2023上海高考英语模拟试题.pdf
IL Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Its OK Not to Be OKEvery now and then,you are probably told not to give up when things get difficult.But at whatpoint can we feel that its OK to give up?Sometimes,giving up can be a thoughtful and bravedecision.If you feel like you have the weight of the world on your shoulders and it is holding21 down,find a way to take a break.22(remember)that you can always give up whenyou hit your limit and start over when you feel ready again.Simone Biles,with a 23(combine)total of 32 Olympic and World Championshipmedals,got a case of the“twisties at the Olympics in Tokyo last year.This means that when doingflips(空 翻)or twists,the worlds greatest gymnast had a hard time figuring out 24 the groundwas.So,she told the world she wasnt going to compete 25 she knew her limits.If she hadpushed herself at all costs,she might have ended up with a lifelong injury.Instead,she knew when26(tell)people she wasnt OK.As a four-time Grand Slam winner at the age of 23 the Japanese tennis player Naomi Osaka27(drop)out of the 2021 French Open.She announced that she needed a break 28the spotlight to work on her mental health.In a TIME magazine interview before the Olympics,shesaid,“I do hope that people 29 relate and understand its OK to not be OK,and ifs OK totalk about it.There are people 30 experiences are inspiring,and there is usually light atthe end of any tunnel?*Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used onlyonce.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.justify B.trend C.theory D.restricted E.diversifyingF.obviously G.termed H.climate I.suddenly J.seeking K.evidentThe Lipstick EffectIn 2020,the world was plunged into an economic downturn as the COVID-19 pandemic causedwidespread closures to businesses.Under these circumstances,millions of people 31 foundthemselves facing financial insecurity.During such times of economic hardship,one may naturallyexpect that consumer markets will see a decline in expenditure,as people everywhere feel 32to making only“essential“purchases.However,a curious phenomenon known as the“lipstick effect”can often be observed.The lipstick effect refers to the phenomenon of consumers spending on small luxury goodseven when an economic depression occurs.This phenomenon was 33 the“lipstick effect”in2001 by Leonard Lauder,chairman of luxury cosmetic company Estee Lauder.He had not onlywitnessed the phenomenon at work but also realized that it was especially 34 in the case oflipstick and other cosmetic products.So,how exactly do consumers who are short of cash 35 making such purchases?Firstand perhaps most 36.consumers may simply wish to give themselves treats now and againto provide distractions from their financial insecurity.Another 37 has to do with labourmarkets.Specifically,during the economic depression,job seeking tends to become morecompetitive.Thus,people 38 employment may perceive a need to spend money on certainproducts to improve their physical appearance.By using products such as lipstick,they may feelmore confident during job interviews.Whatever the causes of the lipstick effect,this phenomenon is no short-lived 39.Duringthe global depression of 2007-2009,sales of cosmetic in the United States increased by around 5%.Based on such data,it seems that even in the current insecure economic 40.the luxurycosmetics industry is one that will be sticking around.IILReading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words orphrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the context.The human memory is phenomenally strong.It also has a habit of getting things badly wrong.According to Jonathan Hancock our memory expert,faulty memories can be 41 revealing.Just last week,42 my wife and I were discussing how wed chosen our youngest sonsname.I had a 43 memory of us writing out a list of possible names,but stopping after just afew because wed spotted one we both loved.My wife 44.In her memory,wed had a much longer list,and gone back and chosenone from the middle of the list.So we dug out the piece of paper wed used-and found that wed actually done somethingcompletely 45 to choose Nates name.Memory mistakes happen on a larger scale,too.The Mandela Effect“is when lots of peoplehave confident recollections that turn out to be 46.It was named by researchers who werediscussing their strong memories of Nelson Mandelas death in prison-when he actually lived for23 years after his 47.There are plenty of other examples of this phenomenon.If youre sure that you rememberseeing the Monopoly Man wearing a spyglass,for instance,or hearing a wicked queen say“Mirror,mirror on the wall,youve 48 it yourself(he doesnt,and she says,“Magic mirror on thewall 49).So whats going on?Well,for starters,memory often works by 50、and similar bits ofinformation can overlap in our brains.Were also good at filling in the blanks with details that arelogical but untrue.Whats more,whenever we run through a memory,we make it stronger51 any bits that were wrong.But theres plenty of good news here,too.Everyone misremembers.We shouldnt be too hard on ourselves when we make mistakes.Themental associations that sometimes lead to 52 can also help us to find information otherwisedifficult to locate.If youre 53 with someones name,try thinking of things you associate with them,andsee if your brain gets the push it needs.Discussing your memories is great mental exercise.It highlights strengths and weaknesses,andlets you learn tips from others.54 memories often builds a much more accurate picture.That was certainly true for mywife and me.Make sure to remember that remembering is a creative 55:mind-blowingly powerful,and also likely to make mistakes.exchanging41.A.subsequently B.extremely C.rarely D.instantly42.A.on the contrary B.for example C.in addition D.by theway43.A.faint B.smart C.painful D.vivid44.A.inferred B.hesitated C.confirmed D.disagreed45.A.different B.subjective C.primitive D.contradictory46.A.wrong B.consistent C.substantial D.right47.A.rejection B.release C.imprisonment D.movement48.A.experienced B.witnessed C.anticipated D.spread49.A.though B.finally C.instead D.otherwise50.A.conservation B.separation C.facilitation D.association51.A.excluding B.regarding C.including D.considering52.A.errors B.trials C.facts D.data53 A.competing B.struggling C.corresponding D.54 A.Attaining B.Boosting C.Perceiving D.Comparing55.A.component B.phase C.outcome D.processSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed byseveral questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read.(A)A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expectedto sell for up to half a million pounds at auction.It is believed that the coin was made more than750 years ago,during the rule of the English King Henry III.It is one o f only eight known to exist.Featuring a picture o f King Henry III on one side and a cross and roses on the other,the coinis around 2.5 centimetres across.It was made with gold that came from north Africa.It was foundin September last year by a detectorist(someone who looks for items buried underground using ametal detector)in Hemyock village.The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until heposted a photo o f it on social media,where it was spotted by a history expert.The finder,who doesnt want to be named,was told to take the coin to the British Museum,where it was confirmed that the coin was very rare.According to the law,the finder is allowed tokeep it because its a single coin and not part o f a bigger haul but he has decided to sell it.He toldthe B B C,“The coin was found in an unappealing field and could quite easily have never beenrecovered.Now it is protected for future generations to enjoy.”The coin is especially valuable because it was one o f Englands first gold coins.The countryscoins were made o f silver until King Henry III,who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272,introduced gold ones with his picture on them.Professor David Carpenter at Kings College London,has traced the coin back to a man calledJohn de Hidon,who was the lord of Hemyock Manor.Carpenter thinks the coin may have fallen outo f someones pocket either de Hidon himself or one of his staff.56.The correct order of the events that happened i s.The value o f the coin was confirmed.A coin was unearthed in the field.The coin was on display at the British Museum.The coin was intended for sale.The coin caught the attention of a history expert.A.B.C.D.57.Which of the following aspects is mentioned about the coin?A.Its exhibition.B.Its significance.C.Its preservation.D.Its distribution.58.The underlined word haul”in the third paragraph probably m e a n s.A.stolen or illegal things B.imported goodsC.patented cultural items D.hidden mineral resources59.Which o f the following may be the best title for the news story?A.How to Discover Hidden Treasure B.A Coin Sold for MillionsC.History Miraculously Repeats Itself D.Treasure Hunter Strikes Gold(B)G ifts in W ills cou ld b e the key to protectingthe future of hum an healthOur experience of COVID-19shows how suddenly a globalhealth challenge can appear.As someone interested inscience,you will understandthat while nobody can predictwhat we will face next,wecan be certain that the futurewill bring many nx)re threatsto human health.As Chair of the MedicalResearch Foundation-thecharitable arm of the MedicalResearch Council-1 haveseen the incredible impactthat individuals wtioremember the Foundationin their Wills can have onthe future of our health andwellbeing here in the UK.These gifts fund research andresearchers wtiich can havefar-reaching implications forhuman health.With a gift in your Willyou can play a key role inproviding the science thatwill protect the health offuture generations.Right now,the Foundationis funding researdi to tackleantimicrobial resistance,and investing in researcherslike Dr Myrsjni Kaforou-whowill make the fight againstantimicrobial resistance herlifes work.Without support at the crucialearly stages,researchers likeDr Kaforou can be forced toabandon their passion andleave science altogether,with an immeasurable lossto future human health.Gifts in Wills provide the longterm funding and securitythat allows the Foundationto invest in projects likeDr Kafocous and lay thefoundations for qualityresearch in years to come.Your Will can fund therational response to healthchallenges that medicalscience provides.“As scientists,our duty is tosecure the futureof research forthe generationsthat follow.HProfessor Fiona Watt.Preswtent of the MedicalResearch Foundation andExecutive Chair of the MedicalResearch C o unciWhile we dont know wtiatthe future holds for humanhealth in the UK,we doknow that research,and thebrilliant scientists driving thatresearch forward,are the keyto meeting those challengesfor years to come.But many of these scientistsrely on the generosity andforesight of fellow inembersof the public-people like you,who understand the power ofscience and are willing toleave a gift to medicalresearch in their Wills.At theMedical Research Foundation,over 90%of our voiuntaryincome comes from individualswho choose to include a grft intheir Will-they are crucialin the Foundations abilrtyto fund research that willenable the next generation ofscientists to make real worlddiscoveries in the future.A gift in your Will to theMedical Research Foundationis an excellent investment andwill have a lasting impacton science and on thefuture of human health inthe UK.m edicdkesesrchfounddtion.or9.uk/support.us/w iilsT o request your frt guide to gifts In W ills fiH m ths fo n n a n d re tu rn to F re e p o s t,M E D IC A L R E S E A R C H F O U N D A T IO N.Y o u d o n t n e e d a stam p O R v is itN v iw _M d r a MedicalP o s tc o d e _ ResearchE m a i a d d re s s _ _ Foundation W e would like to contact you from time to time with our latest news Ptease tide here 11(MJLATOR H 丫 are 愉 口 丫 如 值 心 00n1ad 刈 v i aM 械 百 Research Foundation doesno!share your personal informabon.You can unsubsente at any tim e.MedB Research Fotndabcn 6 a chanty registerec m England and Wales Re9 Charity No 1138223)60.What can be learned about the Medical Research Foundation?A.It is a UK-based medical center for rare diseases.B.It is breaking ground in tackling antimicrobial resistance.C.It is famous for training next generations of scientists.D.It is a section of the Medical Research Council.61.If Jenny would like to be kept informed of the work of the Medical Research Foundation viaemail,she s h o u l d.A.fill in the form at the bottomB.scan the QR code on the rightC.click the provided website linkD.send an email to the foundation62.The whole page is devoted t o.A.advocating one charitable agencyB.introducing some brilliant scientistsC.launching an appeal for donationsD.raising awareness of global health challenges(C)Children often learn new languages more easily than adults do,but its unclear why.Sometheorize that grasping a language requires absorbing subtle patterns unconsciously and that adultssuperior conscious reasoning is to blame.New research suggests that,indeed,grown-ups might justbe too smart for their own good.For a recent study in the Journal o f Experimemal PschologN：General、a group of Belgianadults at the same time read and heard strings of four made-up words(such as“kieng nief siet hiem).Specific consonants(辅 音)always appeared at the beginning or end of a word if the wordcontained a certain vowel(元 音).Participants next read the sequences aloud quickly.Their abilityto avoid mistakes doing so indicated how well they absorbed the consonant-vowel patterns.But before exposure to the new words,the participants had carried out a separate test:pressingkeys to react to letters and numbers.Some got a much faster,more mentally draining version of thistest.Those who did the difficult version claimed greater mental exhaustion afterward-but performedbetter on the following language task The researchers assume that tired learners used less consciousanalysis on the word rules:they were free to learn like a child.For a related paper in the Proceedings o f the Naticmal Academy o f Sciences USA、the researchteam had English-speaking adults listen to streams of syllables（音 节）secretly grouped into three-syllable“words.Later,they played pairs of three-syllable units;one word in the pair came fromthe stream,and one was a new combination.The participants guessed which word was familiar,thenrated their confidence.In one participant group,some h
