2022年公共英语考试真题卷三18测.pdf
2022年公共英语考试真题卷三（本卷共分为1 大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单 位：姓 名：考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.If wome n are me rc i I e ss Iy e xploite d ye ar af te r ye ar,th e y h ave onlyth e mse Ive s to bIame.Be c ause th e y tre mble at th e th oug h t of be ing se e nin pub Iic in c loth e s th at are out of f ash ion,th e y are always take nad vantag e of by th e d e sig ne rs and th e big store s.Cloth e s wh ic h h ave be e nworn only a f e w t ime s h ave to be put asid e be c ause of th e c h ang e s of f ash ion.Wh e n you c ome to th ink of it,only a woman is c apabIe of stand ing in f rontof a ward robe pac ke d f ulI of c loth e s and announc ing sad ly th at sh e h asnoth ing to we ar.Ch ang ing f ash ions are noth ing more th an th einte rnational c re ation of waste.Many wome n spe nd vast sums of mone y e ac hye ar to re plac e c Ioth e s th at h ave h ard ly be e n worn.Wome n wh o c annotaf f ord to th row away c Ioth ing in th is way,waste h ours of th e ir timealte r ing th e d re sse s th e y h ave.Skirts are Ie ng th e ne d or sh orte ne d;ne c k-Iine s are lowe re d or raise d,and so on.No one c an c laim th atth e f ash ion ind ustry c ontribute s anyth ing re ally important to soc ie ty.Fash ion d e sig ne rs are rare ly c onc e rne d with vital th ing s I ike warmth,c omf ort and d urabiIity.Th e y are only inte re ste d in outward appe aranc eand th e y take ad vantag e of th e f ac t th at wome n wi I I put up with any amountof d isc omf ort,as long as th e y look rig h t.Th e re c an h ard ly be a man wh oh asn1 t at some time in h is lif e smile d at th e sig h t of a woman sh akingin a th in d re ss on a winte r d ay,or d e l i c ate I y pic king h e r way th roug hd e e p snow i n h i g h-h e e I e d sh oe s.Wh e n c ompar i ng me n and wome n i n th ematte r of f ash ion,th e c onc lusions to be d rawn are obvious.Do th ec onstantly c h ang ing f ash ions of wome n5 s c loth e s,one wond e rs,re f le c tbasic qua I itie s of i nc onstanc y and instabiIity Me n are too c le ve r tole t th e mse lve s be c h e ate d by f ash ion d e sig ne rs.Do th e i r unc h ang ingstyle s of d re ss re f le c t basic qua I itie s of stabiIity and re liabilityTh at is f or you to d e c id e.De sig ne rs and big store s a I ways make m o n e y.A.by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industryB.because they are capable of predicting new fashionsC.by constantly changing the fashions in women?s clothingD.because they attach greater importance to quality in women s clothin2.Re al poIic e me n h ard ly re c og nize any re se mblanc e be twe e n th e i r Iive sand wh at th e y se e on TV.Th e se are simi laritie s,of c ourse,but th e c opsd on t th ink muc h of th e m.Th e f i rst d if f e re nc e is th at a pol ic e man,s re al I if e re volve s round th e law.Most of h is training is in c riminallaw,and wh at is more,h e h as to apply it on h is f e e t,in th e d ark andrain,running d own an a I I e y af te r some one h e wants to talk to.Littleof h is time i s spe nt in c h att i ng to a sc ant i I y-c I ad or in d ramaticc onf rontation with d e spe rate c riminals.He wi I I spe nd most of h is workingIif e typ i ng mill ions of word s on th ousand s of f orms about h und re d s ofsad,unimportant pe ople wh o are g ui Ity-or not-of stupid,pe tty c rime s.Most te le vision c rime d rama i s about f ind ing th e c r iminals as soon ash e s arre ste d,th e story is ove r.In re al Iif e,f ind ing c riminals isse ld om muc h of a proble m e xc e pt in ve ry se rious c ase s Iike murd e rs andte rrorist attac ks-wh ose f ai lure to prod uc e re sults re f le c ts on th estand ing of th e polic e.Th e polic e h ave an e laborate mac h ine ry wh ic heventuaI Iy shows up most wanted men.Having made an arrest,a detectivereal ly starts to work.He has to prove his case in court and to do thathe often has to gather a lot of different evidence.Much of this has tobe given by peopIe who don t want to get invoIved in a court case.So,as we I I as being overworked,a detect i ve has to be out at al I hours ofthe day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them,usual lyagainst thei r own best interests,to help him.A thi rd big differencebetween the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moraltw iIight in which the real one I ives.Detectives are subject to twoopposing pressures:f i rst,as members of a poI ice force they always haveto get results.Second,they have to observe the rules.They can hardlyever do both.Most of the time some of them have to break the rules insmalI ways.It is essential for a poIiceman to be trained in criminal l aw.A.so that he can catch criminals in the streetsB.because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerousC.so that he can justify his arrests in courtD.because he has to know nearly as much about as a professional lawyer3.The healing power of maggots is not new.Human beings have discoveredit several times.The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeuticpurposes a thousand years ago.As ear I y as the s i xteenth century,Europeandoctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds heaIed well.More recently,doctors have real ized that maggots can be cheaper and moreeffect ive than drugs in some respects,and these squi rming larvae have,at times,enjoyed a quiet medicaI renaissance.The problem may have moreto do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science.The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during WorId War I,when anAmerican doctor named William Bayer was shocked to notice that twosold ie rs wh o h ad lain on a batt Ie f i e Id f or a we e k wh ile th e i r abd ominalwould be c ame inf e ste d with th ousand s of mag g ots,h ad re c ove re d be tte rth an wound e d me n tre ate d in th e mi Iitary h ospital.Af te r th e war,Baye rprove d to th e me d i c a I e stab I i sh me nt th at mag g ots c ould c ure some of th etoug h e st inf e c tions.In th e 1930s h und re d s of h ospitals use d mag g otth e rapy.Mag g ot th e rapy re qui re s th e r ig h t kind of larvae.Only th emag g ots of b I owf I ie s(a f ami I y th at i nc I ud e s c ommon b I ue bott I e s and g re e nbottIe s)wiI I d o th e job;th e y d e vour d e ad tissue,wh e th e r in an ope nwound or in a c orpse.Some oth e r mag g ots,on th e oth e r h and,suc h as th oseof th e sc re wworm e at I ive tissue.Th e y must be avoid e d.Wh e n bIowf Iy e g g sh atc h in a patie nt1 s wound,th e mag g ots e at th e d e ad f le sh wh e reg ang re ne-c ausing bac te r ia th r ive.Th e y also e xc re te c ompound s th at areIe th aI to bac te ria th e y d on t h appe n to swaI Iow.Me anwh i Iet th e y ig noreIive f le sh,and in f ac t,g ive it a g e nt Ie g rowth-st i mu I at i ng massag esimply by c rawl ing ove r it.Wh e n th e y me tamorph ose i nto f l ie s,th e y le avewith out a trac e-alth oug h in th e proc e ss,th e y mig h t upse t th e h ospitalstaf f as th e y squ i rm around in a I i ve pat i e nt.Wh e n su I f a d rug s,th e f i rstantibiotic s,e me rg e d around th e time of World War II,mag g ot th e rapyquic kly f ad e d into obsc urity.Wh y d id th e auth or write th e passag eA.Because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots.B.To demonstrate the important contribution of William Bayer.C.To outline the healing power of maggots.D.To explain treatment used before the first antibiotics.4.Te sting h as re plac e d te ac h ing in most pub I ic sc h ools.My own c h i ld re n,s sc h ooI we e k is f rame d by pre te sts,d rills,te sts,and re te sts.Th e yknow th at th e be st way to re ad a te xtbook is to look at th e que stionsat th e e nd of th e c h apte r and th e n skim th e te xt f or th e answe rs.I be I ie vethat my daughter Erica,who gets excel lent marks,has never read a chapterof any of her schooI textbooks al I the way through.And teachers are oftenheard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated statetest.Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon.Instead ofdec iding what s k ills students ought to I earn,helping students I earn them,and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whetherstudents have mastered the sk ills,teachers are encouraged to reversethe process.Fi rst one looks at a commercially avaiI able test.Then oned is tills the s k ills needed not to master reading,say,or math,but todo we I I on the test.Finally,the test s k ills are taught.The ab ilityto read or wr ite or caIcuI ate might imply the ab ility to do reasonablywe I I on standardized tests.However,neither read i ng nor writing deve I opssimply through being taught to take tests.W e must be careful to avoidmistaking preparation for a test of a ski I I with the acquisition of thatsk ill.Too many discussions of basic s k ills make this fundamenta Iconfusion because peopIe are test obsessed rather than concerned withthe nature and qua I ity of what is taught.Recent I y many schoo I s havefaced what could be cal led the cr isis of comprehension or,in simple terms,the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar sk ills s t ill beingunable to understand what they read.These students are competent at testtaking and fillin g in workbooks and ditto masters.However,they haveI ittIe or no experience reading or thinking,and talking about what theyread.They know the detai Is but can,t see or understand the whole.Theyare taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or easeof mind to think about meaning,and reread things if necessary.The author gives an account of Erica s performance in her study in orderto.A.illustrate her cleverness in test-takingB.reveal the incompetence of teachersC.show there is something wrong with current practice in teachingD.demonstrate the best way to read textbooks5.There are two types of peopIe in the world.Although they have equaldegrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of I ife,one becomeshappy,the other becomes miserable.This ar ises from the different waysin which they consider things,persons,the events,and the resultingeffects upon their minds.The peopIe who are to be happy fix theirattention on the conveniences of things,the pleasant parts ofconversation,the we I I-prepared dishes,the goodness of the wines,andthe fine weather.They enjoy al I the cheerful things.Those who are tobe unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things.Therefore,theyare continual ly discontented.By their remarks,they sour the pleasuresof society,offend many people,and make themselves disagreeableeverywhere.If this turn of mind were founded in nature,such unhappypersons would be the more to be pitied.The tendency to criticize andbe disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation.It grows intoa habit,unknown to its possessor.The habit may be strong,but it maybe cured when those who have it are convineed of its bad effects on thei rinterests and tastes.I hope this little warming may be of service tothem,and help them change this habit.Although in fact it is chieflyan act of the imagination,it has ser ious consequences in Iife,sinceit brings,on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those peopIe offend many others,nobody loves them,and no one treats them with more than the most commonpol iteness and respect,and scarcely that.This frequently puts them inbad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at obtaining someadvantage in rank or fortune,nobody wishes them success.Nor wi I I anyonespeak a word to favor thei r hopes.If they bring on themseIves pub Iicdisapproval,not one wi I I defend or excuse them.These peopIe shouIdchange this bad habit.If they do not,it wi I I be good for others to avoidany contact with them.In the second paragraph,the expression sour the pleasures of society11me a n s.A.make the pleasures of society disappearB.do not enjoy the pleasures of societyC.deny the existence of the pleasures of societyD.criticize the society because of its lack of pleasures6.There i s a new type of sma I I advert i sement becomi ng i ncreas ingly commonin newspaper classified columns.It is somet i mes p I aced among situationsvacantn,although it does not offer anyone a job,and sometimes it appearsamong situations vacant,although it is not pIaced by someone Iookingfor a job either.What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.Contact us before writing your appl icat ion,n or”Make use of our longexperience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history,M is howit is usually expressed.The growth and apparent success of such aspec i a I i zed serv i ce is,of course,a reflection on the current high I eve I sof unempIoyment.It is also an indication of the growing importance ofthe curr iculum vitae(or job history),with the suggestion that it maynow qua I ify as art form in its own right.There was a time when jobseekers simply wrote letters of applicat ion.Just put down your name,address,age and whether you have passed any exams,n was about the averagelever of advice offered to young peopIe applying for thei r jobs when Ileft schooI.The letter was really just for openers,it was explained,and everything else could and should be saved for the interview.And inthose days of fu lI empIoyment the technique worked.The letter provedthat you could write and were avaiI able for work.Your eager face andinteI I igent repl ies did the rest.Later,as you moved up the ladder,some th ing sIig h tIy more soph istic ate d was c al le d f or.Th e ad vic e th e nwas to put some th ing in th e le tte r wh ic h would d isting uish you f rom th ere st.It mig h t be th e ag g re ssive approac h.Your se arc h is ove r.I amth e pe rson you are Iooking f or,n was a wid e ly use d tric k th at oc c asionaI Iysuc c e e d e d.Or it mig h t be some spe c ial f e ature spe c i a 11y d e s i g ne d f orth e job in vie w.Th e re is no d oubt,h owe ve r,th at it is th e inc re asingnumbe r of applic ants with unive rsity e d uc ation at al I points in th eproc e ss of e ng ag ing staf f th at h as le d to th e g re ate r importanc e of th ec urric ulum vitae.Th e ne w type of ad ve rtise me nt wh ic h is appe aring in ne wspape rc o I umns.A.informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB.promises useful advice to those looking for employmentC.divides available jobs into various typesD.informs employers that people are available for work7.Crime is a sub je c t on wh ic h pe op I e h ave strong opinions.Some be I ie vesoc ie ty c re ate s c riminals;oth e rs th ink th e prison syste m is at f ault.Oth e rs still say it is ind ivid uals wh o are to blame.Th e truth is th atwe d on,t re a 11 y know wh at make s pe op I e turn to c r ime,but i t se e ms I ike lyth at it is a c ombination of th e above f ac tors,rath e r th an a sing le c ause.Th e re is,h owe ve r,one th ing we c an be sure of:wh e n c r ime f alls-some th ing wh ic h ad mitte d ly d oe sn t h appe n ve ry of te n-e ve ry pol itic ianaround wi I I c laim c re d it f or it.Pre sid e nt Cl inton was th e f irst tod o so.During th e Ame ric an
