考研英语长难句解析.pdf

2015考研英语长难句解析（一）1.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia,sNorthern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the livesof incurably ill patients who wish to die.（1996.阅读.Text A）【例句译文】经过六个月的争论和议会最后十六小时激烈的辩论，澳大利亚北部行政区成为全球第一个允许医生为寻求解脱的绝症患者实行安乐死的法定权威。【例句分析】这是一个比较简单的复合长句，句子的主干是Australias Northern Territory becamethe first legal authorityo句 中,after引导时间状语从句，表明发生的时间;who wish to die是patients的定语从句，将patients的范围限定在寻求解脱的患者中;两个不定式结构to allow和to take分别是thefirst/序数词+to do sth和allow sb to do sth两个固定搭配的应用。2.The full import may take a while to sink in.（1996.阅读.Text A）【例句译文】这份法案的深刻意义或许需要一段时间才能被充分理解。【例句分析】句子很简单，但不容易理解，有两个难点：（l）import 进口 的基本含义更为考生熟知，但在此句中语义不通。这里考察import作为名词的另一个意思：含义、意 义，full import则是 深刻含义二 短 语sink in此 处 意 为 被 充 分 理 解 注 意 与sink into意为 沉入到.中去 区分。3.Some have breathed sighs of reliefothers,including churches,right-to-life groups and theAustralian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.（1996.阅读.Text A）【例句译文】有些人松了一口气，而另一些如教会、生命权利组织和澳大利亚医学会都对法案以及法案仓促的通过进行了强烈的抨击。【例句分析】句子主干是some，others结 构，表明对安乐死法案两种不同的态度。including这里是介词,意为 包含、包括“，e.g.There were five females among the passengers,including thestewardess.4.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country,a traveler was a welcome breakin an otherwise dull existence.（1996.阅读 Text B）【例句译文】长久以来,在美国很多地区，旅行者打破了往常生活的枯燥而受到人们欢迎。【例句分析】这句话有两个抽象名词break和existence,若按字面意思直译，则很难理解。在分析此类句子时，要注意把握词句的内在含义。break作动词时意为 打碎，折 断 ，作名词时含义相近,意为 裂口，裂 缝；破 裂 ，还 有 中 断，休息”之意。例 如Life at sea is a welcome break for my job as aschoolteacher.I love traveling to exotic places and I love the hard work.而 existence 意为,生 存 ，T 殳情况下可看做life的同义词。因 此，整句话的意思是，旅行者的到来打破了平静枯燥的生活，给当地居民带来些许新鲜感，这或许是北美人民大多热情好客的原因之一。2015考研英语长难句解析（二）l.As is true of any developed society,in America a complex set of cultural signals,assumptions,and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.（1996.阅读 Text B）【例句译文】同任何发达国家一样，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础。【例句分析】本句的主干是 a complex of.underlies social interrelations.as is true of.是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰America,而不是a complex set。其 中，underlie意 为 是 的基础；优先于。2.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial noras artificial z but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.（1996.阅读 Text B）【例句译文】许多美国人的这种随意的友好态度不应该被看成是肤浅的或虚假的，而应解释成一种由来已久的历史文化传统。【例句分析】这句话比较长，但结构并不复杂。主要有两个短语组成,be interpreted as和neithernorbut。注意第三个as引导的成分与前两个as引导的成分是并列的，都是与interpret的固定搭配。3.Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbersand importance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsiblewealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detachedfrom the responsible management of business.（1996.阅读。Text C）【例句例句译文】对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。【例句分析】这种长句句式复杂，内容抽象，让考生一头雾水，不知所云。面对这一拦路虎，首先要抓 住 句 子 的 主 干 manipulation increased numbers and importance ,（which is）anelement。主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定。而非限制性定语an element.landowners中又带有两个定语从句，一个是（which was）representing,另一个是（which was）detached.将定语从句中省略的 引导词+be结构补充完整，则不易与分词结构混淆。4,Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large comfortable classeswho had retired on their incomes,and who had no relation to the rest of the community exceptthat of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate theirorders to the management.（1996.阅读。Text C）【例句译文】像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给大批“舒适”阶层提供休憩之所。这些人依赖丰厚的收入生活，除了参加分红和偶尔参加股东大会向管理层下达命令之外，与社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。【例句分析】这一长句的难点在于宾语comfortable classes有两个由定语从句who has retired，who had no relation并由and连 接，而第二个定语从句中存在较长的介词短语结构,except是介词，that 指代 relation,drawing 和 attending 是并列关系，作 of 的宾语，to dictate their orders.是目的状语。2015考研英语长难句解析（三）l.The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men andtheir demands,but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen whichthe employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business nowpassing away.（1996.阅读。Text C）【例句译文】带薪管理公司的职业经理人与工人以及他们需要的关系更加直接，但是就连他也不熟悉工人的个人状况，而这种个人了解却常常存在于现在不断消失的古老家族公司的那种家长制制度下。【例句分析】整个句子由but引导两个转折关系的句子,第一个句子的主干是the paid managerwas in more direct withtheir demands,acting for是现在分词作定语，修饰 manager;第二个句子主干是 even he had.personal knowledge of the workmen.which 引导定语从句修饰familiar personal knowledge,passing aways 是现在分词作定语修饰前面的 old family business.将各种修饰成分与它们所修饰的内容之间的关系搞清楚，那么整句话就更容易理解了.2.Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faithin the beneficence of technological advance.【例句译文】美国人成群结队地涌向这些展览会是为了欣赏新的机器，从而继续对技术进步所带来的便捷保持信心.【例句分析】句子不难，有两个t。引导的目的状语从句。有三个单词值得注意：第一个是flock,动词 作“聚 集；成群而行”讲；第二个是admire,有 钦 佩，欣 赏 之 义；第三个单词renew基本意思是指将陈旧的或年久失修的东西彻底地翻新或使年老的人再次恢复青春活力，即 复 原，更 新 ；也可指T 牛事情从头再来或完成其未完成的东西，即 重新开始 继续。引申还可指 补充 延长的期限 等。3.Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation,the American worker tookreadily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required inmechanical technology.【例句译文】由于这种鼓励技术创新的积极方法，美国工人很容易就掌握了机械技术中要求的那种独特的非语言思维方式。【例句分析】given 是介词，意 为“考虑到，如果”,e.g.Given their inexperience,theyve done theirbest.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经尽力了。take与介词百搭，这里的take to意 为 开 始；从 事；喜 欢；形成的习惯；容易学会.像take、make这种看起来简单实际上复杂的单词的搭配及用法需要考生多总结、多运用。4.The mechanic should sit down among levers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,like a poetamong the letters of the alphabet,considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts,in which anew arrangement transmits a new idea.【例句译文】技工应该坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔子、轮子等工具周围，就像诗人被字母围绕，把它们当做思路的展示,每一个新组合都传达一个新想法。【例句分析】句子的主干是 The mechanic should sit down.,like a.,considering them as.,in which a1,有些考生可能会困惑，considering现在分词引导的状语从句修饰的是the mechanic,还 是a poet.状语从句可以放在句首，也可放在句尾。如果从句提前，那么很明显，修饰的是the mechanic.也可以通过分子主干判断。O2015考研英语长难句解析（四）l .The Aswan Dam,for example,stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertilesilt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that itbarely generates electricity.【例句译文】例 如，阿斯旺大坝阻挡了尼罗河的洪水，但埃及也失去了洪水退去后留下的肥沃淤泥一一这一切换来得是一个使人们疾病丛生的巨大水库。如今水库里积满了淤泥，基本上无法发电。【例句分析】句子的主干是 the Aswan Dam stopped but deprived o stopped 和 deprived是有转折关系的并列成分。that floods left作fertile silt的定语从句。破折号后all in return是省略了 引导词+be的非限制性定语从句即（which was）all in return for。非限制性定语从句中又有which引导的定语从句,which is now.silt修饰a giant reservoir.后面的that构 成so that.的固定搭配。2.This week,in the heart of civilized Europe,Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short ofsending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.【例句译文】本周在文明的欧洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人为了多瑙河上的一处水坝所引起的争端，差一点就派出了部队。【例句分析】stop short of意为 突然停止；未到达，引申义相当于be close to.英语中名词结构应用十分广泛，可与所对应的的名词互换，使行文简洁生动。如本句中的in their contention over就等于 contend over（for）争 夺，斗争”。3.Meanwhile,in India,the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even morewrong-headed Narmada Dam.【例句译文】同 时，世界银行已经贷款给印度建造纳尔达玛大坝，简直是错上加错。【例句分析】这句话中两个单词用的很好，一个是go-ahead.give go-ahead to do sth意为 允许、批准做某事 ，比起allow sb to do sth更加形象生动。另一个是wrong-headed,意为固执己见的,坚持错误的，与go-ahead形 似，前后呼应。4.Think of Gallileos 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church orpoet William Blake s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.（1998.阅读。Text.A）【例句译文】想想十七世纪，伽利略由于叛逆性的信仰受到天主教会的审判，或是诗人威廉姆布莱克对艾萨克牛顿的机械的世界观所提出的尖锐批评。【例句分析】句子的主干是一个祈使句,Think of.Gallileos trial.or William Blakes harshremarksz o f后有两个并列的宾语，宾语后分别跟介词短语for his rebelling和against themechanistic worldview。注意多在作文中灵活运用介词替代重复出现的动词会有很不错的效果哦！2015考研英语长难句解析（五）l .A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached tomany other groups as well,from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remainingstocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.（1998.阅读。Text.A）【例句译文】一项关于1996年的新闻故事的调查 显示，很多其他组织也被贴上了反科学的标签，比如提倡消灭最后一批储存的天花病毒的机构和某些提议削减基础研究资金的共和党人。【例句分析】句子的主干是A survey of reveals that，宾语从句的主干是the anti-science taghas been attached to groups.from to 此处相当于such as,每个例子分别含有一个定语从句who advocated.和who advocated,由and连接表示并列关系。2.They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regardthemselves as more enlightened.（1998.阅读。Text.A）【例句译文】他们只有一点是相同的，就是想惹怒或恐吓那些自认为更文明的人。【例句分析】句子很短，但包含两个从句，that they tend to作the only one thing的同位语从句，同位语从句里又包含一个定语从句who regard themselves.3.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary-the dangers of druginteractions,for example-and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn t clear that theyactually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.（1998.阅读。Text A）【译文】警告往往是恰当且必要的，比如提醒药物反应带来的危险，有些警告也是州法或联邦法律所要求的。但事实上，若使用者受伤，法律条款并没有明确地保护生产商或销售者使其不必承担责任。【析句】整句话的主干是主句+时间状语从句，主句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是they actuallyprotectfrom liability,主句里又包括T if引导的条件状语从句；while引导的时间状语从句中，有两个并列的分句warnings areand many are。破折号中间的内容属于插入语，抓主干时可暂时省略。4.As personal injury claims continue as before,some courts are beginning to side withdefendants zespecially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything.（1998.阅读。Text A）【译文】随着人身伤害起诉案件一如既往地不断增加，一些法庭的判决开始偏向被告，尤其是在商品警告标签可能起不了多大作用的情况下。【析句】整句话由主句some courts are beginning+时间状语从句as personal injury claimsas before构成。其 中，主句更为复杂，又包括一个where引导的定语从句时态虚拟为语气wouldnt havechanged.2015考研英语长难句解析（六）l.At the same time,the American Law Institute-a group of judges Jawyers and academicswhose recommendations carry substantial weight-issued new guidelines for tort law statingthat companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthylist of possible oses.（1999.阅读。Text A）【译文】与此同时，美国法律研究所由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重一一发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。【析句】首先把破折号中间的插入语省略不看，句子的主干是the American Law Institute issuednew guildelines for tort law,stating that.是动名词引导定语从句，可以另写为 which stated.再看插入语中，包含一个whose引导的定语从句。正是各种从句的存在使得整句话显得复杂难解，也是考生在作文中应该借鉴之处。2.1f experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports inthe science journals indicate,then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research toproduce results measurable in dollars and cents.（1999.阅读。Text 5）【译文】如果实验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话，那么对管理层来 说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。【析句】首先抓主干，主干是一个带有条件状语从句的复合句If experiments are planned andcarried.,then it is perfetly logical.o if 条件状语从句中有一个比较结构 as faithfully as thereports.indicate,相比较的成分是 experiments are planned and carried out 和 the reports.indicate,因为动词不同，所以后面不能用do代 替，例 如He runs faster than I do.主句中出现了 it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to expect research to。3.1t is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where theyare going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping oneeye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.（1999.阅读。Text 5）【译文】审计人员也完全有理由相信，确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要在一只眼盯着显微镜时，还要分心用另一只眼睛盯着现金计数器。【析句】因为it此处作形式主语替代不定式引导的主语从句，所以真正的句子主干应该是t。believethat.is entirely reasonable.主语从句中的主干是 scientists should not be distracted by thenecessityregister,后面有while引导的时间状语从句。主语从句里又包含多个从句：who know引导定语从句，修 饰scientists;where goingand howthere是know的宾语从句。长句里包含从句，从句中又包含从句，是英语长句难以理解的主要原因。4.Nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist asthe writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminatingagainst the odd balls“among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who“work wellwith the team.（1999.阅读。Text 5）【译文】如果科学家们做试验和写论文一样步骤规范、遵守要求，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中 思维与众不同的人、喜欢其中思想较为传统的“善于团队合作 的人而受到指责了。【析句】英语复合句中，从句的位置比较灵活，可根据需要放在句前、句中、句后。这里就是从句放在句子的例子，割裂了主句，增加了阅读的困难程度。本句是由一个完全否定的主句nor is managementto be blamed for 和一个条件状语从句组成的 if regularity and conformity are as as（比较结构）构成。主语从句中连续用了三个介词,for表 原因，aganist表反对，in favor of表 支持,要注意英语中介词的应用；thinkers后是who引导的定语从句。2015考研英语长难句解析（七）l .When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the SecondWorld War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industriesunparalleled economies of scale.（2000.阅读。Text A）【例句译文】二战结束后，美国恰好进入了这样一个繁荣时期，它当时的市场是任何竞争者的八倍大，这使得其工业具有前所未有的规模经济。【例句分析】本句是复合句,主 干 是it had a petitor when the United Statesentered。主句里，it指代美国;此处有一个比较结构：倍数+形容词比较级+than+匕徽的对象；逗号后，动名词引导非限制性定语从句，相当于which gived its。2.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had inventedand which sat at the heart of the new computer age,was going to be the next casualty.（2000.阅 读.Text A）【例句译文】人们曾一度以为，半导体制造业会是下一个在海外品牌面前全军覆没的产业，而在新计算机时代居于核心地位的半导体正是美国人发明的.【例句分析】句子的主干是It looked as though.,look与sound、sense等感官动词一起作连系动词,因 此，as though 引导表语从句 the making of semiconductors was going tocasualty.注意两个逗号之间是两个并列的which引导的定语从句修饰the making of semiconductors.3.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balanceat the age of maturity,and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.【例句译文】每出生一百位女婴就约有一百零五位男婴降生，但到成年，这一比例基本持平，七十多岁的老人里，健在的老年女性的数量是老年男性的二倍。【例句分析】这个长句比较简单，是由三个简单句由and.but连 接，形成简单的并列或转折关系，每个简单句中没有增加句子长度的从句。4.This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial yearswhen they are searching for a mate.【例句译文】这意味着到了男孩寻找伴侣的关键年龄将首次出现男孩过剩。【例句分析】这是一个很典型的复合长句,首先抓主干，主句是一个简单句This means that，从句 在mean后是宾语从句；主句没有从句，这意味着不必分析主从；看从从”，宾语从句there will beanyears后有一个when引导的时间状语从句。至 此，基本的逻辑关系就分析清楚了。2015考研英语长难句解析（八）l .The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and number ofoffspring-means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes.【例句译文】今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化，意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中、上层中已经失去了80%的效力。【例句分析】句子的主干是 The grand mediocrity of today means that.（主 句）+the naturalselection（宾语从句），破折号之间是伴随状语；主句和从句中都没有进一步的从句，因此整句话相对来说不难理解。2.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion,it is advisable to find out what itsadvocates are aiming a t,fo r,however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seemtoday,it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.（2000.阅读。Text C）【例句译文】当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因 为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么奉强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。【例句分析】这一复合句的主干包括一个主句it is advisable to find out aiming at和两个从句：时间状语从句whenfashion,原因状语从句for it is possible.。主句中find out后 是what引导的宾语从句，it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式。时间状语从句比较简单，而原因状语从句算得上整句话的难 点，首先因为for与它引导的从句被割裂，必须跳过两个逗号之间的部分将引导词和从句连接起来才能理解这句话的意思；其 次，原因状语从句还带有一个让步状语从句,however farfetchedmay seemtoday,而且为倒装。3.With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever Futuristpoetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it canhardly be classed as Literature.（2000.阅读。Text C【例句译文】然 而，就未来主义派诗歌而言，情况却相当不同了。因为无论未来派诗歌为何物即使承认其理论依据是正确的也很难称其为文学作品。【例句分析】句子的主干是 the case is rather difficult,for it can literature.主句里，with regardt。是介词短语，并非从句，however表示与上文有转折关系。这一长句的难点主要在for引导的原因状语从句中。从句 中，it can hardly.literature是主句，又包含一个让步状语从句whatever Futurist poetrymay be.两个破折号之间是动名词引导的插入语，甚至插入语中也存在一个which引导的定语从句。例2与例1结构相似，都是从句被其他成分割裂，需要考生自己判断整合。4.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes afight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian offic