《大学英语(高起本)3》练习题.pdf

大学英语（高起本）3练习题第一部分Part I.Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are some passages in this part.Each passage is followed byseveral questions.For each question there are four choices marked A,B,C and D,You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.PART ONEPassage 1Most of the big towns in Eastern Europe have seen a large increase inpopulation over the last 30 years.This has caused extreme housing shortages,and thevast majority of people living in towns rent flats.By western standards,the flats arerather small,with a family of four living in two-or three-room flat with kitchen orbathroom.But compared with Western Europe,the rents are extremely low.An Eastern European spends on average about 5 percent of his income on rentand about 15 percent on total housing costs,including fuel and furniture.In WesternEurope,the average worker spends at least 20 percent of his income on rent andheating cost.On the other hand,the Eastern European spends a higher percentage ofhis income on food.Whereas basic items such as bread are very cheap,other thingslike meat and coffee are extremely expensive.Caring for people is one area where the states of Eastern Europe are far inadvance of other parts of the world.Most medical and social services are providedfree,and in some countries workers do not even have to make contributions to thehealth and insurance funds,since these contributions are made by the employer.Thefactory in Eastern Europe provides many facilities and services which are not suppliedin Western Europe.Moreover,Eastern Europe does not suffer from one of the majorproblems of Western Europes economy-unemployment.All the constitutions ofthe individual countries state that every citizen has a right and duty to work.1.The serious housing shortage in big towns of Eastern Europe have been causedmainly by.A.small flatsB.extremely low rentsB.an increase in populationD.two-or three-room flats with kitchen or bathroom2.According to the passage,the rents in Western E u r o p e.A.are rather highB.are extremely lowC.are almost the same as those in Eastern EuropeD.are comparatively lower.3.The average worker in Eastern Europe s p e n d s.A.a much higher percentage of his income on total housing costsB.20 percent of his income on rent and total housing costs.C.a large part of his income on food.D.only a small part of his income on meat and coffee.4.The worker in some Eastern European states enjoy better medical and socialservices b e c a u s e.A.they dont have to pay very much for health and insurance funds.B.it is their employers who pay for their health and insurance funds.C.they need to pay only a little for health and insurance funds.D.they are provided with many facilities and services.5.Which of the following is not true?A.Eastern Europe is free from unemployment.B.All the constitutions of Eastern Europe state that all citizens have a rightand a duty to work.C.Unemployment is one of the major problems in Western Europe.D.Western Europe does not suffer from one of the serious problems ofEastern Europes economy.Passage 2Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on peoplesattitudes and behavior.Experiments have proved that in noisy situations(eventemporary ones),people behave more irritably and less cooperatively;in morepermanent noisy situations,many people cannot work hard,and they suffer fromsevere anxiety as well as other psychological problems.However,psychologists distinguish between“sound”and noise”.“Sound”ismeasured physically in decibels.Noise“cannot be measured in the same waybecause it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of“intensity”depends on the situation.Thus,for passengers at an airport who expect to hearaeroplanes taking off and landing,there may be a lot of sound,but not much noise(that is,they are not bothered by the noise).By contrast,if you are at a concert andtwo people behind you are whispering,you feel they are talking noisily even if thereis not much sound.You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically.Both sound and noise can have negative effects,but what is most important isif the person has control over the sound.People walking down the street withearphones,listening to music that they enjoy,are receiving a lot of decibels of sound,but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control.On the other hand,people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have nocontrol over.It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people livemore happily.6.According to the selection,p e o p l e.A.can not work better in a noisy situationB.will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollution.C.can be psychologically affected by working in very noisy factories.D.may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding.7.“Sound，as defined by p s y c h o lo g is ts,.A.can be measured in the same way that“noise is measuredB.may be extremely harmful to healthC.is not at all different from“noise.D.can be measured by machines.8.People waiting at an a i r p o r t.A.enjoy hearing aeroplanes taking off and landing.B.are usually not troubled by the noise.C.can easily tell sound from noiseD.are often physically affected by the noise.9.People enjoy listening to mu s i c.A.though,in fact,they are receiving a lot of decibels of sound.B.because it does not have any negative effect.C.because they do not have to tolerate the noise around them.D.even though it is sometimes unpleasant hearing strange sounds.10.We can conclude from the passage that we need to control noise pollution ifA.we want to stay both psychologically and physically healthy.B.we dont want to be physically deaf.C.we want to cooperate well.D.we dont want to be anxious.Passage 3Ever since William Harvey defined an animafs heart as“the sovereign ofeverything within them,the sum of their microcosm,in De Motu Cordis in 1628,theheart has been one of the most widely studied organs of the body and fortunatelyso,given that heart disease is the worlds leading cause of death.Each year,around 8 million people die from heart attacks and many millions moresuffer from,and eventually succumb to,heart diseases such as congestive heart failureand arrhythmia（心律不齐）.Global figures are rising,yet calculations suggest thatthis number could be slashed by around 50 per cent if smoking were removed fromthe equation.However,decreases would be offset to some degree as the worldspopulation ages,diets become more fat-laden and lifestyles more sedentary（久坐的）,as all these factors are harmful to a healthy heart.Although scientific study of the heart began four centuries ago,the past fewdecades have seen a paradigm（范例J）shift in research.We are now able to monitorthe process of contraction and relaxation that underlies the gross function of the heartat close quarters by tracking the movement of calcium（钙）and other ions（离子）within myocytes（肌 细 月 包）.And genetic information is used in trial heart gene therapy.As with all diseases,understanding the processes involved at the molecular andgenetic level is enabling us to make inroads in preventing and treating heart disease.11.If there is no one smoking,people suffering from heart diseases can be reducedA.by about one fourthC.by about halfB.by about one thirdsD.to none12.According to the p a s s a g e,i s harmful to our hearts.A.drinking coffee B.long-time sittingC.living a mobile life D.not eating regular meals13.Scientific study of the hear t.A.began a few decades agoB.began before Harveys timeC.is different from what it used to beD.focuses on the ageing problem of the society14.At the molecular level,researchers study the hear t.A.by tracking the movement of calcium and other ions within myocytesB.by monitoring the process of contraction and relaxation of the heartC.by doing trial heart gene therapyD.by observing the heart beat of the subjects15.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Smoking used to be the only factor contributing to heart diseases.B.Eating too much fat is not good fbr your heart.C.Heart is one of the most widely studied organs of the body.D.Heart disease has caused many deaths.PART TWOPassage 1Anini holds the singular distinction in India of being the only district capitalwithout an all-weather road providing basic transportation.Now,in what is believedto be the most remote cyber center in all of India,a new state-of-the-art computercenter has put Anini on the information superhighway.The facility is one of 487 free community information centers that theGovernment of India has been installing throughout northeastern India.The US$75million project,which has wide political support,is part of a plan by the Ministry ofInformation Technology to bridge the digital divide in isolated comers of this vastnation,which is about a third as large as the United States and has slightly more thana billion people,a population second only to Chinas.People in the region hail thecomputer center as the first step in what they hope will be a permanent road linkingthem with the outside world.Until recently,there was no road at all leading in and out of Anini.The sixPentium computers and accessories provided for the new community informationcenter had to be transported on elephant back.About a year ago,the federalgovernments Border Roads Organization opened part of a 228-kilometer(141-mile)road that,when finished,will extend from Anini to the nearest road link,at Roeing.Much as its needed,the new unpaved road is only a start.1.Which description of Anini is true according to the passage?A.It is the only district capital in India.B.It boasts the best computer center in the world.C.It has the largest population in India.D.It has very bad transportation conditions.2.Anini got its new computer cent er.A.because of its important geographic situationB.thanks to political supportC.because of its poor conditionsD.to facilitate the national election3.The new computer cent er.A.is warmly welcomed by the localsB.is the only one in northeastern IndiaC.helps solve the problem of transportation in AniniD.will be finished soon4.The computers and a c c e s s o r i e s.A.were carried to Anini by elephantsB.are second-handed onesC.were transported to Anini by camelD.are denoted by the U.S.5.The 141-mile road.A.has not been finishedB.makes it convenient to transport the computers and accessoriesC.will be the first road in AniniD.is sponsored by the Ministry of Information TechnologyPassage 2Its very necessary for Canada to set up effective transportation system because ofits enormous size with its sparsely populated distribution.It is also very difficult tomake transportation construction on the surface of the country due to its harsh longwinter and its mountainous terrain.Its really amazing for this country to set up atranscontinental railroad since last century.Until 1990,the route length was more than86,880 kilometers.Most of the countrys freight are transported by Canadian NationalRailway and Canadian Pacific Railway.But nowadays fewer and fewer people travelby train.Water transportation was very important before railway construction.Althoughpassenger travel by water is less important than before,waterways remain importantfor cargo transporting.Waterways include lakes,rivers and sea coastlines.One of themost significant water transportation system is St.Lawrence seaway from the AtlanticOcean to the west of Lake Superior.Because of the increasing number of automobiles,Canadas road transportationdevelops very quickly.In 1991,road length has been more than 849,400 kilometers.Road system is becoming more and more important.Trucks carry nearly half of thetotal freight transported in Canada.Early in 1962,Canada had Trans-Canada Highwaywith the length of more than 7.7 kilometers,extending from St.Johns,NewBrunswick to Victoria,British Columbia.With the development of transportation,airplanes became another necessaryvehicles since aeroplanes could be the only access to some areas of the far northernregion.Canadian transportation system develops very quickly with the increasinglyadvanced science and technology.The aim of the transportation is to use substitutefuels and to produce more efficient transportation facilities.6.Despite its,Canada now boasts a transcontinentalrailroad.A.sparsely populated areas B.abundant natural resourcesC.large acre of desert D.harsh long winter7.Nowadays,the Canadian railway is mainly used to.A.transport freight B.carry passengersC.carry tourists D.transport soldiers8.Nearly 50%of the total freight transported in Canada is accomplished byA.trains B.carsC.trucks D.ships9.Airplanes are important in transportation in Ca n a d a.A.because they can fly very highB.because they can carry larger freight to the destination within shorter timeC.because they are the newest form of transportD.because they can go to some areas that cannot be reached by other transports10.The passage is mainly about.A.the history of Canadian transportationB.the different forms of transport in CanadaC.the condition of transportation in CanadaD.the advancement of Canadian transportationPassage 3Students graduating from colleges today are not fully prepared to deal with the“real world”.It is my belief that college students need to be taught more skills andinformation to enable them to meet the challenges that face everyone in daily life.Theareas in which students need training are playing the credit game,planning theirpersonal financial strategy,and consumer awareness.Learning how to obtain and use credit is probably the most valuable knowledge ayoung person can have.Credit is a dangerous tool that can be of tremendous help if itis handed with caution.Having credit can enable people to obtain material necessitiesbefore they have the money to purchase them outright.But unfortunately,many,manyyoung people get carried away with their handy plastic credit cards and awake oneday to find they are in serious financial debt.Learning how to use credit properly canbe a very difficult and painful lesson indeed.Of equal importance is learning how to plan a personal budget.People have toknow how to control money;otherwise,it can control them.Students should leavecollege knowing how to allocate their money for living expenses,insurance,savings,and so forth in order to avoid the Oh,no!Im flat broke and I dont get paid again fortwo weeks!”anxiety syndrome.Along with learning about credit and personal financial planning,graduatingcollege students should be trained as consumers.The consumer market today isflooded with a variety of products and services of varying quality and prices.A youngperson entering the“real world“is suddenly faced with difficult decisions aboutwhich product to buy or whose services to engage.He is usually unaware of suchthings as return policies,guarantees,or repair procedures.Information of this sort isvital knowledge to everyday living.For a newly graduated college student,the“real world can be a sca