人教版高一英语必修一 Unit2知识点梳理及练习（带解析）.pdf

人教版高一英语必修一 Unit2知识点梳理及练习（带解析）1.重点词汇official a d j官方的.正式的.公务的voyage n 航行.航海conquer征服.占领because of 因为native本国的；本 地 的 n 本 地 人.本 国 人 come u p 走近，上来.提出actually实际上，事实上base根 据 n 基部；基地，墓础at present现在；目前gradual逐渐的.逐步的enrich使富裕；充实，改善vocabulary词汇.词汇量.词表make use o f 利用 使用latter较后的后平的;（两者中）后 者 的.fluent流利的.流畅的frequent a d j频繁的.常 见的usage使用用法.词语惯用法command命令；指令；掌握request请求；要求dialect 方言expression 词语；表示表达midwestern中西部的.有中西部特性的African a d j非洲的：非洲人的；非洲语言的playa part（in）扮演个角色：参与2.短语归纳1.不只有一种英语 more than one kind of English2.在一些重要方面 in some important ways3.彼此不同 be different from one another4.与现代英语不同 be different from modern/present day English5.世界英语 world Englishes6.起着的重要作用 play an important role/part7.起着越来越重要的作用 play a more and more/an increasingly important part/role8.因为它特殊的作用 because of its special role9.国际语言 an international language10.在 16 世纪末 at the end of the 16 th century11.在 17 世纪初 at the beginning of the 17 th century12.在 20 世纪前期 in the early 20 th century13.比以往任何时候都than ever before14.即使 even if/even though15.以德语为基础be based on German16.使用更大的词汇量 make use of a wider vocabulary17.它自己的特色its own identity18.众多讲英语的人 a very large number of English speakers19.学英语的人数 ihe number of people learning English20.迅速增长 increase rapidly21.标准英语 standard English22.信不信由你 believe it or not23.讲最好的英语 speak excellent English24.相邻的城镇 neighboring towns25.从一个地方搬到另一个地方 move from one place to another26.充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects27.目前的形势 present situation28.国 际组织 an international organization29.词汇与惯用法 vocabulary and usage30.辨认出他的口音 recognize his accent31.中西部地区的方言midwestern dialect(s)32.发出命令 give commands33.提出客气的请求make a polite request要 点 提 炼 Section A重要词语辨析1.voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【解释】voyage:去国外或较远地方的海上旅行Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942.journey:指较远的从一地到另一地旅行，距离较远，多指陆地They will make a journey to Beijing by train.travel:一系列的旅程，泛指旅游We had six days travel by car.t r i p:(短途)旅行The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall.tour:为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行We will make a tour of Hainan next week.【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).It is tiring to take a long by train from Paris to Moscow.2).The from England to Australia used to take several months.3).Well have time for a to France next weekend.4).We went on a guided round the castle.答案：1).journey 2).voyage 3).trip 4).tour2.recognize/realize/know(l)recognize指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。(2)realize强调在经过一个过程后的了解。(3)know是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、卜分了解 应用 l(l)Only after you lose your health will you the importance of health.(2)Ive Tom for years.(3)1 him as soon as he came into the room答案：recognize known realised3.such as/for example/that is/and so on(l)such a s 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可 与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用thatis 或 namely o(2)forexample主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)that i s 相 当 于 nam ely,它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)and so o n 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用.and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。应用 2(l)My daughter studies four subjects in school,Chinese,maths,English andP.E.(2)Overcooking(烹饪过度),destroys many nutrients(营养素).(3)He can speak some other l a n g u a g e s,F r e n c h and German.(4)There are some books,pens,erasers in my bag.答案 that is for example such as and so on4.especially/specially【解释】especially意思是“尤其，特别，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要specially指为了某一目的，专门做某事【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).Our city is very b e a u t i f u l,i n spring.我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。2).He came here to ask you for help.他是专程来这里向你求助的。答案：1).especially 2).specially5.a number of/the number of【解释】a number o f意思是“若干;许多“the number o f意思是.的数目”【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).Today people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.2).books in the market are in English.答案：1).the number of 2).A number of重要词性变化1.actual ad j.实际的actually adv.实际上；事实上2.base n.基地;基础base v.以.为根据basic ad j.基本的3.east n.东方eastern ad j.东方的；东部的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)What did he_ say?(actual)2)The_ cost was much higher than we had expected,(actual)3)My knowledge of physics is pretty_.(base)4)She used her familys history as a _for her novel,(base)重点词汇，短语，句式5)This novel is_6)He is interested in on historical facts,(base)customs,(determine)7)The wind is blowing from the.(determine)答案：1)actually5)based2)actual6)eastern3)basic7)east4)base1.official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees.你得获得官方批准才可以砍伐这些树。There will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件事进行正式调查。2.voyage n.航行；航海；航天The voyage from America to France used to take two months.从美国到法国的航行通常要花 2 个月的时间。例题：他们要进行横越大西洋的航行。They want to across the Atlantic.从水手辛伯达的几次旅行中，他学会了很多关于大海的知识。From of the sailor Sinbad,he knew a lot about the sea.答案：make a voyage the voyages3.native adj.本国的；本土的 n.本地人，本国人The women are native people.这些妇女是本地人。Finally,she returned to her native land.她最后返回了她的祖国。The panda is a native of China.熊猫原产于中国。be native t o 意 为（动植物）是特有的，原产于The tiger is native to India,这种虎产于印度。4.actually adv.实际上；事 实 上（相当于 in fact/as a matter of fact）He looked calm,but actually he was very nervous.他看起来很镇定，实际上却非常紧张。Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film.Actually,I think I will just go to bed.或许我会熬夜看这部电影，不过我想我还是去睡觉吧。5.base v t.以为基础 n.基础；基地；I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把希望寄托在我们昨天的得到的好消息上。This provides a good base for the development of new techniques.这为新技术的发展奠定了良好的基础。base sth on s th 以某事物为另一事物的根据或基础y be base o n以为基础on the base o f.以为基础I an air base空军基地The story is based on facts.这个故事是以事实为基础的。One should always base one飞opinions on facts.一 个 人 的观点应该以事实为基础。6.adual adi逐渐的,逐步的-raduaHy adv逐渐地,逐步地Things gradually improved.情况已经渐渐地改善。gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother.他对待继母的态度正在逐渐改变。7.latter adj.较后的；后半的；后者的She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life.在她的后半生，她过的很辛苦。【注意】the latter(已提到的两者中的)后者，通常与the former(前者)相对应They are two choices for us.Many boys support the farmer,but I favour the latter.注意区分later后来8.frequent adj.频繁的；常见的His visit became less frequent as time passed.随时时间的流逝，他渐渐不常登门了。frequently adv.常常；频繁的Buses run frequently from the city to the airport.公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场。词 组 1.because o f 因为；由于 典例 1).They are here because of u s.他们是因为我们来这里的。短语归纳because o f 是复合介词。because是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。练习(1)He came late to school agai n he got up too late.(2)The girl cried what the teacher said.(3)we have to cancel our trip the bad weather.because o f的近义词组r thanks t o 因为；由于as a result o f 由于的原因4 by reason of 因为due t o 因为，由于owing to 归功于.Thanks to his help,I finished the task on time.多亏了他的帮助，我按时完后了任务。I had to stay at home due to the weathe匚由于天气原因我只能呆在家里。eup走近；上来；提出 典例1).The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。3).It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。5).I am afraid something urgent has come up.恐怕发生了什么急事。短语归纳come across邂逅 偶遇come about 发生come a t向扑来，攻击J come from 来 自come o u t出版;开花；结果是come up with 想come true 实现come down下来；传承 练习用 come构成的词组填空。1).The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear him.2).The magazine once a month.3).I wish you can to England on your holiday.4).The engineers has new ways of saving energy.5).They an old school friend in the street this morning.答案：1).came at 2).comes out 3).come over 4).come up with 5).came across3.at present 现在，目前1.present n.礼物ad j.在场的；目前的v t.赠送 典例1).The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2).I am afraid I cant help you at present.恐怕现在我没法帮助你。3).In the present case,I advise you to w ait.按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。I am afraid I cant help you just at present I am too basy.恐怕现在我帮不 了你，我太忙 了。重点用法 at present=at the present time=now|-|前，现在J be present at 出席；到场(反义：be absent from)I present sb.with sth=present sth.to sb.把某物送给某人He doesnt know how to deal with the present problem.他不知道则呢么应对当前的局势。The people present at the meeting are advanced workers.出席会议的人都是先进工作者。练习中译英1).所有(那些)在场者一眼就看出那个错误。2).这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。答案：1).The mistake was obvious to all(those)present.2).This book was a present from my brother.4.make use o f 利用；使用 典例1).You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English.你应该好好利用机会练习英语。use前可加形容词，表示不同程度的利用。短语归纳make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用make the best/most of 充分利用use u p 用尽，耗尽You are not making the best(use)of your talents.你并没有充分发挥你的才能。练习1).要充分利用一切机会说英语。2).我们要很好地发挥她的才能。答案：1).Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.2).We will make good use of her talents.5.such as例如；像这种的1).Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry.有些诗人，如济慈和雪莱，写的是浪漫主义的诗歌2).Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了关于 such as for example that is and so on 见辨析 练习用 such as或 for example填空1).I like drinks tea and soda.2).The report is incomplete;it doesnt include sales in Fr a n c e,.答案：1)such as 2).For example句 型 LWhy not go by underground?为什么不坐地铁去呢？Why not+V原 句式，表示提出建议或对某些建议表示同意。=why dont you/we do.?2.Which country do you think has the most English learners?解释 本句包含一个结构，疑问词+do you 由ink/believe/expect/find/know/suppose/suggest+陈述句 此结构又称为双重疑问句，用来征询对某一观点的看法，判断，认识，猜测和请求,表疑问的插入语又起到主句的作用，所以其后一定要用陈述句语序。注意：如果插入语是do you suggest/expect时，句中的谓语动词应用shouki+动词原形What time do you expect we will come and pick you u p?你希望我们几点来接你？What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news?你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？Why do you think their team could win the football match?你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？3.Today,more people speak English as their first,second or a foreign language than ever区瓜.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或者外语。解释 than ever before常与比较级连用，意为“比 以 往 任 何 时 候 更 如：The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky,and the night was more beautiful than everbefore.繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。练习中译英1).简看起来比以前漂亮多了。2).雨下得比以前更大。答案：1).Jane looks much prettier than ever before.2).Its raining harder than ever before.【拓展】：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有although,though,no matter when/what.,whenever,wherever,however 等等。(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。Even though you achieve great success in your work,you should not be conceited.即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。Whatever you do,do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。However hot it is,he wont take off his hat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。Girl as she is,she can go alone in the darkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢个人走夜路。即境活用 1 （2007浙江）Many of them turned a deaf ear to his a d v i c e,t h e y knew it tobe valuable.A.as if B.now that C.even though D.so that解 析:even though=even if“即使”,引导让步状语从句。答案：C（本质还是连接词）4.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kindof English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相理解。句中even i f 是连接词组，用来引导一个让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管 相当于even thoughWe wouldnt buy the car even if we could afford it.即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不会买这辆车。【注意】此句型主将从现的用法We will visit the museum even though/if it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨我们也要去参观这家博物馆。5.At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very differentfrom the English today.首先，大约在公园450年 到 1150年间，英国人所说的英语与今天所说的英语很不不一样。本句中两个English后面都跟了过去分词spoken做后置定语，相当于定语从句which/thatis/was spoken,过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun?The building built there is our lab.【注意】过去分词作定语的时候，单个的分词作定语的时候，一般位于其修饰的名词前；分词短语作定语，-般位于其修饰你的名词之后，被过去分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语，该分词与被修饰词之间存在动宾关系。The stolen car was found by the police last week.警察上周找到了那辆失窃的车。Section B 重点词汇，短语，句式1.usage n.使用；用法；词语惯用法Its not a word in common usage.这不是一个常用词。Car usage is predicted to increase.汽车的使用频率预计会增长。【辨析】use和 usage作为名词，两者都有“使用”之意，但是用法略有不同。Usage做“用法”讲的时候，侧重某物的使用方法或惯用法，做“使用，利用”的时候，侧重于事物的使用频率。use做名词用时，意为“用，使用，得到利用、强调的是某物“被使用的事实或状态”。current English usage当代英语惯用法land usage 土地的利用I am not sure that is the most valuable use of my tim e.我不能肯定我的时间这样安排是最有价值的。【例题】I dont know the of the word.The church was built in the twelfth century and is still in today.usage mand n.&v.命令；指令；掌握1).The officer commanded his soldiers to f ir e.那名军官命令士兵们开火。重点用法command sb.to do sth 命令某人做某事be under the command of 由.指挥，由.控制be at ones command听任某人支配in command of 控制.have/take command of.指挥.特别提醒command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气should(not)+动词原形，should用省略The general commanded that we(should)attack at once.将军命令我们立即进攻。练习用适当的介词填空1).For the first time in years,she felt command of her life.2).The army is the kings direct command.3).The police arrived and took command the situation.答案：1).in 2).under 3).of重点句型：It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native English speaker对于中国人来说，把英语讲的像以英语为母语的人那样是很不容易的。本句中含有一个 It+be+形容词/名词+for sb to do sth 句型。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，介词for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。It is not easy for her to solve the problem by herself.对于她而言，独自解决这个问题不容易。It will be a mistake for you not to do your homework.不做作业对你来说是个错误。【注意】该句式中的形容词若是 kind,good,nice,clever,silly,wrong,right,stupid,rude,impolite,等表示主观情感和态度的词时，后面的介词我们用o f而不用for。It is kind of you to think so much for us.=You are kind to think much of us.你能为我们想这么多真实太好了。If you use“flat”instead of“apartment，people in America will know you have learntBritish English如果你用“flat”而不是“apartment”,美国人会认为你学的英式英语。本句中含有一个instead。产句式，意为“替代，而不是 后面接介词短语，名词或者动名词。We just had soup instead of a full meal.我们没有吃全餐，只喝了汤。Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。Section C 重点词汇，短语，句式l.expression n.词语；表达；表示；表情He looked at me without expression.他毫无表情地看着我。Do you know that expression?你知道这个表达吗？2.recognize vt.辨 认出;承认；公认 典例1).I recognized her by her red h at.我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。2).Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir.大家都承认他为合法继承人。重点用法recognize.by s th 认出或识别某人/某事物be recognize.as s th 被承认某人/某事物是recognize.to be 承认.是recognize+宾语从句意识到；承认 练习中 译 英 1).人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。2).我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。答案：1).He is recognized to be their natural leader.2).I recognized him as my friends brother.3.straight adj.笔直的;正 直 的 adv.直接；挺直 典例1).This is a straight road.这是一条直路。2).She went straight from school to university.她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。练习 中译英1).我的领带系得正不正?2).一直往前看。答案：1).Is my tie straight?2).Look straight ahead.4.block v t.堵塞；阻碍n.街区；木块；石柒 典例 1).He lives three blocks away from here.他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.2).A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits.人群把走廊和出 口 都堵死了 重点用法a block of 一大块 block o u t堵住 block o ff封锁；封闭 block u p 堵塞；阻碍 练习中译英1).他们在绕楼群散步。2).大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。答案:1).They are taking a walk round the block.2).Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland重点词组l.play a part(in)扮演一个角色；参与 典例 1).She plays an active part in local politics.她积极参与地方政治活动。2).She played a major part in the success of the scheme.她对该计划的成功起了 重要作用。翻译：中国在当今世界扮演着重要的角色。China is playing an important part/role _in the world today.短语归纳take part(in sth)参加,参与(某事物for the most p art整体上；通常；多半the best part of sth(某事物的)绝大部分(尤指一段时间)for my part就我来说 练习中译英1).有多少国家要参加(世界杯赛)？2).对我来说,到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。答案：1).How many countries will be taking part(in the World Cup)?2).For my part,I dont mind where we eat.其他短语2.ever before 从 前3.even if/though 即使4.over t im e长期以来5.in the early days 在早期6.Believe it or not 信不信由你7.a number of+N.许多,大量.作主语时，谓语用复数.the number of+N.的数量.作主语时，谓语用单数A number of people have read this novel.The number of people here is 50.重点句型 1.Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。(l)believeitornot信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。(2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such 与 all,no,some,any,few,little,many,much,several,o n e等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。Believe it or not,he refused to accept our offer.信不信由你