随堂笔记：考研英语基础阅读-第2讲.pdf
基础阅读-第2 讲例 题3:Economic condition was only astimulus for the trend toward efficientliving.The phrase less is more”wasactually first popularized by a German,the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,who like other people associated withthe Bauhaus,a school of design,emigrated to the United States beforeWorld War II and took up posts atAmerican architecture schools.Thesedesigners came to exert enormousinfluence on the course of Americanarchitecture,but none more so thanMies.推断题的标志：1-infer 推断2-暗 示=imply=indicate=suggest推断题类似于细节题-忠于原文错误选项主观臆断错误选项过度推理（简单的一步推理）school n.学 校；学 派 流 派；鱼群v.教育教学a school offish 一群鱼exert v施加course n.课程过程第1页 共2 2页32.Which of the following can beinferred from Paragraph 3 aboutBauhaus?A It was founded by Ludwig Mies vander Rohe.它是被Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 创立的B Its designing concept was affectedby World War II.它的设计概念受到二战的影响C Most American architects used tobe associated with it.大部分美国设计师过去常常和它联系推断题D It had a great influence uponAmerican architecture.V它对美国的建筑有极大的影响康哥爱柳岩A康哥很爱柳岩xB康哥最爱柳岩xC康哥通常爱柳岩xD柳岩被康康爱xE柳岩被康哥爱V潜规则-表示程度的词或短语经常成为考点。第2页 共2 2页例题4:There are some good argumentsfor a technical education given theright kind of student.Many Europeanschools introduce the concept ofprofessional training early on in orderto make sure children are properlyequipped for the professions they wantto jo in.,It is,however,presumptuous toinsist that there will only be so manyjobs for so many scientists,so manybusinessmen,so many accountants.Besides,this is unlikely to produce theneeded number of every kind ofprofessional in a country as large asours and where the economy is spreadover so many states and involves somany international corporations.early on 早期equipped装备的准备的presumptuous a.狂妄的，自以为是的presume v.假 设，妄自揣测第3页 共2 2页21.It could be inferred from thepassage that in the author s countrythe European model of professionaltraining is.A dependent upon the starting age ofcandidates依赖于候选人的开始年龄B worth trying in various socialsections在不同的社会部门值得尝试C of little practical value V几乎没有实践价值D attractive to every kind ofprofessional对每种职业人员都有吸引力推断题candidate候选人section部分部门skill-如果两个选项意思相同or相 近，则都不选；如果两例幅思相顾答案往往在其中professional a.职业的专业的n.职业人员第4页 共2 2页例 题5:If ambition is to be well regarded,the rewards of ambitionwealth,distinction,control over one sdestiny-must be deemed worthy ofthe sacrifices made on ambition1 sbehalf.If the tradition of ambition is tohave vitality,it must be widely shared;and it especially must be highlyregarded by people who arethemselves admired,the educated notleast among them.In an odd way,however,it is the educated who haveclaimed to have given up on ambitionas an ideal.What is odd is that theyhave perhaps most benefited fromambitionif not always their own thenthat of their parents and grandparents.There is a heavy note of hypocrisy inthis,a case of closing the barn doorafter the horses have escaped一withthe educated themselves riding onthem.vitality活 力,生命力not least 尤其o d d奇怪的n o te意味hypocrisy 虚伪b a rn马厩第5页 共2 2页28.The last sentence of the firstparagraph most probably impliesthat it is.A customary of the educated todiscard ambition in words受教育的人在口头上抛弃野心是惯常的B too late to check ambition once ithas been let out一旦野心跑了以后太晚了不能控制野心C dishonest to deny ambition afterthe fulfillment of the goal V在实现了目标以后否认野心不诚实D impractical for the educated toenjoy benefits from ambition对受教育的人来说享受野心带来的好处是不实际的推断题-最难的推断题推断题和细节题的相同点：都要忠于原文推断题和细节题的不同点：推断题的线索可能比较隐晦，需要结合上下文；而细节题需要精确定位custom n.风俗习俗customary a.惯常的A以偏概全B字面意思C概括性正确答案特 征L同义替换2-正话反说反话正说性质 1-委婉性 may,might,possible,be likely to 2-概括性impractical a.不实际的D 正反混淆第6页 共2 2页例题6:Examples of benefits or costs of thecurrent concentration wave are scanty.Yet it is hard to imagine that themerger of a few oil firms today couldre-create the same threats tocompetition that were feared nearly acentury ago in the US,when theStandard Oil trust was broken up.Themergers of telecom companies,such asWorld Com,hardly seem to bringhigher prices for consumers or areduction in the pace of technicalprogress.On the contrary,the price ofcommunications is coming down fast.In cars,too,concentration is increasing一 witness Daimler and Chrysler,Renault and Nissan but it does notappear that consumers are being hurt.Aof B o fC多重后置定语-后浪推前浪concentration 集中兼并scanty=rare 稀少的m erger兼并合并telecom 电信On the contrary 正相反communication 通讯witness v.目击见证n.目击者，证人H o nda本田Toyota丰田N issan尼桑第7页 共2 2页35.From paragraph 4 we can infert hat.A the increasing concentration iscertain to hurt consumers越来越多的兼并一定会伤害消费者B World Com serves as a goodexample of both benefits and costs世界通讯公司作为一个好例子既有好处又有坏处C the costs of the globalizationprocess are enormous全球化的成本是巨大的D the Standard Oil trust might havethreatened competition V标准石油托拉斯可能会威胁竞争推断题A过于绝对-正反混淆B过度推理serves as 作为无中生有D委婉性-正确的概率80-90%tru s t信任信托托拉斯-垄断组织anti-trust b ill反托拉斯法案金融寡头-洛克菲勒家族-石油财团第8页 共2 2页例题7:If you are part of the group whichyou are addressing,you will be in aposition to know the experiences andproblems which are common to all ofyou and it II be appropriate for you tomake a passing remark about theinedible canteen food or thechairman s notorious bad taste in ties.With other audiences you mustn tattempt to cut in with humor as theywill resent an outsider makingdtspafag+ng remarks about theircanteen or their chairman.You will beon safer ground if you stick toscapegoats likethe Post Office or thetelephone system.长难句-结构分析找主干passing随意的inedible不能吃的，难吃的notorious臭名远扬的cut in插 话，插嘴a s因为resent v.愤怒disparaging 超纲词stick to 坚持scapegoat替罪羊第 9 页 共 2 2 页公共服务已经给很多人带来了好处23.It can be inferred from the text推断题that public services _.public service 公共服务原词-同义词替换teamwork=cooperation=collaborationA have benefited many peopleA主观臆断公共服务是人群关注的焦点B are the focus of public attentionB主观臆断C are an inappropriate subject forC正反混淆humor公共服务是不适合幽默的话题D have often been the laughing stocklaughing stock 笑料公共服务经常成为笑料第1 0页 共2 2页3.猜词题猜词题的标志：引号中：words 单词”phrase 短语”(sentence 句子”means意味着refers to指得是.1-超 纲 词5500之外的-上下文中猜2-大纲常见词-不选字面意思，选上下文中的引申义猜词题的方法：方法-假装不认识，然后返回该词出现的上下文找 索，魅 惧 同 义 词，近义词，反义 词，或者解释说明。标点符号经常是线索a;b分号前后意思往往是一致的a,b,and c前后意思往往是一致的abut b-相反的都 是b对a进行解释说明的情况：a:b ab a,b,ab第 1 1 页 共 2 2 页例 题1:Adeline Alvarez married at 18 andgave birth todetermined to finish college.a son,but wasstruggled a lot to get the collegedegree.I was living in so muchfrustration that that was my escape,togo to school,and get ahead and dobetter/Later,her marriage ended andshe became a single mother.It s the女人生育的黄金年龄golden time 26-27 岁struggled v n挣 扎 抗 争 努 力so that如此以至于.hardest thing to take care of a teenager,have a job,pay the rent,pay the carpayment and pay the debt.I lived frompaycheck to paycheck/第 1 2 页 共 2 2 页24.The sentence I lived frompaycheck to paycheck/(Line 6,Para.5)shows thatAAlvarez cared about nothing butmaking money.Alvarez除了挣钱啥也不关心BAlvarezr s salary barely covered herhousehold expenses.VAlvarez的工资几乎不够支付家庭的费用C Alvarez got paychecks from differentjobs.Alvarez从不同的工作里得到工资D Alvarez paid practically everythingby check.Alvarez几乎买啥都靠支票猜词题check v.检查核对;控制抑制n.支票=chequepaycheck n.工 资，工资单nothing b u t仅 仅，只是b arely赤裸裸地，几乎不；勉强仅仅cover v.覆 盖；支 付；报道C字面意思D字面意思practically 1-实 际 地2-几乎第1 3页 共2 2页例题2:This episode crystallizes the ironythat although American men tend totalk more than women in publicsituations,they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with pattern 模式marriage.The pattern was observed bypolitical scientist Andrew Hacker in thelate 1970s.Sociologist Catherine KohlerRiessman reports in her new book report 才 艮 告Divorce Talk that most of the womenshe interviewedbut only a few of themen一gave lack of communication asthe reason for their divorces.Given thecurrent divorce rate of nearly 50percent that amounts to millions ofcases in the United States everyyeara virtual epidemic of failedconversation.第1 4页 共2 2页27.Judging from the context,thephrase“wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably meansA generating motivation产生激励B exerting influence施加影响C causing damage V造成伤害D creating pressure产生压力exert v.施加第1 5页 共2 2页例 题3:In the weeks and months thatfollowed Mr.Hirst s sale,spending ofany sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectorsstayed away from galleries andsalerooms.Sales of contemporary artfell by two-thirds,and in the mostoverheated sector,they were down bynearly 90%in the year to November2008.Within weeks the world s twobiggest auction houses,Sotheby7 sand Christie/s,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients whohad placed works for sale with them.收藏家们远离了画廊和拍卖行第1 6页 共2 2页22.By saying spending of any sortbecame deeply unfashionable,(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that猜词题A co I lectors were no longer activelyinvolved in art-market auctions V收藏家们不再积极参与艺术品市场的拍卖B people stopped every kind ofspending and stayed away fromgalleries人们停止每种类型的花费并远离了画廊Cart collection as a fashion had lostits appeal to a great extent在很大程度上艺术收藏品作为一种时尚已经失去了它的吸引力D works of art in general had gone outof fashion so they were not worthbuying艺术品总的来说已经不时髦了所以它们不值得买同义替换B偷换概念。过度推理叩p e a l吸引力to a great extent在很大程度上D过度推理第1 7页 共2 2页例题4:I have discovered,as perhapsKelsey will after her much-publicizedresignation from the editorship of Sheafter a build-up of stress,thatmuch-publicized a.高调的build-up累 积，积累abandoning the doctrine of“jugglingdoctrine 教条your life a n c*making the alternativealter v.改变move into“downshifting“bringsalternative a.其它的，其它可供选择的(2with it far greater rewards than选l)n.其它选择financial success and social status.shift v.n.转 换,换挡Nothing could persuade me to returndownshifting 调低档to the kind of life Kelsey used toadvocate and I once enjoyed:12-hour:冒号-解释说明working days,pressured deadlines,thedeadline截止日期最后期限fearful strain of office politics and thestrain 压力limitations of being a parent onp arent父亲或母亲“quality time”.parents 父母quality n.质量品质性质a.高质量的suitable a.适合的合适的第1 8页 共2 2页69.Juggling one s life probably猜词题means living a life characterized bycharacterized by 以.为特征A non-materialistic lifestyle非物质的生活方式B a bit of everything凡事都有一点点C extreme stress V极端的压力D anti-consumerism反消费主义第1 9页 共2 2页4.例证题例证题技巧性非常强，考的不多例证题的标志：the author/passage usesthe author/passage cites=quotes 弓|用the author/passage mentions 提 至!Ithe example=case 例子saying=proverb 名言谚语statistics 数据report报道phenomenon 现象somebody 某人something 某事考研阅读四篇阅读有特点1-以人文社会科学和经济类为主，以自然科学为辅助（common sense常 识A I）2-文章都是说明文或议论文，目的是为了说明一个现象或者证明一个观点，所以适合出例证题和主旨题to干to show.表明,to prove.证明,to justify.证明例证题的方法：返回该论据出现的上下文，往往是上文一定能找到其所证明的论点，而正确答案就是该论点的同义替换，正话反说反话正说，而干扰项往往是例子本身，就事论事。第 2 0 页 共 2 2 页例 题1:Science,in practice,depends far 科学在实践中更少的依赖实验更多的靠观察less on the experiments it prepares 头验的人头脑的准备than on the preparedness of the mindsof the men who watch the experiments.Sir Isaac Newton supposedlydiscovered gravity through the fall ofan apple.Apples had been falling inmany places for centuries andthousands of people had seen them fall.But Newton for years had been curiousabout the cause of the orbital motionof the moon and planets.What keptthem in place?Why didnt they fall outof the sky?第 2 1 页 共 2 2 页27.The author wants to prove withthe example of Isaac Newton thatA inquiring minds are more importantA正话反说，反话正说than scientific experiments V探索性的头脑比科学实验更重要B science advances when fruitfulresearches are conducted当有成效的研究被进行的时候科学进步康哥叮嘱：C scientists seldom forget the基础差的同学单词语法长难句学起来essential nature of research学习英文贵在坚持，不需要多聪明，只需要科学家几乎忘了研究的本质性质而S,只需要酉寺，所 有 单 诩 的 掷）萌,只有一个原因，听的遍数不够多仅此而已，所D unpredictability weighs less than以不要再说自己单词记不住，老说自己单词prediction in scientific research记不住单词不认识，正话反说反话正说，这不可预测性没有预测性重句话暗示自己懒，投入的时间不够第2 2页 共2 2页
