2021年福建省高考英语总复习：阅读理解.pdf
2021年福建省高考英语总复习：阅读理解1.The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years.In 1721,the printerJames Franklin,Benjamins older brother,started the New England Courant,and that waswhat we might recognize today as a real newspaper.He filled his paper with stories ofadventure,articles on art,on famous people,and on all sorts of political subjects.Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin*s Courant,few believe that newspapersin their present printed from will remain alive for long.Newspaper companies are losingadvertisers（广告 商），readers,market value,and in some cases,their sense of purposeat a speed that would not have been imaginable just several years ago.The chief editorC 主编）of the Times said recently,“At places where they gather,editors ask one another,How areyou?as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case.An article about thenewspaper appeared on the website of the Guandian,under the headline NOT DEAD YET.”Perhaps not,but the rise of the Internet,which has made the daily newspaper look slowand out of step with the world,has brought about a real sense of death.Some Americannewspapers have lost 42%of their market value in the past three years.The New York TimesCompany has seen its stock（股票）drop by 54%since the end of 2004,with much of the losscoming in the past year.A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stock-holders sell offtheir Times stock.The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changingpart of its business to education；its testing and test-preparation service now brings in atleast half the companys income.（1）What can we learn about the New England Courant?BA.It is mainly about the stock market.B.It marks the beginning of the American newspaper.C.It remains a successful newspaper in America.D.It carries articles by political leaders.（2）What can we infer about the newspaper editors?DA.They often accept readers suggestions.B.They care a lot about each others health.第1页 共4 6页C.They stop doing business with advertisers.D.They face great difficulties in their business.(3)Which of the following found a new way for its development?AA.The Washington Post.B.The Guardian.C.The New York Times.D.New England Courant.(4)How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers?CA.Satisfied.B.Hopeful.C.Worried.D.Surprised.【解答】(1)B.细节理解题。根据文章第一段 In 1721,the printer James Franklin,Benjamins older brother,started the New England Courant,and that was what we mightrecognize today as a real newspaper.(1721年，印刷工詹姆斯富兰克林，本杰明的哥哥，创 办 了 新英格兰新闻报，这就是我们今天可能认识到的真正的报纸。)”可知，新英格兰新闻报标志着美国报纸的开始。故选B.(2)D.推理判断题。通过全文可知旨在说明报纸存在危机.尤其是文章第二段的编辑之间的谈话部分。可以推断出报纸编辑在工作中面临很大困难。故选D.(3)A.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段The Washington Post Company has prevented ihetrouble only by changing part of its business to education；its testing and test-preparationservice now brings in at least half the companys income.(华盛顿邮报只是通过将部分业务转向教育，才避免了这种麻烦；它的考试和备考服务现在为公司带来了至少一半的收入。)”可知，华盛顿邮报为它的发展找到了新的途径答案。故选A.(4)C.情感态度题。根据最后一段的句子 Perhaps not,but the rise of the Internet which hasmade the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world,has brought about a realsense of death.”网络的出现使得报纸看起来滞后，跟不上时代的步伐，引发了一种真正的死亡感，可知作者对于报纸行业的前景还是比较担心的。A.Satisfied满意的；B.Hopeful有希望的；C.Worried担心的；D.Surprised惊讶的。故选C.2.The world food safety could be in danger because of a number of food production shocks()中第2页 共4 6页击）according to an Australian stud.The researchers from the University of Tasmania found that there were 226 shocks in thearea of food production across 134 nations and the frequency has been increasing over the past50 years.According to Cottrell,a researcher from the University of Tasmania,the main causesbehind the shocks are different.For crops,extreme weather events such as floods and no rainfor a long time play the biggest part.Weather also plays a role in livestock（家畜）production,but disease plays a bigger role.Disease also leads to aquaculture（水产业）shocks,whilein the ocean most of the food shocks are caused by overfishing.When we look at the food production systems,covering crops,livestock,fisheriesand aquaculture,“Cottrell said,we find that crops and livestock are more easily affectedthan aquaculture.And some countries in South Asia are more frequently affected thanothers.The effects of production shocks reached far away from where they happened.When onemeans of food production is greatly reduced,it will cause unexpected results.The India gota lot of food production shocks in crops and livestock,largely because of floods,Cottrellexplained.If countries like India are shocked and the rice production is much smaller,theyllprobably send less goods to another country.And that shock suddenly starts to affect all thetrade partners of the major producers as well.”According to what Cottrell said,while the international community faces a greatchallenge to these problems,steps taken now can help fight against unexpected shocks in thefuture.This can be done through measures such as food store systems so that they are betterable to deal with the effect which is caused by problems such as climate change.said Cottrell.（1）What do we know about food production shocks?AA.Their causes are different in different production areas.B.Some diseases are the main cause.C.Extreme weather is the biggest shock.D.Overfishing is the main cause.（2）Which of the following is more frequently affected according to Cottrell?D第3页 共4 6页A.Livestock in AustraliaB.Crops in AustralianC.Fisheries in IndiaD.Livestock in South Asia(3)Why does the writer mention Indian food production shocks?BA.To show India sell a lot of crops to other countries.B.To show the shocks can cause unexpected results.C.To show Indian shocks are more often.D.To show India has a lot of flood.(4)What can be a suitable title for the text?CA.Results Caused by the Problem of Global Food SafetyB.Measures Solving the Problem of Global Food SafetyC.Production Shocks Threatening Global Food SafetyD.The Importance of Global Food Safety【解答】(1)A.细节理解题。根据第三段 According to Cottrell,a researcher from theUniversity of Tasmania,the main causes behind the shocks are differenl.根据塔斯马尼亚大学研究员科特雷尔的说法，这些冲击背后的主要原因是不同的.可知粮食生产冲击其原因在不同的生产地区是不同的。故选A.(2)D.细节理解题。根据第四段we find that crops and livestock are more easily affectedthan aquaculture.And some countries in South Asia are more frequently affected than others 我们发现，作物和牲畜比水产养殖更容易受到影响。南亚的一些国家比其他国家更容易受到影响、可知南亚的家畜更容易受到影响。故选D.(3)B.细节理解题。根据第五段If countries like India are shocked and the rice productionis much smaller,theyll probably send less goods to another country.And that shock suddenlystarts to affect all the trade partners of the major producers as well 如果像印度这样的国家受到冲击，大米产量减少，他们可能会减少出口到其他国家的货物。这种冲击也突然开始影响主要生产国的所有贸易伙伴 可知作者提到印度的粮食生产冲击以表明电击会导致意想不到的结果，故选B.(4)C.标题归纳题。根据第一段 The world food safety could be in danger because of anumber of food production shocks(冲击)，according to an Australian study.”澳大利亚一项第4页 共4 6页研究显示，由于一些食品生产冲击，世界食品安全可能面临危险。可知 Production ShocksThreatening Global Food Safety生产冲击威胁着全球食品安全”是本文最好的题目。故选C.3.Heads up!Across the country,sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.Now,the American Medical Association(AMA)has a new set of guidelines aimed at protectingplayers from the danger of concussions-serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring thatthe appropriate guidelines are in place,we can reduce the number of young athletes who mayreturn to the game too soon,which can put their health at further risk,“said AMA BoardMember Jack Resneck Jr M.D.in a statement.The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off thefield as soon as possible.Then,they are only to return to their sport with a doctors writtenapproval.The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and athleticorganizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)，a concussion is atype of traumatic(仓 U 伤)brain injury caused by a bump,blow,or jolt to the head or hit tothe body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.This type ofmovement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull(颅骨).It candamage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused bysports and recreation-related activities occur in the U.S.every year.A study from theCenter tor Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40%of high school athletesreturn to playing before they should.The AMAs new guidelines should help to bring thosenumbers down.(1)Why does the AMA set the new guidelines?BA.To raise safety standards of sports.B,To protect athletes from concussions.C.To set rules for health care evaluation.D.To help players return to the game quickly.(2)What should young athletes who may have a concussion do?C第5页 共4 6页A.Avoid using the head.B.Leave the field forever.C.Get treatment in time.D.Switch to another sport.（3）What is paragraph 4 mainly about?AA.What a concussion is.B.What causes damage to brain cells.C.How the CDC works.D.How a concussion can be prevented.（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text?BA.Rules for Safer PlayB.Sports Injuries in the USC Advice to AthletesD.New Policies for Doctors【解答】L B.细节理解题.根据第一段 Now,the American Medical Association（AMA）has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions-serious injuries caused by a blow to the h ead.现在，美国医学协会（AMA）制定了一套新的指导方针，旨在保护运动员免受因头部撞击而造成的脑震荡严重伤害的危险.可知，AMA制定新的指导方针是为了保护运动员免受脑震荡.故选B.2.C.细节理解题.根据第三段 The policy recommends that young athletes who may have aconcussion be taken off the field as soon as possible.该政策建议，可能有脑震荡的年轻运动员应尽快被带出赛场.可知，有脑震荡的年轻运动员应该及时得到治疗.故选C.3.A.细节理解题.根据第四段 According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC）,a concussion is a type of traumatic（仓 U 伤）brain injury caused by a bump,blow,or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back andf o r th.根据疾病预防控制中心（CDC）的说法，脑震荡是由头部撞击，撞击或颠簸或撞击身体而导致头部和大脑移动而引起的一种创伤性（受伤）脑损伤迅速来回.可知，第 4段主要讲述了脑震荡是什么.故选A.4.B.主旨大意题.阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了在全国范围内，运动伤害是年轻运动员的安全隐患.现在，美国医学协会（AMA）制定了一套新的指导方第6页 共4 6页针，旨在保护运动员免受因头部撞击而造成的脑震荡严重伤害的危险.故选B.4.Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researcherssaid puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children atthe University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 laterdevelop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents income,education and the amount of parenttalk,Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everydayactivities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of agehave better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasksthat assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,“Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and abouthalf of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parentstended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who playedwith puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzlesthan girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active duringpuzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.(1)In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?BA.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.(2)What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?CA.Parents age.B.Childrens imagination.C Parents education.第7页 共4 6页D.Child-parent relationship.(3)How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?DA.They play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(4)What is the text mainly about?BA.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologist.D.A teaching program.【解答】(1)B.细节理解题.根 据第二段的Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert onmathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children whoplay with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial sk ills.芝加哥大学幼儿数学发展专家、心理学家苏珊莱文(Susan Levine)发现，在 2 岁至4 岁之间玩拼图游戏的儿童后来会发展出更好的空间技能.可知，拼图游戏对儿童发展空间技能有益.故选B.(2)C.细节理解题.根据第二段的 Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor ofcognition(认 知)after controlling for differences in parents income,education and theamount of parent talk,Levine sa id.莱文说，在控制了父母收入、教育程度和家长谈话量的差异后，拼图游戏被发现是认知能力的一个显著预测因子.可知，莱文在设计她实验时考虑到了父母的教育.故选C.(3)D.细节理解题.根据第五段的 However,boys tended to play with more complexpuzzles than girls然而，男孩往往比女孩玩更复杂的拼图，可知，男孩和女孩的不同在于他们可能会玩更难的拼图.故选D.(4)B.主旨大意题.根据全文和第三段的 The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play withpuzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 monthsof a g e.研究人员分析了 53对儿童家长在家中日常活动的视频记录，发现在26至 46个月大之间玩拼图游戏的儿童在54个月大时的空间技能更好.可知，文章是关于一个关于第8页 共4 6页拼图对孩子益处的科学研究.A.A mathematical method数学方法；B.A scientific study科学研究；C.A woman psychologist女心理学家；D.A teaching program教学课程,故选 B.5.With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation（孤独）,morefamilies are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law：she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their twodaughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of agrowing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the sameroof.They share a front door and a washing machine,but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cutsin：We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-la w.And what does Nick think?From my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.WouldI recommend it?Yes,I think I would.”It*s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that thenumbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number ofhouseholds with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with theirelderly parents：many more adult children are returning to the family home,if they ever left.Itis said that about 20%of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,c
