2022年大学英语考试考前冲刺卷二27测.pdf
2022年大学英语考试考前冲刺卷二（本卷共分为1 大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单 位：姓 名：考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共5 0题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.Qu es t ion 10 is bas ed on t he follow ing new s.At t he end of t he new s it em,y ou w i I I be giv en 10 s econds t o ans w er t he qu es t ion.Now I is t en t o t henew s.A.a better treatment of the US detainees at Guantanamo Bay.B.an independent judicial body to bring the detainees to trial.C.the immediate closure of the detention camp at Guantanamo Bay.D.the implementation of international human rights law at Guantanamo Bay.2.Which of t he fol low ing w rit ers is t he great es t Engl i s h cr i t ical real is tnov eIis t w ho s how ed t he mis ery of t he common peopleA Jane Austen.B Charles Dickens.C Emily Bronte.D Oscar Wilde.3.The t erm Phat ic Commu nion originat es from s t u dy of t hefu nct i ons of I angu age u s ed on Trobr i and I s I ands w h i ch refers t o t he s oc i a Iint eract ion of Iangu age.A MalinowskiB David CrystalC NidaD Schiffman4.Feld,the shoemaker,was annoyed that his helper,SobeIv was soi nsens i t i ve to h i s rever i e that he wou ldnJ t for a mi nute cease h i s fanat i cpounding at the other bench.He gave him a look,but Sobe15 s bald headwas bent over the last as he worked,and he didn,t notice.The shoemakershrugged and continued to peer through the partly frosted window at,thenear-sighted haze of fa llin g February snow.Neither the sh iftin g whiteblur outside,nor the sudden deep remembrance of the snowy Pol ish vi I I agewhere he had wasted h i s youth cou I d turn h i s thoughts from Max,the co I I egeboy(a constant v is ito r in the mind since early that morning when Feldsaw him trudging through the snowdrifts on his way to schooI),whom heso much respected because of the sacr if ices he had made throughout theyears in winter or direst heat to further his education.An old wishreturned to haunt the shoemaker:that he had had a son instead of adaughter,but th is blew away in the snow for Feld,if anything,was apractical man.Yet he could not help but contrast the di I igence of theboy,who was a peddler*s son,with Mi r iam,s unconcern for an education.True,she was always with a book in her hand,yet when the opportunityarose for a co I Iege educat i on,she had said no,she would rather finda job.He had begged her to go,pointing out how many fathers could notafford to send thei r chiIdren to co 11ege,but she said she wanted to beindependent.As for education,what was it,she asked,but books,whichSobeIf who di I igent Iy read the classics,would as usual advi se her on.Her answer greatly grieved her father.A figure emerged from the snow,and the door opened.At the counter the man withdrew from a wet paperbag a pair of battered shoes for repair.Who he was the shoemaker fora moment had no idea,t hen his heart t rembled as he real iz ed,before hehad t horou ghly dis cerned t he face,t hat Max hims elf w as s t anding t here,embarras s ed Iy ex plaining w hat he w ant ed done t o his old s hoes.Thou ghFeld I is t ened eagerly,he cou ldn,t hear a w ord,for t he opport u nit y t hathad bu rs t u pon him w as deafen i ng.He cou ldn,t ex act I y recal I w hen t het hou ght had occu rred t o him,becau s e it w as clear he had more t han oncecons idered s u gges t ing t o t he boy t hat he go ou t w it h Miriam.Bu t he hadnot dared s peak,for if Max s aid no,how w ou Id he face him again Or s u ppos eMiriam,w ho harped s o oft en on independence,blew u p in anger and s hou t edat him for his meddIing St ill,t he chance w as t oo good t o let by:al Iit meant w as an int rodu ct ion.They might long ago hav e become friendshad t hey happened t o meet s omew here,t herefore w as it not his du t y-an obIigat ion-t o bring t hem t oget her,not hing more,a harmles sconniv ance t o replace an accident aI encou nt er in t he s u bw ay,let s s ay,or a mu t u aI friend1 s int rodu ct ion in t he s t reet Ju s t let him once s eeand t alk t o her,and he w ou ld for s u re be int eres t ed.As for Miriam,w hatpos s ible harm for a w orking girl in an office,w ho met only Iou dmou t heds aIes men and i I I it erat e s hipping clerks,t o make t he acqu aint ance of af i ne s cho lar ly boy May be he w ou I d aw aken in her a des i re t o go t o co I I ege;if not-t he s hoemaker5 s mind at las t came t o grips w it h t he t ru t h-let her marry an edu cat ed man and Iiv e a bet t er Iife.It can be inferred from t he pas s age t hat Feld s dau ght er w as al I EXCEPTA.forceful.B.absent-minded.C.realistic.D.determined.5.American economis t s once s poofed u niv ers it y edu cat ion as t he onlyindu s t ry in w hich t hos e w ho cons u me it s produ ct do not pu rchas e it;t hos ew ho produ ce it do not s ei I it,and t hos e w ho finance it do not cont rolit.That apt des cript ion,made in t he 1970s,has been u ndermined s incet hen by t he emergence of t he f i rs t for-profit u niv ers it ies in t he Unit edSt at es.Cont rol led by ent repreneu rs,t hes e s chools w hich nu mber abou t700 and cou nt ing s ei I a pract ical edu cat ion t o career-minded s t u dent sand make a good bu ck doing it.They are now ex panding abroad,creat ingt he fi rs t mu lt inat ional corporat ions in a s ect or long s u s piciou s ofbalance s heet s.The companies are lu red by a booming market in w hichcap it al i s t compet it ion i s s t i I I s carce.The nu mber of u niv ers it y s t u dent sis ex pect ed t o dou b I e in t he nex t 25 y ears t o 170 million w orldw ide.Demandgreat ly ex ceeds s u pply,becau s e t he 1990s s aw mas s iv e global inv es t mentin primary and s econdary s chools,bu t not in u niv ers it ies.The nu mberof chiIdren enrol led in primary or s econdary s chooIs ros e by 18 percentarou nd t he w orId-more t han t w ice t he rat e of increas e in any prev iou sdecade.Now t hes e kids are oft en gradu at ing from high s chooI t o find noopen i ngs in nat i onaI u niv ers it ies,w hich nev ert heles s don t w e I comefor-profit compet it ion.The Braz i I ian u niv ers it y t eachers,u nion w arnedt hat foreign corporat ions w ou ld t u rn higher edu cat ion int o a dipIomaindu s t ry,.Crit ics rais ed t he s pect er of dec I i n i ng qu a I it y and a los sof Braz iI s s ov ereign cont rolM ov er edu cat ion.For-profitu niv ers it ies met w it h s imilar s u s picion w hen t hey firs t opened in t heUnit ed St at es.By t he 1980s t hey w ere regu larly accu s ed of offerings u bs t andard edu cat i on and had t o fight for accept ance and res pect.Lat ely,t hey hav e flou ris hed by cat ering t o older s t u dent s w ho arenJ t Iookingfor keg part ies,ju s t a s hort cu t t o a bet t er career.For-profit co I I egesnow at t ract 8 percent of fou r-y ear s t u dent s in t he Unit ed St at es,u p from3 percent a decade ago.By cu t t ing ou t frills,inclu ding s port s t eams,s t u dent cent ers and s u mmer v acat ion,t hes e s chools can operat e w it hprofit margins of 20 t o 30 percent.In s ome cou nt ries,t he Americancompanies operat e as t hey do at home.Apo 11 o fou nd an eas y fit in Braz i I,w here few u niv ers it ies hav e dorms,s t u dent s oft en t ake off t ime bet w eenhigh s choo I and co I I ege,and t here5 s no s u mmer v acat i on-ju s t t w o breaksin Ju ly and December.In ot her Lat in cou nt ries,Sy I v an has t aken adifferent approach,bu y ing t radit ional res ident ial co I Ieges I ike t heUni v ers i dad del Va 11 e de Mex i co(UVM).It has boos t ed enro I Iment by add i ngand heav i ly adv ert is ing cou rs es in career-t rack fields I ike bu s ines s andengineering,and add i ng no-fr ills s at e I Iit e campu s es.Sens it iv e t o t hepot ent i a I hos t i I it y agains t foreign bu y ers,Sy I v an keeps original s choolnames,adding it s ow n brand,Sy lv an Int ernat ional Univ ers it ies,t opu b I icit y mat erials,and keeps t u it ion in I i ne w it h local pr i v at e s chools.Mos t of t he s chools t hat Sy lv an has pu rchas ed w ere managed by for-prof it st o begin w it h,inclu ding t he pres t igiou s Les Roches Hot el ManagementSchool in Sw it z er land.Bu t in general,Say s Urdan,Sy lv an1 s t arget s nhav enot been ru n w it h w or Id-clas s bu s ines s pract ices.They,re not dis t res s ed,bu t t here,s an opport u nit y for t hem t o be bet t er managed.M When Sy lv anpaid$50 million for a cont rol I ing s t ake in UVM t w o y ears ago,t he s choo Ihad rev enu es of abou t$80 million and an enrol Iment of 32,000.The s u cces sof t he for-prof it s is not hing t o be afraid of,s ay s Wor Id Bank edu cat ionex pert Jami I Salmi:I d on1 t t hink t hey w i I I replace t radit ionalu niv ers it ies,bu t t hey can pu s h s ome more t radit ional prov iders t o bemore innov at iv e and more at t ent iv e t o t he needs of t he labor market.HSome s t u dent s at Sy I v an s chooIs in Lat in Amer ica w e I come t he foreigninv as ion.At t he Uni v ers idad de las Americas in Sant i ago,DanielaVi I lagran s ay s friends t eas e her for s t u dy i ng at Yankee I and,1 1 bu t s hefigu res Sy I v an connect i ons w ill giv e me an edge w hen I go ou t t o lookfor a job.n The emphas i s on i ndependent t hou ght i s w hat s eparat es UVMfrom ot her ins t it u t ions in Mex ico.And,for bet t er or w ors e,more Americans chooIs are on t he w ay.There is a booming market for for-profit universities becauseA.there was less global investment in national universities in the past.B.there are fewer universities than primary or secondary schools.C.for-profit universities can offer better education to their students.D.the competition for top national universities is getting fiercer andfiercer.6.In 17th-century New England,almost everyone be Ii eved in witches.Strugg I i ng to surv i ve in a vast and sometimes unforgiving land,Americas ear Iiest European settlers understood themselves to be surrounded byan inscrutable universe fiI led with invisible spirits,both benevolentand evil,that affected their Iives.They often attributed a suddenillness,a household disaster or a financial setback to a witch1 s curse.The belief in witchcraft was,at bottom,an attempt to make sense of theunknown.While witchcraft was often feared,it was punished onlyinfrequently.In the firs t 70 years of the New England sett I ement,about100 peop I e were forma I I y charged with being witches;fewer than two dozenwere convicted and fewer s t ill were executed.Then came 1692.In Januaryof that year,two young g irls Iiving in the household of the ReverendSamueI Parris of Salem V iI I age began experiencing strange fits.Thedoctor identified witchcraft as the cause.After weeks of questioning,the g irls named Tituba,Parris s femaIe Indian slave,and two local womenas the wi tches who were torment i ng them.Judg i ng by prev i ous i nc i dents,one would have expected the episode to end there.But it didn t.Otheryoung Salem women began to suffer f its as wel I.Before the crisis ended,19 peopIe formally accused others of affIictin g them,54 residents ofEssex County confessed to being witches and near ly 150 peopIe were chargedwith consorting with the devi I.What led to this Traditional ly,historians have argued that the witchcraft crisis resulted fromfact ionaIi s m in Salem ViI I age,de Iiberat e faki ng,or pos s ibly t hei nges t i on of ha I I u c i nogens by t he aff I ict ed.I be I i ev e anot her force w asat w ork.The ev ent s in Salem w ere precipit at ed by a conf Ii ct w it h t heI nd i ans on t he nort heas t ern front ier,t he mos t s i gn i f i cant s u rge ofv iolence in t he region in nearly 40 y ears.In t w o Iit t Ie-know n w ars,fou ght largely in Maine from 1675 t o 1678 and from 1688 t o 1699,Engl is hs et t lers s u ffered dev as t at ing los s es at t he hands of Wabanaki Indiansand t heir French allies.The key affIict ed accu s ers in t he Salem cris isw ere front ier refu gees w hos e famiIies had been w iped ou t in t he w ars.Thes e t orment ed y ou ng w omen s aid t hey s aw t he dev iI in t he s hape of anIndian.In t es t imony,t hey accu s ed t he w it ches repu t ed ringleadert he Rev erend George Bu rrou ghs,formerly pas t or of Salem V i11 age-ofbew it ching t he s oldiers dis pat ched t o f ight t he Wabanakis.Whi Ie Tit u ba,one of t he firs t peopIe accu s ed of w it chcraft,has t radit ionally beenport ray ed as a black or mu Iat t o w oman from Barbados,al I t he ev idencepoint s t o her being an American Indian.To t he Pu rit an s et t lers,w hobe I iev ed t hems elv es t o be God,s chos en people,w it chcraft ex p I a i ned w hyt hey w ere los ing t he w ar s o badly.Thei r Indian enemies had t he dev iIon t hei r s ide.In lat e s u mmer,s ome prominent New Englanders began t ocrit iciz e t he w it ch pros ecu t ions.In res pons e t o t he dis s ent,Gov ernorS i r W i I I i am Ph i ps of Mas s achu s et t s d i s s o I v ed i n Oct ober t he s pec i a I cou rthe had es t ab I is hed t o handle t he t rials.Bu t before he s t opped t he legalproces s,14 w omen and 5 men had been hanged.Anot her man w as cru s hed t odeat h by s t ones for refu s ing t o ent er a plea.The w ar w it h t he Indianscont inu ed for s ix more y ears,t hou gh s poradical ly.Slow ly,nort hern NewEnglanders began t o feel more s ecu re.And t hey s oon regret t ed t he ev ent sof 1692.Wit hin fiv e y ears,one ju dge and 12 ju rors formal ly apo I og i z edas t he co I ony declared a day of fas t i ng and pray er t o at one for t heinju s t ices t hat had been commit t ed.In 1711,t he s t at e compens at ed t hefami I ies of t he v ict ims.And las t y ear,more t han t hree cent u ries aft ert he s et t lers react ed t o an ex t ernal t hreat by las hing ou t i rrat ional ly,t he conv ict ed w ere cleared by name in a Mas s achu s et t s s t at u t e.It s as t ory w ort h remember ing and not ju s t on Hallow een.The au t hor adds t hat t he w it chcraft cris is of 1692 als o aros e fromA.the clash between European settlers and the Indians.B.disagreements among European settlers in Salem.C.the delusion of the sick in Salem.D.the pretension of the sick in Salem.7.Cos mo Iogy i s s omet imes pooh-poohed as more phi los ophy t han s cience.It as ks deep qu es t ions abou t nat u re bu t prov ides u ns at is fy ingly v agu eans w ers.The cos mos may be 12 billion y ears old,bu t it cou ld be as mu chas 15 billion.The s t ars began t o s hine 100 million y ears aft er t he BigBang,or may be it s a billion.Ou r ideas,“acknow ledges Max Tegmarkof t he Univ ers it y of Penns y lv ania,hav e been kind of w obbly.n Bu t mu chof t he w obb I e has been fix ed,t hanks t o a s at e I I it e know n as t he Wi Ikins onMicrow av e Anis ot ropy Probe,or WMAP.Since Ju ly 2001,WMAP has beenorbit ing i n deep s pace,more t han a million ki lomet ers from Eart h,s t u dy ing t he mos t ancient I ight in ex is t ence.And in a dramat ic remindert hat import ant s pace s c i ence i s a I mos t alw ay s done by machines,notfragi Ie hu mans,it report ed a s eries of precis ion meas u rement s t hat w illfinally pu t cos mo
