shipment,Loading charges,Regular freight necessary tobring the goods to the named port of destination.3.RisksSame as FOB.More attention should be paid to:Unloading chargesA.Stipulate in the contractUnloading Charges to be covered by the Buyer.B.Derived terms of CFR,CFR Ex Tackle New Yorkv CFR Liner Terms New York.CFR landed New YorkCFR Ex Ships Hold New York CIF(.named port of destination)1.InsuranceInsurance CoverageIf otherwise stipulated in the contract,the seller may insure ICC(C)or equivalent coverage.Insurable AmountIf otherwise stipulated in the contract,the insurable amount should be at least 110%CIF value.2.RisksSame as FOB,CFR.3.Unloading chargesSame as CFR.4.Sales by documents象征性交货(Symbolic Delivery)实际交货(Physical Delivery)Similarities and Differences between FOB,CFR,CIF2.Price under FOB,CFR,CIFFOB+F(国外运费)=CFRCFR+I(国外保险费)=CIFFOB=Cost of goods+Domestic expenses+Profits FCA(.named place)1.“Free Carrier means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another personnominated by the buyer at the sellers premises or another named place.The parties are welladvised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery,as therisk passes to the buyer at that point.If the parties intend to deliver the goods at the seller spremises,they should identify the address of those premises as the named place of delivery.If,on the other hand,the parties intend the goods to be delivered at another place,they mustidentify a different specific place of delivery.2.Sellers Obligations1.ResponsibilitiesA.Deliver he goodsB.Clear he goods for exportC.Deliver the goods to the carrier named by the buyerD.Notify the buyer immediatelyE.Deliver the documents of equivalent electronic data2.ExpensesExpenses before the goods have been delivered to the carrier.3.RisksUpon delivery to the carrier.注意：If delivery occurs at the sellers premises,the seller is responsible for loading.If delivery occurs at any other place,the seller is not responsible for unloading.CPT(.named place of destination)CPT=FCA+F(国外运费)CIP(.named place of destination)CIP=CPT+I(国外保险费)Relationship between terms in common useRefers to sea&inlandwaterway transportationRefers to any mode oftransportationOnboardD?EXW(.named place)1 “Ex Works“means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyerat the sellers premises or at another named place(i.e.,works,factory,warehouse,etc.).The sellerdoes not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle,nor does it need to clear the goods forexport,where such clearance is applicable.2、This term represents the MINIMUM OBLIGATION for the seller,and the buyer has to bear allcosts and risks involved in taking the goods from the sellers premises.This term should not beused when the buyer cannot carry out the export formalities directly or indirectly.In suchcircumstances,the FCA term should be used,provided the seller agrees that he will load at hiscost and risk.Group FA FAS.(named port of shipment)The seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment.This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods fromthat moment.The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.This term can onlybe used for sea or inland waterway transport.Group D DAP(DELIVERED AT place insert named place of destination)Incoterms 2010Delivered at place“means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal ofthe buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination.The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place.DAT(insert named terminal at port or place of destination)Incoterms 2010Delivered at terminal“means that the seller delivers when the goods,once unloaded from theamving means of transport,are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at thenamed port or place of destination.Terminal”includes any place,whether covered or not,suchas a quay,warehouse,container yard or road,rail or air cargo terminal.DDP(DELIVERED DUTY PAID insert named place of destination)Incoterms 2010)Delivered Duty Paid“means that the seller delivers the goods when the goods are placed at thedisposal of the buyer,cleared for import on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading atthe named place of destination.The seller bears all the costs and risks involved in bringing thegoods to the place of destination and has an obligation to clear the goods not only for export butalso for import,to pay any duty for both export and import and to carry out all customsformalities.DDP represents the maximum obligation for the seller.Group D Incoterms 2000 DAF(.named place)The seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving meansof transport not unloaded,cleared for export,but not cleared for import at the named point andplace at the frontier,but before the customs border of the adjoining country.The term frontier”may be used for any frontier including that of the country of export.However,if the parties wishthe seller to be responsible for the unloading of the goods from the arriving means of transportand to bear the risks and costs of unloading,this should be made clear by adding explicit wordingto this effect in the contract of sale.This term may be used for all modes of transport when thegoods are to be delivered at a land frontier.DES(.named port of destination)The seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship notcleared for import at the named port of destination.The seller has to bear all the costs and risksinvolved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination before discharging.This term canonly be used when the goods are to be delivered by sea or inland waterway or multimodaltransport on a vessel in the port of destination.DEQ(.named port of destination)The seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer not cleared for importon the quay(wharf)at the named port of destination.The seller has to bear all the costs and risksinvolved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination and discharging the goods on thequay（wharf）.The DEQ term requires the buyer to clear the goods for import and to pay for allformalities,duties,taxes,and any other charges upon import.This term can only be used whenthe goods are to be delivered by sea or inland waterway.DDU（.named place of destination）The seller delivers the goods to the buyer,not cleared for import,and not unloaded from anyarriving means of transport at the named place of destination.The seller has to bear all the costsand risks involved in bringing the goods thereto,other than,where applicable,any duty1 1（whichterm includes the responsibility for and the risks of the carrying out of customs formalities,andthe payment of formalities,customs duties,taxes,and other charges）for import in the country ofdestination.Such duty”has to be borne by the buyer as well as any costs and risks caused by hisfailure to clear the goods for import in time.This term may be used for all modes of transport.Chapter 3 Terms of Commodity 合同开头的基本条款 Terms of Commodity3.1.Name of Commodity Name of Commodity:Name of Commodity and Specifications:Description of goods:The undersigned Sellers and Buyers have agreed to close the following transactionson（commodity）according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.The method of Naming the goodsMain use（织布机、自行车）Main material（棉布、玻璃杯）Main ingredients（西洋参蜂皇浆、人参珍珠霜）Appearance&shape（绿豆.、纸管）Commendatory word（青春宝、太阳神口服液）Person s name（孔府家酒）Technics（精制油、二锅头烧酒）Name Clause“GOLDEN STAR”BRAND COLOUR TELEVISION SETCHINESE GREEN TEA,Attention:If the goods delivered are not in accordance with the name or description contracted,the buyer has the right to1 lodge a claim against the seller for compensation,2 reject the goods,3 Recede from his commitment.如果出口商不能够按合同规定的货物名称交货，进口商拥有如下权力：1索 赔 2拒 收 货 物 3中止合同 Try to be clear and specific 内容明确，避免笼统。（服装/礼品）Dont insert unnecessary adjectives 不应列入做不到或不必要的描绘词。Adopt the widely accepted name 使用国际通用名。Economize the freight and tariff expenses 选用合适的品名，以利节税节费3.2.Quality Whafs Quality?外观形态和内在品质的综合 UN Convention on International Sale of Goods:the goods the seller delivers must be up to the standardrequired in the contract.If the seller fails to deliver the goods as required by the contract,the buyer isentitled to claim damages,repairs,and substitutes,or reject goods,or sometimes even cancel the saidcontract.联合国国际货物销售合同公约规定：出口商必须按合同规定的货物质量标准交货，否则，进口商拥有如下权力：1索 赔 2要求修理或替代货物3拒 收 货 物 4中止合同Expression of Product Quality Sales by Sample(1)凭卖方样品买卖(sale by sellers sample)(2)凭买方样品买卖(sale by buyers sample)(3)“对等样品”(CounterSample)“回 样 (Return Sample)、“确 认 样 (Confirming Sample)“参考样品(Reference Sample)Attention:(1)“凭卖方样品”成交时，A、须提供代表性样品(Representative Sample)、原样(Original Sample)或标准样品(Standard Sample)B、在向买方送交代表性样品时，应留存一份或数份同样的样品，即复样(duplicate sample),或称留样(keepsample)C、卖方交货品质须与样品完全一致，若对品质无绝对把握，应加列弹性品质条款，如：品质与卖方于(日期)提供的样品相似。