2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国I卷）英语.pdf

2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国 I 卷）英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry treeswith beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lessonabout the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spotbefore availability and the cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments inWashington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall asyour guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers andlocals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.1Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories aboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tourroute(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart ofWashington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sitesof Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking asyour guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottledwater.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofaevery morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing familieshow to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with thehelp of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,whilepreparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britainpresenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her ownhome,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexicantakeaway restaurant,”she explains.“Ipay 5 for a portion(一份),bur Matt makes2C.Meals.D.Safety lights.them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody canbuy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make thisfood ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in thefootsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how toget value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend timewith a different family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of afamily in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms thefamilys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less3CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recenttimes there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was stillpopulated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their ownpatterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spokeperhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universalcompulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the pastfew decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languagessuch as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of theselanguages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively fewlanguages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spokenby small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guineaalone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people thanthat.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eightremaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of theseseems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.C.They had similar patterns.B.They were large in number.D.They were closely connected.29.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.4C.Powerful.D.Modern.30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.C.About 2,400.B.About 3,400.D.About 1,200.31.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sightof something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our olddevices(装 置)well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for theenvironmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much moreenergy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and hercolleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked theenvironmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals aremined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for howhome energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped bygeneration.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smartphones,andLCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,andsuddenly one day,you have a TV in every roomof the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13in 2007.Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktop mon itors and box TVs withcathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and5contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007,but theresearchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products withnew electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for wordprocessing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewingon tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV.C.The LCD TV.B.The tablet.D.The desktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.C.Upgrade them.第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in everyroom.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps tocreating rooms youll love to live in.Do you want a room thats full of life?6B.Take them apart.D.Recycle them.Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?36,color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to helpdesigners approach this important point.37,they can get a little complex.Butgood news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make aboutcolor in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.38.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors andbaskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring thanpainting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,small colorchoices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tablesor bookshelves.39.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,andthey have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense putinto it are significant.40.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分)第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the educationdepartment was offering a“free”course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I41the idea of taking the class because,after all,who doesnt want to42a few7dollars?More than that,Id always wanted to learn chess.And,even if I werent43enough about free credits,news about our44was appealing enough to me.He wasan international grandmaster,which45I would be learning from one of thegames46.I could hardly wait to47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,andthis48was no game for him;he meant business.In his introduction,he made it49that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to50the class,among othercriteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to51what we would learn inclass to our future professions and,52,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that53and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im still putting to use what he55me:“The absolute most important56that you learn when you play chess is how tomake good57.On every single move you have to58a situation,process whatyour opponent(对手)is doing and59the best move from among all youroptions.”These words still ring true today in my60as a journalist.41.A.put forwardB.jumped at42.A.wasteB.earnC.tried outD.turned downC.saveD.payC.movedD.tiredC.textbookD.instructorC.heldD.meantC.bestD.rarestD.beatD.jobD.possibleD.observeD.compareD.normallyD.experiment43.A.excitedB.worried44.A.titleB.competitor45.A.urgedB.demanded46.A.fastest47.A.interview48.A.chance49.A.real50.A.attend51.A.addB.easiestB.meetC.challengeB.qualificationC.honorB.perfectC.clearC.skipC.applyB.passB.exposeB.naturally52.A.eventually53.A.gameC.directlyC.courseB.presentation854.A.criterion55.A.taught56.A.factB.classroomB.wroteB.stepC.departmentD.situationC.questionedD.promisedC.mannerD.skill57.A.grades58.A.analyze59.A.announce60.A.roleB.decisionsB.describeB.signalB.desireC.impressionsD.commentsD.controlD.evaluateD.behaviorC.rebuildC.blockC.concern第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years61(long)than non-runners.You dont have to run fast or for long62(see)thebenefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of63(die)early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it64(be)more effective at lengthening life65walking,cycling or swimming.Two ofthe authors of the review also made a study published in 201466showed a merefive to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deathsfrom all67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.itsprobably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to68(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and its always69(energy).If you are time poor,youneed run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps weshould all give70a try.第四部分写作（共两节，满分 35 分）第一节短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 l 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。9注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit mygrandparents.I find a big change there.The first time I went there,they were living ina small house with dogs,ducks,and another animals.Last