备战2023年高考英语复习考点 36-七选五段中句（重难题型）（解析版）.pdf

备战2023年IWJ考英语复习考点考 点36-七选五段中句（重难题型）段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时;通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7 类:总分关系、解释关系、转折关系，因果关系、递进关系，并列关系和例证关系。，方 法 技 巧 1.逻辑关系线索法A,并列关系：ni-st(h),SecondCh),.;First,then.1 next.：In the first phce.in thesecond place.;for one tbing.for another thing then next等.B.顾承关系：too.also,besides,further.furthermore.moreover.whacs more.inaddition as wefl.to make matters worse jot.but.sot onh.bur also等.逻m关系线索法C,转折关系：but.however.yet.while/though.or/otbei-nise.on the contrary jnstead.nevertheless(然而),sdU,yet,on the contrary jn contrast/comparisonD.因果关系：so/therefore.thus.consequently(结 果)as a result(of),so/such.that,so that 等E,髀择关系：for example Jor instaiKe jn fact/as a matter of fact.actually jn otherwords/that is to say 等E 举例关系：for example,for instauce.in fact,as a matter of fact,actually,in otherwords,thnt is to say等.1.并列关系（2022年全国高考新高考I 卷）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled“Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.One reasonwas:Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting fbr you at the gym,“while another read:“36，With a workout partner,you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle（微妙）competition.A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.C.YouH work harder if you train with someone else.D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E.How can you write a good“seeking training partner“notice?F.Just accept your differences and leam to work with each other.G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled Five Reasons to ThankYour Workout Partne.One reason was:Youll actually show up if you knowsomeone is waiting for you at the gym,（健身杂志最近刊登了一篇题为 感谢健身伙伴的五个理由的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“Y oirn.i的结构，根据句式一致的原则，可优先看选项c。在根据句意，C 选项正是另一个理由，所以选择项C“Youll work harder if you trainwilh someone else.（如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。户符合上下文语境。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为C。（2020 新课标全国卷 III）A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into anew apartment or house.The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.The party is achance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.36.And it is good time to fill the newspace with love and hopeful presents.A.This isnt usual though.B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.D.If youre lucky enough to receive gifts,keep them in a safe place.E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on thenew home.（这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会）。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的-一次机会,下句And it is a good time to fill the newspace with love and hopefully presents4现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了）。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E 项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句为顺承，故选E。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为E。Important Things to Know When Dining OutCultural dining etiquette（礼节）might surprise you with some of its important rules.36 Dont get caughtmaking an embarrassing mistake al a restaurant.Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyablemeal with friends or family no matter where you are in the world.Chopstick RulesThe way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them downbetween bites,always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.37 Never stick them upright:in your food or cross them as you use them.Hands or Utensils（餐具）In India and the Middle East,its considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expectyou to eat with a utensil in each hand.38.instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile,you may nevertouch any food with your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.A.The more friends you make in your lifetimeB.The more time you spend in any given countryC.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsD.Dont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantE.Its a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plateF.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use themG.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal4.因果关系第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils（餐具）”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East,its considered vety rude to eatwith your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in eachhand.（在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭）”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands（相反更愿意使用他们的双手）“可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题 o 由此可知,C 项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils（墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的户符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选Co第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为Co 经 典 好 题）（2021 新课标全国卷 II）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.36 So the first thing we didwas rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave oursuitcases in the hallway.A.Not all the customers are tourists.B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E.Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.G.The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.第一步确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.（我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待 了 一周）”说明了背景；下 文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantasticallyexpensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.（所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大）”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因;根据F 项u Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.（我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。）”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F 项。第三步代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为E。（2021 全国卷甲卷）,Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.19 Place afew mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules ofthe swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take themthings always look different whenyou put them on.A.Less people than thatB.Hold a clothing swapC.If two people are competingD.Just keep music playing throughoutE.Donate whatever clothes are left overF Have everyone put their clothes in the right spotsG.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition第一步确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.M（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方J）指出衣服应该归类放置。下 文 Placea few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they trythem on.（在房间周围放儿面镜了，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F 项 Have everyone put theirclothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）“说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F 项。第三步代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为E。（2016 全 国卷 I）There are three main types of cryptography.37 For example,the first letters of Myelephant eats too many eels”spell out the hidden message Meet me”.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language,some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.技法2 高频词复现法第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：设空处前一句的句意为“有三种主要的密码术”。空后接着就给出一个例子“你可以通过拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为E。原词复现高频词复现形式同（近）义词复现反义词复现同根词复现（词形变化）（2022.贵州一模）If youre a chronic procrastinator（慢性拖延者），youre familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand inhand with leaving things to the last minute.Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task,youre probablyhaving trouble getting started in the first place!16There are several ways that can help you.Tackle your most important task for 15 minutes.Instead of thinking about the total number of hours youreabout to work for,just start.19.This will deal with the fear factor,and youll likely spend much longerthan 15 minutes on your task before you stop working again.A.Write a to-do list to set goals first.B.Break tasks down into small parts.C.There are several ways that can help you.D.Stop punishing yourself for procrastinating.E.Tell yourself youve only got to do it for 15 minutes.F.Handle your hardest thing on your schedule right then.G.Use that expectation to push yourself through the pain.技法3 代词指代线索法第一步：确定考查形式（段中句）。第二步：分析上下文关系，找关键信息词。本题可利用词汇复现法解题。根据段落主题句“Tackle your most important taskforl5minutes.（用 15分钟解决你最重要的任务。）”可知，本段介绍的方法是限制时间,E 项中的“for 15 minutes.”与主题句对应。第三步:代入选项，通读全文，确定答案为E。（2022年全国甲卷）Important Things to Know When Dining OutCultural dining etiquette（礼节）might surprise you with some of its important rules.36 Dont get caughtmaking an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant.Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have anenjoyable meal with friends or family-no matter where you are in the world.Chopstick RulesThe way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them downbetween bites,always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.37.A.The more friends you make in your lifetimeB.The more time you spend in any given countryC.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsD.Dont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantE.Its a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plateF.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use themG.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal37.【答案】F【解析】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When youput them down between bites,always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table infront of you.（当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了）”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F IjJiuNever stick them upright in your foodor cross them as you use them（不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置户讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。1.（2020 全国III卷,片段）38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of foodserved.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of theparty will,however,probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes,because a housewarmingparty happens shortly after a person moves into their new home,people may be asked to help unpackboxes.39.This isnt usual though.A.This isnt usual though.B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.D.If youre lucky enough to receive gifts,keep them in a safe place.技法4 相似结构线索法第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：分析上下文关系，找关键信息词。利用代词指代法锁定答案。空后的T his是关键信息词。根据空后一句“Thisis often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served.BJ知,由于在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多，这一点通常会受到欢迎。由此可判断出 This是指空处内容，应 与“食物”有关，由此可知正确选项应为Co第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为C.（2022年全国甲卷）Making Requests39 It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper rt a meal.In Portugal,this would be aserious mistake,because it shows the chef that you dont like their seasoning skills.Similarly,in Italy,never askfor extra cheese to add to your food.Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange,but they are important in variouscountries.40、the more comfortable youll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.A.The more friends you make in your lifetimeB.The more time you spend in any given countryC.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsD.Dont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantE.Its a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plateF.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use themG.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal第一步：确定考查题型特点（段首句）。第二步：分析上下文关系，找关键信息词。根据下文the more comfortable youll begin to feel with its foreign culturalpractices.（你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服）”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B 项“The more time you spend in any given country（你在某个国家待的时间越长）符合文意，引出下文。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为B.L2021年】1.（2021年新高考I 卷）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantasticallyexpensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in thehallway.The place wasnt entirely authentic,though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment,the plumbing（水 管）worked.37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said,Ouverture des portes,inperfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered,and its a shame I dont have much use for it.Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper acouple of weeks ago,they eat great food and never gain weight.38 French strawberries do not taste likecardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.39 On our first morning in Paris,I went around the comer to the food market to pick up somegroceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and Iagreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost$18!In France,quality of life is much more important than efficiency.You can tell this by cafes life French cafes are always crowded.40 When do these people work?The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a dealwith a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.A.Not all the customers are tourists.B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E.Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.G.The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.【答案】FCGEA【文章大意】作者通过亲身体验，感受了法国高品质的生活：高级公寓，美味食物，舒缓的生活节奏和每周35小时的工作时间。36.【答案】F【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空后的So表明该空与空后句为因果逻辑关系，又根据空前句作者夫妇在法国度过/一周，可知，他们的目的是想体验法国当地人的生活，所以他们租了一间公寓。故选F。37.【答案】C【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空前的plumbing,空后的building/ift是在介绍作者夫妇租住的公寓，与 C 选项中的kitchen和 bed为同话题词复现。故选C。38.【答案】G【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：空前句。分析题目可知，空前一句eat great food and never gain weight与 G 选项中 so delicious that you dont need much of it 构成同义替换。故选 Go39.【答案】E【解析】考查段首空。解题语句：空后句。分析题目可知，前文提到法国人与你我不同之处在于他们吃的食物很精致，摄入量很少，所以他们的体重不会增加，空后提到作者夫妇的一次经历，通 过 But they cost$1 8 可知法国的食物很贵，这也是法国人食物摄入量少的另外一个原因。故选E。40.【答案】A【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空前always crowded提到咖啡馆里人很多，且 French cafes与 A 选项中的customers为同话题词复现,又根据空后When do these people work?以及TheFrench可知咖啡馆的顾客中不光有游客，也有法国当地人