历年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案.pdf

2003年职称英语考试理工类A 级试题及答案第一部分：词 汇选项(第1一15题，每 题1分，共15分)卜.面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explained B inventedC considered D accepted2.He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavy B strongC kind D wild3.It is no use debaling the relative merits of this policy.A making B takingC discussing I)expecting4.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A waste B buyC use D sei 15.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A function B abilityC power D volume6.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tensely B nearlyC carefully 1)closely7.Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.A supported B excitedC inspired D directed8.The book provides a concise analysis of the country,s history.A clean B perfectC real D brief9.It is laid down in the regulations that al 1 members must carry their membership cards at all times.A suggested B warnedC stated D confirmed10.The council meeting terminated at 2 o clock.A began B continuedC ended D resumed11.Red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A sign B substituteC proof D target12.However bad the situation is,the majority is unwi1 ling to risk change.A reluctant B eagerC pleased D angry13.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limit B controlC replace D offset14.The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A deny B investigateC stress D create15.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A gradually B suddenlyC excessively D exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断（第16 22题，每 题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，清在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。A Dolphin and an AstronomerOne day in 1963,a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer,Car Sagan,were playing a little game.The astronomer wasvisiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other.Sagan was standing on the edge ofone of the tanks where several of these friendly,highly intelligent creatures were kept.Elvar had just swum up alongside himand had turned on his back.The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again,as the astronomer had done twice before.Elvar looked up at Sagan,waiting.Then,after a minute or so,the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word more”.Theastonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.*0h,yes.That*s one of the words he knows,the director said,showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brain in proportion to their body size than humans have,and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds.What is more,these sounds seem to have different functions,such as warning each other of danger.Sound travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air.That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphin than in humans.But can it be said that dolphins have a 4 language*,in the rea1 sense of the word?Scientists don t agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds,or even words.A 1anguage has a structure and what we call a grammar.The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning.For example,the two questions“Who loves Mary?and Who doesMary love?”mean very different things.If you stop to think about it,you will see that this difference doesn t come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure.That is why the question“Can dolphins speak?can t be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning-16 The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 Parts of the dolphin s brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Sounds can be cal led a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 2330题，每 题 1 分，共 8 分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2 项测试任务：（1）第 2326题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第2、3、5 和 6 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第 2730题要求从所给的6 个选项中选择4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。The Weight ExperimentNicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lost weight.Being locked in a small room called a calorimeter（热量测量室）is one way to find out.1 The sighs above the two rooms read simply“Chamber Onen and Chamber Two”.These are the calorimeters:4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science.Outside these rooms another sign reads“Please donot enter-work in progressw and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make.Each day,meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.2 Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who,over the past eight months,have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter.Tall and siim,Nicola does not have a weight problem,but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme.A self-employed community dance worker,she was able to fit the experiment in around her work.She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise,she thought she would helpout.3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room.This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks.She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then oneverything she ate or drank was carefully measured.Her every move was noted too,her daily exercise routine timed to the last second.At regular intervals,after eating,she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room.The first time,I only took one video and a book,but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,“says Nicola.And twice a day she used theexercise bike.She pedaled（）for half an hour,watched by researchers to make sure she didn*t go too fast.5 It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more,while others satisfy you quickly.Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full.Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat,the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet.Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up forfurther sessions.A What does the calorimeter look like inside?B What program was designed for the experiment?C What is a calorimeter?D What is the first impression?E How do the volunteers kill the time?F Why did Nicola join in the experiments?23 Paragraph 124 Paragraph 125 Paragraph 126 Paragraph 127 The machinery outside the calorimeters records e v e r y t h i n g.28 Nicola Walters had time for the experiments.29 Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the c a l o r i m e t e r.30 The experiments show that high-fat diets.A the volunteers doB because she does not have a weight problemC because the life there can be very boringD make people overeatE because she was her own bossF after passing a high-protein test第4部分：阅读理解（第31 45题，每题3分，共4 5分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第 一 篇Salty Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soi1 containing salt water.Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo,from Sussex University*s School of Biological Sciences,have spent several years researching how crops,such as rice,could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme,funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions.The aim is to breed this capability into crops,starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares（公顷）of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soiland stunts（妨碍生长）plants.The problem is caused by several factors.In the tropics,mangroves（红树林）that create swamps（沼泽）and traditionally formed harriers to sea water have been cut down.In the Mediterranean,a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop,allowing sea water to seep（渗透）in.in Latin America,irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated（蒸发）by the heat,leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally.Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plantsstop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems,Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what theydo absorb in cells that do not affect the plantsy growth.They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop,but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known,Flowers and Yeo wi11 try to breed the appropriate genes intoall manners of crops and plants.Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again,providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?A They are students at Sussex University.B They are rice breeders.C They are husband and wifeD They are col leagues at an institution of higher learning.32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programmeA to find ways to prevent water pollution.B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.C to breed rice plants that taste salty.I）to find ways to remove excessive salt from soi 1.33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B The water table has gone down after droughts.C Sea level has been continuously rising.D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.34 The word“affect“in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced byA influence”B“effect”C“stop”D present”35 The attitude of the author towards the research project isA positiveB negative.C suspiciousD indifferent.第二篇 Living with ComputerAfter too long on the Net,even a phone call can be a shock.M y boyfriend s Liverpudian accent suddenly becomes hard to understand after the clarity of his words on screen;a secretaryJ s tone seems more rejecting than I flee and widely available will Suffer.Others claim that many of theprogrammes to promote technology transfer arc a waste of money because half the smallbusinesses that arc promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.VImile this debate continues,new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys researchnetworks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is thefourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays（he greatest role in technology transfer.Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for appliedtechnology,and has 59 institutes employing 1 2,000 people,h continues to grow.Last year,iiSwallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin.Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?A Technology transfer.B Good managementC Hard work.D Fierce competition32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?A It is free.B It is profit-driven.C It is widely available.D It is curiosity-driven.33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology inA Asia.B USA.C Europe.D Africa.34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?A In 1940.B Last year.C After the unification.D In 1949.35 The word expcriise”in line 3 could be best replaced byA“experts”.B“sciemists”.C scholars”.D special knowledge”.第二篇Superconductor Ceramic（陶瓷）An underground revolution begins this winter,with the flip（轻击）of a switch,30,000homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricitytransmitted by ice.cold high,perfo门 nance cables.Other American cities are expected to followDetroits example in the years ahead,which could conserve enormous amounts of power.The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionarjf becausethey are made of superconductors.A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity withlittle or no resistance.Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current.Allcommon electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance.They convert atleast some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat.Superconductors dont-No one understands how su|erconductivity works.It just does.Making superconductors isnt easy.A superconductor material has to be cooled to anextremely low temperature to lOse its resistance.The first superconductors,made more than 50years ago,had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance.Newersuperconducting materials lOse their resistance at 143 degrees Celsius.The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic materialthat contains copper,oxygen.bismuth（IM）。strontium（1思）.and calcium（钙）.A ceramic is ahard,strong compound made from clay or minerals.The superconducting ceramic has beenfashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic（ape to the point where ilconveys electricity with zero resistance.The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance.Because cooled superconductors have no resistance,they waste much less power.Other citiesare watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cableand conserve power,too.36 What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?A With a flip of swish,electricity can be transmitted.B Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables.C Great amounts of power can be conserved.D Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables37 Compared to common electrical conductors,superconductorsA have little or no electrical resistance.B Can be